Luhan Yang: How to create a world where no one dies waiting for a transplant
Luhan Yang: Cómo crear un mundo donde nadie muera esperando un trasplante
Dr. Luhan Yang is the co-founder and chief scientific officer at eGenesis, working to make xenotransplantation a routine medical procedure for the delivery of safe and effective human transplantable cells, tissues and organs. Full bio
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a very cute pig.
que una simpática cerdita.
of patients in need of a lifesaving organ
de pacientes en espera de un órgano
became a real option
se transformó en una opción real
and other organ diseases,
y otras enfermedades orgánicas,
empezó a ser un problema.
has exponentially increased.
al aumentar la demanda de órganos
para salvar su vida.
will be added to this list.
will get a new organ,
recibirán un nuevo órgano,
a disturbing social issue.
en un estremecedor problema social.
that desperate patients
pacientes, en su desesperación,
from the cruel black market.
en el cruel mercado negro.
is needed to this crisis.
una solución a este acuciante problema.
to help solve this problem.
para resolver este problema.
that we are on our way there,
que estamos en el camino correcto,
para modificar genes,
a human-transplantable organ
posibilidad de crear un órgano
y de manera segura.
science that makes it happen,
ciencia que lo hace posible,
what xenotransplantation is.
qué es el "xenotrasplante".
animal organs into humans.
órganos de animales en humanos.
with similar size and physiology
tienen un tamaño y una fisiología
have tried hard to make it happen,
todo lo posible por lograrlo,
se presentaron en el camino.
sees a new organ as foreign,
detecta que el nuevo órgano es extraño,
to the organs from the pig,
de los órganos porcinos,
that is benign to the pig,
que es benigno para el animal
endogenous retrovirus (PERV),
endógeno porcino", o PERV,
to cause a viral epidemic similar to HIV.
una epidemia viral similar a la del VIH.
to address these issues,
el problema de manera eficiente,
has been on hold for more than one decade.
estancada durante más de una década.
how I got here today with Laika.
hoy hasta aquí con Laika.
from Emei Mountain in China.
en el monte Emei, China.
in a lot of legendary stories,
en varias historias legendarias,
a strong connection with nature.
siempre fue muy fuerte.
of an ancient Buddhist temple
how my friends and I
cuando con mis amigos
to distract the monkeys
lados para distraer a los monos
to hike through the valley.
caminatas por el valle.
to choose a field of study,
de elegir una carrera,
at Peking University in Beijing.
en la Universidad de Pekín, en Beijing.
be so similar to animals
genética sea tan parecida a los animales
of fighting off so many pathogens
para defenderse de tantos patógenos
atacarnos a nosotros mismos?
but you know I'm a scientist.
pero recuerden que soy científica.
I didn't want to just ask the questions,
limitarme a tan solo hacer preguntas.
en la Universidad de Harvard
empecé a estudiar y experimentar
with the genetic makeup of mammals.
de los mamíferos.
took me closer to Laika.
que me acercó a Laika.
made changes in a human cell
hicimos alteraciones en una célula humana
of such a tool in changing our DNA.
para cambiar nuestro ADN.
in scientific discovery.
en el descubrimiento científico.
has two components.
genes se compone de dos elementos.
llamadas "enzima CRISPR"
un "ARN guía".
with a microscope.
genéticas con un microscopio.
to the place we want to cut
en el sitio que deseamos cortar
and repairs the DNA in the way we want.
y repara el ADN como queremos.
were intrigued by the medical applications
quisieron conocer las aplicaciones médicas
the potential to use CRISPR
a ver el potencial de CRISPR
de la escasez de órganos.
in a pig's cell to make it virus-free
de cerdo para que esté libre de virus
inmunológico humano.
is then implanted into a pig egg
luego en el óvulo de una cerda
para formar el embrión.
into the uterus of a surrogate mother
de una madre sustituta
whose genetic makeup
nacido tienen una carga genética
by the human immune system.
inmunitario del ser humano.
the viral transmission problem first.
antes el problema de la transmisión viral.
all 62 copies of the PERV virus
las 62 copias del virus PERV
it was nearly mission impossible.
casi una misión imposible.
modifications within a cell.
modificaciones dentro de la célula.
we can do in a particular cell was five.
que hicimos en una célula fue cinco.
by more than tenfold to achieve that.
multiplicar esa cantidad por diez.
and hundreds of trials,
y cientos de ensayos,
estudios demostraron
the possibility of this dangerous virus
de que este peligroso virus
and cloning technology,
y con tecnología de clonación,
produjo a Laika,
born without PERV.
nacida libre de PERV.
el primer paso fundamental
genetic modification on
modificaciones genéticas
more than 30 pigs without PERV,
de 30 cerdos libres de PERV,
geno-modified animal living on earth.
genéticamente modificados
por la perra soviética,
to orbit the earth.
of science and medicine.
de la ciencia y la medicina.
who suffer from liver failure
los pacientes con insuficiencia hepática
que padecen de diabetes
on insulin after every meal
luego de cada comida
with good pancreatic cells
células pancreáticas sanas
where patients with kidney failure
con insuficiencia renal
the burden of dialysis.
a la tan incómoda diálisis.
por crear un mundo así,
to tackle the problem
para abordar un problema
the beginning of our journey.
el comienzo de nuestro viaje.
in front of nature,
humilde frente a la naturaleza,
to be addressed,
anticipate at this point.
to translate the cutting-edge science
de aplicar la ciencia de avanzada
of all the patients who are waiting.
de los pacientes en lista de espera.
this is extraordinary work here.
un trabajo extraordinario.
You've got rid of the virus.
Ya eliminaron el virus.
trying to get to the point
won't reject a transplant.
no rechace un trasplante.
complicated process.
the antigen of the pigs.
a lot from cancer.
or circumvent our immune system
o eludir nuestro sistema inmunológico
to not attack the organ.
y que de este modo no ataque al órgano.
when do you hope
transplant would happen?
trasplantes exitosos?
to give you any number.
si te diera algún plazo.
We're always irresponsible.
somos irresponsables.
for the patients.
en beneficio de los pacientes.
that you think it could happen
o de unos cinco años?
five years or something?
within one decade.
posible dentro de la década.
deben estar muy esperanzados
who would be very, very excited at that,
people here who are going,
explotar animales tan bonitos
something so cute for our benefit."
can save eight people's lives.
salvar la vida de ocho personas.
one kidney from the pig,
muy conscientes al respecto,
the unmet medical need
suplir la necesidad médica insatisfecha
if they eat bacon, right?
objetar nada si come tocino, ¿verdad?
LY: Thank you so much.
LY: Gracias a ti.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Luhan Yang - Biologist, geneticistDr. Luhan Yang is the co-founder and chief scientific officer at eGenesis, working to make xenotransplantation a routine medical procedure for the delivery of safe and effective human transplantable cells, tissues and organs.
Why you should listen
With the mission to translate scientific innovation into a life-saving medical procedure, Dr. Luhan Yang is leading a team of world-renowned scientists to leverage CRISPR technology and its potential to deliver safe and effective human transplantable organs to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide who are in dire need.
In the US alone, more than 116,000 people annually are in need of a lifesaving organ transplant, and 20 people die every day waiting for a transplant. To address this issue, scientists have been trying to engineer animal organs for human transplantation for more than 100 years. However, concern for issues such as pig-to-human immunological compatibility and cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) have proven to be two insurmountable obstacles -- until now.
In a breakthrough paper published in Science, Yang and her team demonstrated for the first time the inactivation of PERV to prevent cross-species viral transmission, an important milestone for xenotransplantation. As co-founder and chief scientific officer, Yang has been at the center of eGenesis' success. In addition to recruiting and leading a high-caliber scientific team, she has played an integral role in daily management of the company, business strategy and planning, as well as negotiating with investors for early round funding.
Yang holds BS degrees in biology and psychology from Peking University and a PhD in human biology and translational medicine from Harvard Medical School.
Luhan Yang | Speaker | TED.com