Luhan Yang: How to create a world where no one dies waiting for a transplant
Лухан Янг: Как да създадем свят, в който никой не умира, чакайки за трансплантация
Dr. Luhan Yang is the co-founder and chief scientific officer at eGenesis, working to make xenotransplantation a routine medical procedure for the delivery of safe and effective human transplantable cells, tissues and organs. Full bio
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a very cute pig.
много сладко прасенце.
of patients in need of a lifesaving organ
от животоспасяващ орган,
became a real option
реална възможност
and other organ diseases,
и други заболявания на органите,
has exponentially increased.
нуждата от органи се увеличава все повече.
трансплантация на орган.
will be added to this list.
добавен към списъка.
will get a new organ,
нов орган,
да направят повече.
a disturbing social issue.
социален проблем.
that desperate patients
отчаяни пациенти
from the cruel black market.
жестокия черен пазар.
is needed to this crisis.
на тази криза.
to help solve this problem.
на този проблем.
that we are on our way there,
че вървим по пътя към него
за редакция на гени,
a human-transplantable organ
човешки трансплантируем орган,
развие в прасета.
science that makes it happen,
наука, която прави това възможно,
what xenotransplantation is.
за това какво е ксенотрансплантацията.
animal organs into humans.
животински органи у хора.
with similar size and physiology
размер и физиология,
have tried hard to make it happen,
се опитват да го направят,
на пътя.
на органа.
sees a new organ as foreign,
нов орган като чужд,
to the organs from the pig,
органите на прасето,
that is benign to the pig,
доброкачествен за него,
endogenous retrovirus (PERV),
(PERV)
to cause a viral epidemic similar to HIV.
епидемия, подобна на ХИВ.
to address these issues,
разрешат тези проблеми,
has been on hold for more than one decade.
застой вече повече от едно десетилетие.
how I got here today with Laika.
дотук днес с Лайка.
from Emei Mountain in China.
Емей, Китай.
in a lot of legendary stories,
редица известни легендарни истории
a strong connection with nature.
of an ancient Buddhist temple
how my friends and I
приятелите ми и аз
to distract the monkeys
разсеем маймуните
to hike through the valley.
долината.
to choose a field of study,
образование,
at Peking University in Beijing.
университет в Пекин.
въпроси имах.
be so similar to animals
толкова подобен на този на животните,
of fighting off so many pathogens
бори с толкова много патогени,
самите?
but you know I'm a scientist.
пак съм учен.
I didn't want to just ask the questions,
да задавам въпросите,
Това и направих.
бъда приета
университет
в неговата лаборатория,
with the genetic makeup of mammals.
с генетичния код на бозайниците.
took me closer to Laika.
made changes in a human cell
промени в една човешка клетка,
сте чували.
of such a tool in changing our DNA.
технология в промяната на нашето ДНК.
in scientific discovery.
has two components.
два компонента.
with a microscope.
генетични "ножици" с микроскоп.
to the place we want to cut
искаме да отрежем,
and repairs the DNA in the way we want.
поправя ДНК както искаме.
изследването си,
were intrigued by the medical applications
заинтригувани от медицинските приложения
the potential to use CRISPR
потенциал да използваме CRISPR,
in a pig's cell to make it virus-free
свинска клетка, за да премахнем вирусите
с човешкия имунитет.
is then implanted into a pig egg
имплантира в яйцеклетката на прасе,
into the uterus of a surrogate mother
на сурогатна майка,
whose genetic makeup
генетичен код,
by the human immune system.
от човешката имунна система.
the viral transmission problem first.
заеме с проблема за пренасянето на вируси.
all 62 copies of the PERV virus
PERV вируса
it was nearly mission impossible.
мисия.
modifications within a cell.
модификации в една клетка.
we can do in a particular cell was five.
направени в една клетка, беше пет.
by more than tenfold to achieve that.
десетократно, за да постигнем това.
and hundreds of trials,
опити,
the possibility of this dangerous virus
този опасен вирус
and cloning technology,
клетка и клониращата технология,
born without PERV.
ксенотрансплантация.
genetic modification on
генетични промени,
more than 30 pigs without PERV,
от 30 прасета без PERV
geno-modified animal living on earth.
модифицирани животни на планетата.
to orbit the earth.
Земята.
of science and medicine.
в науката и медицината.
who suffer from liver failure
страдащи от чернодробна недостатъчност,
диабет
on insulin after every meal
всяко ядене,
with good pancreatic cells
панкреатични клетки,
where patients with kidney failure
с бъбречна недостатъчност
the burden of dialysis.
диализата.
to tackle the problem
заемем с проблема,
the beginning of our journey.
пътешествие.
in front of nature,
природата,
to be addressed,
anticipate at this point.
to translate the cutting-edge science
съвременната наука
of all the patients who are waiting.
пациентите, които чакат.
this is extraordinary work here.
работа.
You've got rid of the virus.
Отървали сте се от вируса.
trying to get to the point
опитите да стигнем дотам
won't reject a transplant.
трансплантиран орган.
complicated process.
the antigen of the pigs.
прасетата.
a lot from cancer.
or circumvent our immune system
имунната ни система,
to not attack the organ.
не напада органа.
when do you hope
transplant would happen?
първата успешна трансплантация?
to give you any number.
каквото и да е число.
We're always irresponsible.
for the patients.
за пациентите.
that you think it could happen
стане
five years or something?
години?
within one decade.
десетилетие.
who would be very, very excited at that,
се развълнували от това.
people here who are going,
something so cute for our benefit."
нещо толкова сладко за наша облага."
can save eight people's lives.
да може да спаси осем човешки живота.
one kidney from the pig,
проблеми,
the unmet medical need
неудовлетворената медицинска нужда
if they eat bacon, right?
ти каже това, ако яде бекон, нали?
LY: Thank you so much.
ЛЯ: И аз на Вас.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Luhan Yang - Biologist, geneticistDr. Luhan Yang is the co-founder and chief scientific officer at eGenesis, working to make xenotransplantation a routine medical procedure for the delivery of safe and effective human transplantable cells, tissues and organs.
Why you should listen
With the mission to translate scientific innovation into a life-saving medical procedure, Dr. Luhan Yang is leading a team of world-renowned scientists to leverage CRISPR technology and its potential to deliver safe and effective human transplantable organs to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide who are in dire need.
In the US alone, more than 116,000 people annually are in need of a lifesaving organ transplant, and 20 people die every day waiting for a transplant. To address this issue, scientists have been trying to engineer animal organs for human transplantation for more than 100 years. However, concern for issues such as pig-to-human immunological compatibility and cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) have proven to be two insurmountable obstacles -- until now.
In a breakthrough paper published in Science, Yang and her team demonstrated for the first time the inactivation of PERV to prevent cross-species viral transmission, an important milestone for xenotransplantation. As co-founder and chief scientific officer, Yang has been at the center of eGenesis' success. In addition to recruiting and leading a high-caliber scientific team, she has played an integral role in daily management of the company, business strategy and planning, as well as negotiating with investors for early round funding.
Yang holds BS degrees in biology and psychology from Peking University and a PhD in human biology and translational medicine from Harvard Medical School.
Luhan Yang | Speaker | TED.com