TEDWomen 2010
Amber Case: We are all cyborgs now
Amber Case: Svi smo kiborzi sada
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Tehnologija nas evoluira, kaže Amber Case, jer postajemo nova verzija homo sapiensa koja bulji u ekrane i pritišće dugmiće. Sada se oslanjamo na "eksterne mozgove" (mobilne telefone i kompjutere) da bi komunicirali, pamtili i čak proživljavali sekundarne živote. Ali hoće li nas ove mašine na kraju spojiti ili pokoriti? Case nam nudi iznenađujući uvid u naše unutrašnje kiborge.
Amber Case - Cyborg Anthropologist
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I would like to tell you all
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Htjela bih vam svima reći
00:17
that you are all actually cyborgs,
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da ste svi u stvarnosti kiborzi,
00:21
but not the cyborgs that you think.
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ali ne kiborzi na kakve mislite.
00:23
You're not RoboCop, and you're not Terminator,
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Niste RoboCop, i niste Terminator,
00:26
but you're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen
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ali ste kiborg svaki put kada pogledate kompjuterski ekran
00:28
or use one of your cell phone devices.
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ili koristite jedan od vaših mobilnih telefona.
00:31
So what's a good definition for cyborg?
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Pa šta je onda dobra definicija kiborga?
00:33
Well, traditional definition is "an organism
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Tradicionalna definicija je organizam
00:35
to which exogenous components have been added
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"kome su dodane vanjske komponente
00:37
for the purpose of adapting to new environments."
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u svrhu adaptiranja novim okolinama."
00:39
That came from a 1960 paper on space travel,
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Ta definicija je iz eseja o putovanju u svemir iz 1960.
00:42
because, if you think about it, space is pretty awkward.
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Jer, ako razmislite o tome, svemir je prilično neugodan;
00:44
People aren't supposed to be there.
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ljudi ne bi trebali biti tamo.
00:46
But humans are curious, and they like to add things to their bodies
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Ali ljudska bića su znatiželjna, i vole dodavati stvari svojim tijelima
00:49
so they can go to the Alps one day
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da bi mogli otići na Alpe jedan dan
00:51
and then become a fish in the sea the next.
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i onda postati riba u moru sljedeći.
00:53
So let's look at the concept of traditional anthropology.
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Pogledajmo koncept tradicionalne antropologije.
00:56
Somebody goes to another country,
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Neko ode u drugu zemlju,
00:58
says, "How fascinating these people are, how interesting their tools are,
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kaže, "Kako su ovi ljudi fascinantni, kako su im alati interesantni,
01:01
how curious their culture is."
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kako im je kultura čudna."
01:03
And then they write a paper, and maybe a few other anthropologists read it,
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I onda napišu esej, možda ga nekoliko drugih antropologa pročita,
01:06
and we think it's very exotic.
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i mislimo da je to jako egzotično.
01:08
Well, what's happening
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Pa, ono što se dešava
01:11
is that we've suddenly found a new species.
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je da smo odjednom otkrili novu vrstu.
01:14
I, as a cyborg anthropologist, have suddenly said,
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Ja, kao antropolog kiborga, sam odjednom rekla,
01:16
"Oh, wow. Now suddenly we're a new form of Homo sapiens,
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"O, vau. Odjednom smo novi oblik homo sapiensa.
01:19
and look at these fascinating cultures,
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I pogledaj ove fascinirajuće kulture.
01:21
and look at these curious rituals
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I ove začuđujuće rituale
01:23
that everybody's doing around this technology.
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koje svi obavljaju oko ove tehnologije.
01:25
They're clicking on things and staring at screens."
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Oni klikaju na stvari i bulje u ekrane."
01:28
Now there's a reason why I study this,
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Postoji razlog zašto proučavam ovo,
01:30
versus traditional anthropology.
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umjesto tradicionalne antropologije.
01:32
And the reason is that tool use,
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I razlog je taj što upotreba oruđa,
01:34
in the beginning -- for thousands and thousands of years,
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na početku, hiljadama i hiljadama godina posle,
01:37
everything has been a physical modification of self.
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sve je bilo fizička modifikacija sebe.
01:40
It has helped us to extend our physical selves,
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To nam je pomoglo da produžimo fizičku stranu sebe,
01:42
go faster, hit things harder,
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krećemo se brže, udaramo stvari jače,
01:44
and there's been a limit on that.
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i postoji granica na tome.
01:46
But now what we're looking at is not an extension of the physical self,
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Ali ovo što posmatramo sada nije produžetak naših fizičkih bića,
01:49
but an extension of the mental self,
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nego produžetak naše mentalne strane.
01:51
and because of that, we're able to travel faster,
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Zbog toga, sposobni smo putovati brže,
01:53
communicate differently.
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komunicirati drugačije.
01:55
And the other thing that happens
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Druga stvar koja se desi
01:57
is that we're all carrying around little Mary Poppins technology.
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je da svi nosimo sa sobom malu Mary Poppins tehnologiju.
02:00
We can put anything we want into it, and it doesn't get heavier,
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Možemo staviti što želimo u nju, i ona ne postaje teža,
02:03
and then we can take anything out.
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a onda možemo izvaditi što god želimo.
02:05
What does the inside of your computer actually look like?
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Kako ustvari izgleda sadržaj vašeg kompjutera?
02:07
Well, if you print it out, it looks like a thousand pounds of material
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Pa, ako ga isprintate, on izgleda kao petsto kilograma materijala
02:10
that you're carrying around all the time.
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koji nosite sa sobom u svako vrijeme.
02:12
And if you actually lose that information,
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I ako izgubite te podatke,
02:15
it means that you suddenly have this loss in your mind,
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to znači da imate taj gubitak u vašem umu,
02:18
that you suddenly feel like something's missing,
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odjednom se osjećate kao da nešto nedostaje,
02:21
except you aren't able to see it, so it feels like a very strange emotion.
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osim što ga ne možete vidjeti, pa se to čini kao vrlo čudna emocija.
02:24
The other thing that happens is that you have a second self.
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Druga stvar koja se dogodi je da imate drugog sebe.
02:27
Whether you like it or not, you're starting to show up online,
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Sviđalo vam se ili ne, počinjete se pojavljivati na internetu,
02:29
and people are interacting with your second self
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i ljudi opće s vašim drugim ja
02:31
when you're not there.
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i kad vi niste tamo.
02:33
And so you have to be careful
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Zato morate biti pažljivi
02:35
about leaving your front lawn open,
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s ostavljanjem svojih prvih redova otvorenim,
02:37
which is basically your Facebook wall,
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što je, u osnovi, vaš Facebook zid,
02:39
so that people don't write on it in the middle of the night --
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zato da ljudi ne bi pisali po njemu u sred noći --
02:41
because it's very much the equivalent.
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pošto je to postalo jako slično.
02:43
And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.
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Odjednom moramo održavati naš drugi život.
02:46
You have to present yourself in digital life
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Morate se predstaviti u svom digitalnom životu
02:48
in a similar way that you would in your analog life.
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na sličan način na koji biste to uradili u vašem analognom životu.
02:51
So, in the same way that you wake up, take a shower and get dressed,
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Pa, na isti način na koji vi ustanete, otuširate se i obučete,
02:54
you have to learn to do that for your digital self.
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morate naučiti to raditi za svoje digitalno ja.
02:56
And the problem is that a lot of people now,
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I problem je u tome da mnogo ljudi sada,
02:58
especially adolescents,
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posebno adolescenti,
03:00
have to go through two adolescences.
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moraju proći kroz dva puberteta.
03:02
They have to go through their primary one, that's already awkward,
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Moraju proći primarni, i to je već neugodno,
03:05
and then they go through their second self's adolescence,
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a onda moraju proći kroz pubertet svog drugog sebe.
03:07
and that's even more awkward
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I to je još neugodnije,
03:09
because there's an actual history
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pošto postoji stvarna historija
03:12
of what they've gone through online.
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stvari kroz koje su prošli na internetu.
03:14
And anybody coming in new to technology
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Neko kome je ta tehnologija nova,
03:16
is an adolescent online right now,
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je adolescent na internetu, sada.
03:18
and so it's very awkward,
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I zato je vrlo neugodno
03:20
and it's very difficult for them to do those things.
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i vrlo im je teško činiti te stvari.
03:23
So when I was little, my dad would sit me down at night and he would say,
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Kada sam bila mala, otac bi me posjeo navečer i rekao,
03:25
"I'm going to teach you about time and space in the future."
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"Naučiti ću te o vremenu i prostoru u budućnosti."
03:27
And I said, "Great."
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A ja bih rekla, "Odlično."
03:29
And he said one day, "What's the shortest distance between two points?"
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Jednog dana me pitao, "Koja je najkraća udaljenost između dvije tačke?"
03:31
And I said, "Well, that's a straight line. You told me that yesterday."
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Ja sam rekla, "Ravna linija. Rekao si mi to jučer.
03:34
I thought I was very clever.
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Mislila sam da je to jako pametno."
03:36
He said, "No, no, no. Here's a better way."
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On je rekao, "Ne, ne, ne. Evo ti bolji način."
03:39
He took a piece of paper,
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Uzeo je komad papira,
03:41
drew A and B on one side and the other
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nacrtao tačke A i B na jednom i drugom kraju
03:43
and folded them together so where A and B touched.
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i savio papir tako da su se A i B dodirivali.
03:46
And he said, "That is the shortest distance between two points."
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I rekao je, "To je najkraća udaljenost između dvije tačke."
03:49
And I said, "Dad, dad, dad, how do you do that?"
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Ja sam rekla, "Tata, tata, kako se to radi?"
03:51
He said, "Well, you just bend time and space,
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On reče, "Pa, samo saviješ vrijeme i prostor,
03:53
it takes an awful lot of energy,
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za to je potrebno jako puno energije,
03:55
and that's just how you do it."
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i tako se to radi."
03:57
And I said, "I want to do that."
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Ja rekoh, "Želim to raditi."
03:59
And he said, "Well, okay."
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On reče, "Pa, uredu."
04:01
And so, when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years,
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I tako, kad god bih krenula na spavanje sljedećih 10 ili 20 godina,
04:04
I was thinking at night,
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razmišljala sam po noći,
04:06
"I want to be the first person to create a wormhole,
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"Želim biti prva osoba koja će napraviti crvotočinu,
04:08
to make things accelerate faster.
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koja će natjerati stvari da ubrzavaju brže.
04:10
And I want to make a time machine."
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I želim napraviti vremeplov."
04:12
I was always sending messages to my future self
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Uvijek sam slala poruke budućoj sebi
04:14
using tape recorders.
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koristeći diktafone.
04:19
But then what I realized when I went to college
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Ali ono što sam shvatila kada sam krenula na fakultet
04:21
is that technology doesn't just get adopted
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ja da se tehnologija ne usvoji
04:23
because it works.
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zato što radi;
04:25
It gets adopted because people use it
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ona se usvoji jer je ljudi koriste
04:27
and it's made for humans.
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i napravljena je za ljude.
04:29
So I started studying anthropology.
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I zato sam počela studirati antropologiju.
04:31
And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones,
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I kada sam pisala svoju tezu o mobilnim telefonima,
04:33
I realized that everyone was carrying around wormholes in their pockets.
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shvatila sam da su svi nosili crvotočine u džepovima.
04:36
They weren't physically transporting themselves;
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Nisu se transportirali fizički,
04:38
they were mentally transporting themselves.
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oni su se transportirali mentalno.
04:40
They would click on a button,
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Pritisnuli bi dugme,
04:42
and they would be connected as A to B immediately.
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i odmah bi bili spojeni kao tačke A i B.
04:45
And I thought, "Oh, wow. I found it. This is great."
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Pomislila sam, "O, vau. Otkrila sam to. Ovo je super."
04:47
So over time, time and space
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Kako vrijeme prolazi, vrijeme i prostor
04:49
have compressed because of this.
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su se kompresovali zbog ovoga.
04:51
You can stand on one side of the world,
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Možete stajati na jednom kraju svijeta,
04:53
whisper something and be heard on the other.
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šapnuti nešto što će se čuti na drugom kraju.
04:55
One of the other ideas that comes around
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Još jedna ideja koja se pojavi
04:57
is that you have a different type of time on every single device that you use.
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je da imate drugu vrstu vremena na svakom uređaju koji koristite.
05:00
Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.
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Svaki prozor u browseru vam daje drugačije vrijeme.
05:03
And because of that, you start to dig around
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Zbog toga počnete roviti
05:05
for your external memories -- where did you leave them?
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u potrazi za vašim eksternim sjećanjima -- gdje ste ih ostavili?
05:07
So now we're all these paleontologists
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Sada smo svi paleontolozi
05:09
that are digging for things that we've lost
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koji kopaju u potrazi za stvarima koje smo izgubili
05:11
on our external brains that we're carrying around in our pockets.
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na našim eksternim mozgovima koje nosimo u džepu.
05:14
And that incites a sort of panic architecture --
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To stvara jednu vrstu arhitekture panike.
05:16
"Oh no, where's this thing?"
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O ne, gdje sam ostavio ono?
05:18
We're all "I Love Lucy" on a great assembly line of information,
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Svi smo mi "Ja volim Lucy" na velikoj tvorničkoj traci informacija,
05:21
and we can't keep up.
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i nismo sposobni stići sve to.
05:24
And so what happens is,
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Ono što se desi je,
05:26
when we bring all that into the social space,
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kada unesemo sve to u društveni prostor,
05:28
we end up checking our phones all the time.
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počnemo konstantno provjeravati svoje telefone.
05:30
So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.
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Tako imamo nešto što se zove ambijentalna intima.
05:32
It's not that we're always connected to everybody,
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Nije da smo uvijek povezani sa svima,
05:34
but at anytime we can connect to anyone we want.
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ali možemo se u bilo koje vrijeme povezati s kim god želimo.
05:37
And if you were able to print out everybody in your cell phone,
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I da možete isprintati sviju iz vašeg mobitela,
05:39
the room would be very crowded.
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u sobi bi bila velika gužva.
05:41
These are the people that you have access to right now, in general --
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To su ljudi kojima imate pristup baš sada, općenito --
05:44
all of these people, all of your friends and family that you can connect to.
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svi ti ljudi, svi vaši prijatelji i porodica s kojima možete biti povezani.
05:47
And so there are some psychological effects that happen with this.
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Postoje neki psihološki efekti koji se dese s ovim.
05:50
One I'm really worried about
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Jedan koji me ozbiljno zabrinjava
05:52
is that people aren't taking time for mental reflection anymore,
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je da ljudi više ne uzimaju vrijeme za razmišljanje,
05:55
and that they aren't slowing down and stopping,
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i ne usporavaju i ne prestaju,
05:57
being around all those people in the room all the time
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biti pored svih tih ljudi koji su u sobi stalno,
05:59
that are trying to compete for their attention
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koji se takmiče za njihovu pažnju
06:01
on the simultaneous time interfaces,
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na simultanim vremenskim sučeljima,
06:03
paleontology and panic architecture.
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paleontologija i arhitektura panike.
06:05
They're not just sitting there.
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Oni nikad samo ne sjede.
06:07
And really, when you have no external input,
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U stvarnosti, kad nemate eksternih ulaza podataka,
06:10
that is a time when there is a creation of self,
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to je vrijeme kada stvarate sebe,
06:12
when you can do long-term planning,
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kada možete dugoročno planirati,
06:14
when you can try and figure out who you really are.
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kada možete pokušati shvatiti ko ste vi zaista.
06:17
And then, once you do that, you can figure out
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I onda, kada to uradite, možete smisliti
06:19
how to present your second self in a legitimate way,
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kako da predstavite svoje drugo ja na legitiman način,
06:21
instead of just dealing with everything as it comes in --
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umjesto da se samo nosite sa svime kako se pojavljuje --
06:23
and oh, I have to do this, and I have to do this, and I have to do this.
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i o, moram uraditi ovo, i moram uraditi ovo, i moram uraditi ovo.
06:26
And so this is very important.
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Zato je ovo jako bitno.
06:28
I'm really worried that, especially kids today,
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Zaista sam zabrinuta da, pogotovo današnja djeca,
06:30
they're not going to be dealing with this down-time,
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neće imati to slobodno vrijeme,
06:33
that they have an instantaneous button-clicking culture,
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da imaju instant kulturu klikanja na dugmiće,
06:35
and that everything comes to them,
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i da sve dođe njima,
06:37
and that they become very excited about it and very addicted to it.
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i onda postaju jako uzbuđeni oko toga i jako ovisni o tome.
06:40
So if you think about it, the world hasn't stopped either.
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Ako razmislite, ni svijet nije stao.
06:43
It has its own external prosthetic devices,
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Svijet ima svoje eksterne proteze,
06:45
and these devices are helping us all
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i ti uređaji nam svima pomažu
06:47
to communicate and interact with each other.
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da komuniciramo i općimo jedni s drugima.
06:49
But when you actually visualize it,
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Ali kad to vizualizirate,
06:51
all the connections that we're doing right now --
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sve veze koje stvaramo sada --
06:53
this is an image of the mapping of the Internet --
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ovo je slika mape interneta --
06:56
it doesn't look technological.
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ona ne izgleda tehnološki;
06:58
It actually looks very organic.
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čak izgleda vrlo organski.
07:00
This is the first time in the entire history of humanity
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Ovo je prvi put u cijeloj istoriji čovječanstva
07:03
that we've connected in this way.
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da smo povezani ovako.
07:06
And it's not that machines are taking over.
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Nije stvar u tome da mašine preuzimaju;
07:09
It's that they're helping us to be more human,
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stvar je u tome da nam pomažu da budemo više ljudski,
07:11
helping us to connect with each other.
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pomažu nam da se povežemo jedni s drugima.
07:13
The most successful technology gets out of the way
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Najuspješnija tehnologija nam se skloni s puta
07:16
and helps us live our lives.
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i pomaže nam da živimo svoje živote.
07:18
And really,
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U stvarnosti,
07:20
it ends up being more human than technology,
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na kraju ona postane više ljudska nego tehnološka,
07:23
because we're co-creating each other all the time.
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jer svi zajednički stvaramo jedni druge sve vrijeme.
07:25
And so this is the important point that I like to study:
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Ovo je bitna tačka koju volim proučavati:
07:28
that things are beautiful, that it's still a human connection --
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da su stvari prelijepe, da je sve to još uvijek ljudska povezanost;
07:31
it's just done in a different way.
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samo na drugi način.
07:33
We're just increasing our humanness
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Samo povećavamo svoju ljudskost
07:35
and our ability to connect with each other, regardless of geography.
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i svoju sposobnost da se povežemo jedni s drugima, neovisno o geografiji.
07:38
So that's why I study cyborg anthropology.
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I zato ja proučavam antropologiju kiborga.
07:40
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amber Case - Cyborg AnthropologistAmber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology.
Why you should listen
Amber Case is a cyborg anthropologist, examining the way humans and technology interact and evolve together. Like all anthropologists, Case watches people, but her fieldwork involves observing how they participate in digital networks, analyzing the various ways we project our personalities, communicate, work, play, share ideas and even form values. Case founded Geoloqi.com, a private location-sharing application, out of a frustration with existing social protocols around text messaging and wayfinding.
Case, who predicts that intensification of the human-technology interface will quickly reduce the distance between individual and community, believes that the convergence of technologies will bring about unprecedented rapid learning and communication. Dubbed a digital philosopher, Case applies her findings to such fields as information architecture, usability and online productivity. She’s currently working on a book about using anthropological techniques to understand industry ecosystems.
Amber Case | Speaker | TED.com