Luhan Yang: How to create a world where no one dies waiting for a transplant
ルハン・ヤン: 臓器提供を待ちながら亡くなる患者がいない世界を作るために
Dr. Luhan Yang is the co-founder and chief scientific officer at eGenesis, working to make xenotransplantation a routine medical procedure for the delivery of safe and effective human transplantable cells, tissues and organs. Full bio
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a very cute pig.
単純に可愛いブタです
of patients in need of a lifesaving organ
数十万人もの患者にとって
病気を患う患者にとって
became a real option
and other organ diseases,
has exponentially increased.
問題はただ悪化するばかりです
必要としています
will be added to this list.
この待機リストに加わります
will get a new organ,
新しい臓器を受け取ります
a disturbing social issue.
that desperate patients
臓器を手に入れていると
from the cruel black market.
is needed to this crisis.
ということは明らかです
to help solve this problem.
私のミッションになりました
that we are on our way there,
その方向に進んでいると
a human-transplantable organ
science that makes it happen,
科学へと急ぐ前に
what xenotransplantation is.
animal organs into humans.
ヒトに移植する処置です
聞きたくなるかもしれません
with similar size and physiology
それに似た臓器を持つ
have tried hard to make it happen,
成功させようとしてきましたが
sees a new organ as foreign,
自分の物ではないと認識すると
to the organs from the pig,
特徴的な問題です
that is benign to the pig,
ヒトに伝染する恐れがあります
endogenous retrovirus (PERV),
(PERV)と呼ばれるもので
to cause a viral epidemic similar to HIV.
引き起こす可能性があります
to address these issues,
効果的な取り組みがなく
has been on hold for more than one decade.
how I got here today with Laika.
経緯を説明しましょう
from Emei Mountain in China.
in a lot of legendary stories,
さまざまな伝説的な物語で
a strong connection with nature.
持つようになりました
of an ancient Buddhist temple
how my friends and I
サルの気を逸らし
to distract the monkeys
to hike through the valley.
to choose a field of study,
at Peking University in Beijing.
be so similar to animals
こんなにも似ているのに
of fighting off so many pathogens
沢山の病原体を攻撃するのに
but you know I'm a scientist.
でも私は科学者ですからね
I didn't want to just ask the questions,
プログラムに合格し
with the genetic makeup of mammals.
実験するようになりました
took me closer to Laika.
made changes in a human cell
あるかもしれない技術を使って
DNAを編集することに
of such a tool in changing our DNA.
2つの研究チームのうちの1つでした
in scientific discovery.
has two components.
2つの要素があります
with a microscope.
ついたものと考えてください
to the place we want to cut
ハサミを持って行って
and repairs the DNA in the way we want.
DNAを切断し修復するのです
were intrigued by the medical applications
the potential to use CRISPR
CRISPRを使えるのではと
in a pig's cell to make it virus-free
持つようにすることから始めました
is then implanted into a pig egg
into the uterus of a surrogate mother
whose genetic makeup
遺伝子構造の内臓を持って生まれます
by the human immune system.
the viral transmission problem first.
まず取り組むことにしました
all 62 copies of the PERV virus
62個のすべてのコピーを
it was nearly mission impossible.
ほぼミッションインポッシブルでした
modifications within a cell.
変更できませんでした
we can do in a particular cell was five.
最高記録は5つでした
by more than tenfold to achieve that.
増やさなければいけませんでした
and hundreds of trials,
the possibility of this dangerous virus
可能性を除去できるということを
and cloning technology,
ライカを生み出しました
born without PERV.
PERVを持たずに生まれたのです
genetic modification on
more than 30 pigs without PERV,
ブタを30匹以上生み出しました
geno-modified animal living on earth.
遺伝子改変をされた動物かもしれません
動物として初めて周回した
to orbit the earth.
of science and medicine.
導いてくれることを期待しています
who suffer from liver failure
新しい肝臓によって救われ
必要がない世界を
インスリンに頼る必要がなく
on insulin after every meal
with good pancreatic cells
膵臓細胞を私たちが提供する
where patients with kidney failure
世界を想像してください
the burden of dialysis.
作るために努力しています
to tackle the problem
取り組むための道具を
the beginning of our journey.
in front of nature,
過信してはいけません
to be addressed,
anticipate at this point.
to translate the cutting-edge science
of all the patients who are waiting.
救うことは我々の責任です
this is extraordinary work here.
ルハンさん 素晴らしい成果ですね
You've got rid of the virus.
ウイルスは除去できました
trying to get to the point
won't reject a transplant.
complicated process.
とても複雑なプロセスです
the antigen of the pigs.
a lot from cancer.
たくさんあります
or circumvent our immune system
それを回避したりするのかを学び
to not attack the organ.
when do you hope
いつだと思いますか
transplant would happen?
to give you any number.
無責任になってしまいます
We're always irresponsible.
私たちは常に無責任ですよ
for the patients.
that you think it could happen
見通しでも
five years or something?
within one decade.
もちろん願っています
who would be very, very excited at that,
興奮することでしょうね
people here who are going,
something so cute for our benefit."
という人も出てくるでしょう
can save eight people's lives.
ということを考えてください
one kidney from the pig,
とても気を配っています
the unmet medical need
医療ニーズに取り組むことだと思います
if they eat bacon, right?
そのようなことは言えませんよね
LY: Thank you so much.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Luhan Yang - Biologist, geneticistDr. Luhan Yang is the co-founder and chief scientific officer at eGenesis, working to make xenotransplantation a routine medical procedure for the delivery of safe and effective human transplantable cells, tissues and organs.
Why you should listen
With the mission to translate scientific innovation into a life-saving medical procedure, Dr. Luhan Yang is leading a team of world-renowned scientists to leverage CRISPR technology and its potential to deliver safe and effective human transplantable organs to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide who are in dire need.
In the US alone, more than 116,000 people annually are in need of a lifesaving organ transplant, and 20 people die every day waiting for a transplant. To address this issue, scientists have been trying to engineer animal organs for human transplantation for more than 100 years. However, concern for issues such as pig-to-human immunological compatibility and cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) have proven to be two insurmountable obstacles -- until now.
In a breakthrough paper published in Science, Yang and her team demonstrated for the first time the inactivation of PERV to prevent cross-species viral transmission, an important milestone for xenotransplantation. As co-founder and chief scientific officer, Yang has been at the center of eGenesis' success. In addition to recruiting and leading a high-caliber scientific team, she has played an integral role in daily management of the company, business strategy and planning, as well as negotiating with investors for early round funding.
Yang holds BS degrees in biology and psychology from Peking University and a PhD in human biology and translational medicine from Harvard Medical School.
Luhan Yang | Speaker | TED.com