Alexander Wagner: What really motivates people to be honest in business
Alexander Wagner: Qué motiva realmente a las personas a ser comercialmente honestas
Alexander Wagner balances two passions: the thrill of seeking knowledge about fundamentals of human behavior for knowledge's sake, and the desire to apply insights in the real world and to improve the workings of markets and organizations. Full bio
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have you interacted with today?
ha interactuado hoy?
-- lo que sea --
para llegar aquí,
that you work for or that you own.
o de la que es propietario.
at least seven companies
al menos siete compañías
large, public corporations
that looks at US companies --
que observa compañías nacionales...
that it's different in Europe.
at both detected and undetected fraud
fraude detectado y no detectado,
the shareholders of these companies,
a los accionistas de las empresas,
380 billion dollars per year.
USD 380 000 millones al año.
algunos ejemplos, ¿verdad?
aren't quite so secret anymore.
dejaron de ser secretos.
of the American Finance Association
Asociación Financiera Estadounidense,
in his presidential address.
en su discurso presidencial.
if you think about, especially,
si pensamos, especialmente,
put into its financial industry.
en su industria financiera.
who actually remain honest
que permanecen honestas
to start engaging in fraud.
de comenzar a participar en el fraude.
like Michael Woodford,
como Michael Woodford,
about their companies.
acerca de sus compañías.
like Anna Politkovskaya
to report human rights violations.
reportar violaciones de derechos humanos.
to bring out the truth.
some insights I've obtained and learned
conocimientos que obtuve y aprendí
of conducting research in this.
en los últimos diez años.
a scientist working with economists,
que trabaja con economistas,
what makes humans tick,
qué motiva a los seres humanos,
of fraud in corporations
de fraude en corporaciones,
to the improvement of the world.
a mejorar el mundo.
two very distinct visions
muy diferentes
behaves in their own self-interests,
actúan en su propio interés,
a narrowly defined concept
un concepto estrechamente definido
self-interested move here
que actúa aquí
podría saltar,
all this beautiful tableware.
esta hermosa vajilla.
quiso significar.
disregard all consequences --
ignore todas las consecuencias,
might not behave in this way.
podría no actuar así.
and costs of our actions.
de nuestras acciones.
estoy seguro,
according to that code of conduct,
a ese código,
of getting a bonus payment.
de obtener un pago extra.
if you disregard it,
of not getting your bonus
de no obtener el pago extra,
sean más honestas,
the corporation's principles.
con los principios corporativos.
powerful economic force, right?
poderosa fuerza económica, ¿correcto?
trust us more in the future.
confían más en nosotros.
out of his benevolence
por ser benevolente
more future bread.
más pan en el futuro.
por ejemplo,
who get caught up in media,
que resultan expuestos a la prensa,
de cara al futuro
de las consecuencias,
Immanuel ahora.
because he's a good dog.
porque es un buen perro.
all this beautiful tableware.
are motivated like that,
están motivadas así,
de los incentivos,
and bonus systems and so on,
pagos extras y demás,
by different values perhaps.
por diferentes valores, quizás.
have perfect hairdos,
tienen peinados perfectos,
very different views of the world.
muy diferentes visiones del mundo.
to address this issue.
para abordar este asunto.
which are confusing in reality.
que en realidad son confusos.
there is so much going on,
suceden tantas cosas que
what drives people's behavior really.
el comportamiento de las personas.
experimento juntos.
like the one I'm holding up right now
como la que estoy sosteniendo ahora
terminal in front of you,
frente a usted,
that you had a tails throw,
que recibió cruz,
dos veces cruz,
you get paid zero francs.
in that situation?
en esa situación?
and look to your right --
y a su derecha...
the person sitting next to you
sentada a su lado
de Arte Manifesta
at the university
con estudiantes en el laboratorio,
and it's a fair coin,
y se trata de una moneda imparcial,
that it comes up four times tails
de que salga cruz cuatro veces
of them are tails is much lower
de todas ellas es más baja
este experimento en serio.
who did not say I had four tails throws,
no dijeron yo arrojé cruz cuatro veces,
if you say four than less.
si dice cuatro antes que menos.
by announcing zero.
anunciando cero.
the other people all were honest
fueron honestas,
higher or lower than what they did
o un poco menos de lo que hicieron
and here's another coin toss.
y aquí lanzamos otra moneda.
like Adam Smith would have predicted.
Adan Smith lo hubiera predicho.
by certain intrinsic values
por ciertos valores intrínsecos,
observamos esto.
so-called protected values.
los llamados valores protegidos.
no es un valor cualquiera.
where you're willing to pay a price
donde está dispuesto a pagar un precio
to withstand the temptation to give in.
para resistir a la tentación de ceder.
that's consistent with your values.
consistente con sus valores.
in the metaphor of our beloved dog here.
en la metáfora de nuestro querido perro.
without violating our values,
sin violar nuestros valores,
we actually violate values,
eso es bastante poderoso.
predictive in these experiments.
muy predecible en estos experimentos.
of the population
de la población,
a distribution around it --
a su alrededor...
we all are different.
todos somos diferentes.
de valores protegidos
above the average,
por encima de la media,
by lying by about 25 percent.
mintiendo por cerca del 25 %.
al estar mintiendo,
for them to behave honestly.
para que actúen honestamente.
all these beautiful values, right?
esos magníficos valores, ¿correcto?
en cómo se comportan las personas,
that richness in human nature
en la naturaleza humana,
the workings of our organizations.
de nuestras organizaciones.
very, very different visions here.
muy, muy diferentes aquí.
to behave according to them.
a comportarse de manera acorde a ello.
que poseen esos valores,
characteristics, of course --
por supuesto...
in line with your organization.
de acuerdo con su organización.
these protected values really come from.
estos valores protegidos,
looks pretty similar for men and women.
entre hombres y mujeres.
for those who had studied economics
en aquellos que estudiaron economía,
around different age categories
en las diferentes categorías de edad
how this develops over a lifetime.
a lo largo de la vida.
of future research.
that incentives work.
los incentivos funcionan.
the right people
a las personas correctas
and then putting incentives in place.
y luego presentar los incentivos.
with the right values
con los valores correctos,
to saving a lot of trouble
en ahorrar muchos problemas,
a las personas en primer lugar.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Wagner - EconomistAlexander Wagner balances two passions: the thrill of seeking knowledge about fundamentals of human behavior for knowledge's sake, and the desire to apply insights in the real world and to improve the workings of markets and organizations.
Why you should listen
Alexander Wagner has discovered that to most people, what matters is not only how much money they receive but also whether they behaved honestly to receive that money. As Swiss Finance Institute professor at the University of Zurich's Department of Banking and Finance, Wagner has taught corporate finance to thousands of eager students and hundreds of motivated executives, and he has helped shape governance systems of companies large and small. His recent research deals with how investors perceive managerial words and deeds … and with the stock market implications of the Trump election.
Alexander Wagner | Speaker | TED.com