TEDWomen 2010
Amber Case: We are all cyborgs now
Amber Case: Svi smo sada kiborzi
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Tehnologija nas evoluira, kaže Amber Case, i postajemo nova verzija homo sapiensa koja zuri u ekrane i pritišće tipke. Danas se oslanjamo na "vanjske mozgove" (mobitele i računala) da bismo komunicirali, pamtili, pa čak i živjeli sekundarne živote. No, hoće li nas ti strojevi u konačnici povezati ili poraziti? Caseova nudi iznenađujući uvid u naše kiborško ja.
Amber Case - Cyborg Anthropologist
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I would like to tell you all
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Želim vam svima reći
00:17
that you are all actually cyborgs,
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da ste svi zapravo kiborzi,
00:21
but not the cyborgs that you think.
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ali ne kiborzi na način na koji to mislite.
00:23
You're not RoboCop, and you're not Terminator,
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Niste RoboCop, a niste ni Terminator,
00:26
but you're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen
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ali ste kiborzi kad god gledate u računalni monitor
00:28
or use one of your cell phone devices.
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ili rabite neki od svojih mobitela.
00:31
So what's a good definition for cyborg?
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Koja je, dakle, dobra definicija kiborga?
00:33
Well, traditional definition is "an organism
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Tradicionalna definicija kaže da se radi o organizmu
00:35
to which exogenous components have been added
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"kojemu su dodane egzogene komponente
00:37
for the purpose of adapting to new environments."
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s ciljem prilagodbe na novo okružje."
00:39
That came from a 1960 paper on space travel,
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Definicija je iz rada na temu svemirskih putovanja iz 1960.
00:42
because, if you think about it, space is pretty awkward.
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Jer, ako razmislite, svemir je prilično čudan;
00:44
People aren't supposed to be there.
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ljudi ne bi trebali biti ondje.
00:46
But humans are curious, and they like to add things to their bodies
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Ali ljudi su znatiželjni i vole svojem tijelu dodati nešto
00:49
so they can go to the Alps one day
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kako bi jedan dan mogli otići u Alpe
00:51
and then become a fish in the sea the next.
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a sljedeći dan postati riba u moru.
00:53
So let's look at the concept of traditional anthropology.
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Pogledajmo stoga koncept tradicionalne antropologije.
00:56
Somebody goes to another country,
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Netko ode u stranu zemlju,
00:58
says, "How fascinating these people are, how interesting their tools are,
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kaže, "Kako su fascinantni ovi ljudi, kakve zanimljive alate koriste,
01:01
how curious their culture is."
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kako im je kultura zanimljiva."
01:03
And then they write a paper, and maybe a few other anthropologists read it,
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I zatim napišu rad, možda ga nekolicina drugih antropologa pročita,
01:06
and we think it's very exotic.
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i mi mislimo da je to vrlo egzotično.
01:08
Well, what's happening
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No, ono što se dogodilo
01:11
is that we've suddenly found a new species.
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je to da smo iznenada otkrili novu vrstu.
01:14
I, as a cyborg anthropologist, have suddenly said,
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Ja, kao antropolog kiborg, iznenada sam rekla,
01:16
"Oh, wow. Now suddenly we're a new form of Homo sapiens,
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"O-ho. Sad smo odjednom nova vrsta homo sapiensa.
01:19
and look at these fascinating cultures,
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Pogledajte te fascinantne kulture.
01:21
and look at these curious rituals
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Pogledajte te zanimljive rituale
01:23
that everybody's doing around this technology.
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koje svatko obavlja s ovom tehnologijom.
01:25
They're clicking on things and staring at screens."
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Oni klikaju na stvari i zure u ekrane."
01:28
Now there's a reason why I study this,
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Postoji razlog zašto ja izučavam ovo,
01:30
versus traditional anthropology.
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umjesto tradicionalne antropologije.
01:32
And the reason is that tool use,
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Razlog je u korištenju alata,
01:34
in the beginning -- for thousands and thousands of years,
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u početku, tisućama i tisućama godina,
01:37
everything has been a physical modification of self.
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sve je bilo fizička dopuna nas samih.
01:40
It has helped us to extend our physical selves,
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Pomoglo nam je da proširimo naše fizičko ja,
01:42
go faster, hit things harder,
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krećemo se brže, udaramo jače,
01:44
and there's been a limit on that.
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a tome postoje granice.
01:46
But now what we're looking at is not an extension of the physical self,
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No ono što sada promatramo nije proširenje našeg fizičkog ja,
01:49
but an extension of the mental self,
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već proširenje našeg mentalnog ja.
01:51
and because of that, we're able to travel faster,
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I zbog toga smo u stanju putovati brže,
01:53
communicate differently.
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komunicirati drukčije.
01:55
And the other thing that happens
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A drugo što se zbiva je to
01:57
is that we're all carrying around little Mary Poppins technology.
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da svi nosimo uokolo malenu Mary Poppins tehnologiju.
02:00
We can put anything we want into it, and it doesn't get heavier,
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Možemo u nju staviti što god želimo i time ne postaje teža,
02:03
and then we can take anything out.
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a zatim možemo bilo što i izvaditi.
02:05
What does the inside of your computer actually look like?
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Kako stvarno izgleda unutrašnjost vašeg računala?
02:07
Well, if you print it out, it looks like a thousand pounds of material
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Pa, ako je isprintate izgleda kao stotine kilograma materijala
02:10
that you're carrying around all the time.
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kojeg posvuda nosite cijelo vrijeme.
02:12
And if you actually lose that information,
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I ako se dogodi da izgubite te informacije,
02:15
it means that you suddenly have this loss in your mind,
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znači da odjednom osjećate gubitak u svom umu,
02:18
that you suddenly feel like something's missing,
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da odjednom osjećate da nešto nedostaje,
02:21
except you aren't able to see it, so it feels like a very strange emotion.
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osim što to ne možete vidjeti, pa doživljavate vrlo neobičnu emociju.
02:24
The other thing that happens is that you have a second self.
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Drugo što se događa je to da imate svoje drugo ja.
02:27
Whether you like it or not, you're starting to show up online,
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Voljeli vi to ili ne, počinjete se pokazivati online,
02:29
and people are interacting with your second self
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i ljudi su u interakciji s vašim drugim ja
02:31
when you're not there.
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i kad niste tamo.
02:33
And so you have to be careful
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Zato morate biti oprezni
02:35
about leaving your front lawn open,
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kad ostavljate svoju prvu liniju otvorenom,
02:37
which is basically your Facebook wall,
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a ona je, u suštini, vaš zid na Facebooku,
02:39
so that people don't write on it in the middle of the night --
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kako ljudi ne bi po njemu pisali usred noći --
02:41
because it's very much the equivalent.
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jer je to prikladan ekvivalent.
02:43
And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.
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I odjednom, moramo voditi brigu o našem drugom ja.
02:46
You have to present yourself in digital life
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Morate se predstaviti u digitalnom životu
02:48
in a similar way that you would in your analog life.
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na sličan način na koji biste se predstavili u analognom.
02:51
So, in the same way that you wake up, take a shower and get dressed,
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Na isti način na koji ustajete, tuširate se i oblačite,
02:54
you have to learn to do that for your digital self.
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morate to naučiti i za svoje digitalno ja.
02:56
And the problem is that a lot of people now,
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Teškoća je u tome što mnogi ljudi danas,
02:58
especially adolescents,
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naročito adolescenti,
03:00
have to go through two adolescences.
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moraju proći kroz dva puberteta.
03:02
They have to go through their primary one, that's already awkward,
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Moraju proći kroz primarni pubertet, koji je već neobičan,
03:05
and then they go through their second self's adolescence,
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a zatim moraju proći kroz pubertet svoga drugog ja.
03:07
and that's even more awkward
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A on je još neobičniji
03:09
because there's an actual history
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jer postoji zabilježena povijest
03:12
of what they've gone through online.
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onoga kroz što su prošli na mreži.
03:14
And anybody coming in new to technology
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I svatko tko ulazi kao novak u tehnologiju,
03:16
is an adolescent online right now,
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je sada adolescent na internetu.
03:18
and so it's very awkward,
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Zato je njima vrlo čudno,
03:20
and it's very difficult for them to do those things.
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i vrlo teško činiti sve to.
03:23
So when I was little, my dad would sit me down at night and he would say,
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Kad sam bila mala, tata bi me noću posjeo i rekao,
03:25
"I'm going to teach you about time and space in the future."
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"Naučit ću te o vremenu i prostoru u budućnosti."
03:27
And I said, "Great."
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Rekla sam, "Sjajno."
03:29
And he said one day, "What's the shortest distance between two points?"
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I jednoga dana je rekao, "Koja je najkraća udaljenost između dvije točke?"
03:31
And I said, "Well, that's a straight line. You told me that yesterday."
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Rekla sam, "No, ravna linija. Jučer si mi to rekao.
03:34
I thought I was very clever.
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Mislila sam da sam vrlo pametna."
03:36
He said, "No, no, no. Here's a better way."
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Rekao je, "Ne, ne, ne. Postoji bolji način."
03:39
He took a piece of paper,
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Uzeo je list papira,
03:41
drew A and B on one side and the other
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nacrtao na svakoj strani A i B
03:43
and folded them together so where A and B touched.
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i presavinuo papir tako da se A i B dodiruju.
03:46
And he said, "That is the shortest distance between two points."
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I rekao, "To je najkraća udaljenost između dvije točke."
03:49
And I said, "Dad, dad, dad, how do you do that?"
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Rekla sam, "Tata, tata, tata, kako se to može postići?"
03:51
He said, "Well, you just bend time and space,
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Rekao je, "Pa, moraš saviti vrijeme i prostor,
03:53
it takes an awful lot of energy,
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za to je potrebno strašno puno energije,
03:55
and that's just how you do it."
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i tako se to postiže."
03:57
And I said, "I want to do that."
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Rekla sam, "Želim to napraviti."
03:59
And he said, "Well, okay."
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Rekao je, "Pa, dobro."
04:01
And so, when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years,
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I tako, kad bih pošla spavati u idućih 10 ili 20 godina,
04:04
I was thinking at night,
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mislila sam noću,
04:06
"I want to be the first person to create a wormhole,
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"Želim biti prva osoba koja će stvoriti crvotočinu,
04:08
to make things accelerate faster.
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kako bi stvari mogle brže ubrzavati.
04:10
And I want to make a time machine."
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I želim napraviti vremenski stroj."
04:12
I was always sending messages to my future self
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Uvijek sam slala poruke mojem budućem ja
04:14
using tape recorders.
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pomoću kazetofona.
04:19
But then what I realized when I went to college
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Ali odlaskom na fakultet sam shvatila
04:21
is that technology doesn't just get adopted
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da se tehnologija ne usvaja
04:23
because it works.
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zato što funkcionira;
04:25
It gets adopted because people use it
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usvaja se zato što je ljudi koriste
04:27
and it's made for humans.
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i što je napravljena za ljude.
04:29
So I started studying anthropology.
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Pa sam počela studirati antropologiju.
04:31
And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones,
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Kad sam pisala svoj rad o mobitelima,
04:33
I realized that everyone was carrying around wormholes in their pockets.
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shvatila sam da svi sa sobom nose crvotočine u džepu.
04:36
They weren't physically transporting themselves;
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Nisu se fizički transportirali,
04:38
they were mentally transporting themselves.
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transportirali su se mentalno.
04:40
They would click on a button,
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Kliknuli bi na tipku
04:42
and they would be connected as A to B immediately.
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i bili smjesta spojeni, kao A i B.
04:45
And I thought, "Oh, wow. I found it. This is great."
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Mislila sam, "Oho, otkrila sam je. Ovo je sjajno."
04:47
So over time, time and space
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I tako su se s vremenom, vrijeme i prostor
04:49
have compressed because of this.
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sabili zbog ovoga.
04:51
You can stand on one side of the world,
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Možete stajati na jednom kraju svijeta,
04:53
whisper something and be heard on the other.
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prošaptati nešto i čut će vas na drugom.
04:55
One of the other ideas that comes around
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Jedna od drugih ideja koje dolaze
04:57
is that you have a different type of time on every single device that you use.
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je ta da imate različitu vrstu vremena na svakom pojedinom uređaju.
05:00
Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.
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Svaka pojedina kartica u pretraživaču daje vam drugu vrstu vremena.
05:03
And because of that, you start to dig around
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I zbog toga počinjete čeprkati
05:05
for your external memories -- where did you leave them?
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tražeći svoje vanjske memorije - gdje ste ih ostavili?
05:07
So now we're all these paleontologists
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Pa smo sada svi paleontolozi
05:09
that are digging for things that we've lost
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koji kopaju za stvarima koje smo izgubili
05:11
on our external brains that we're carrying around in our pockets.
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na vanjskim mozgovima koje nosimo sa sobom u džepovima.
05:14
And that incites a sort of panic architecture --
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A to izaziva svojevrsnu arhitekturu panike.
05:16
"Oh no, where's this thing?"
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O, ne, gdje je ta stvar?
05:18
We're all "I Love Lucy" on a great assembly line of information,
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Svi smo mi "Volim Lucy" na velikoj pokretnoj traci informacija,
05:21
and we can't keep up.
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i ne možemo pratiti taj tempo.
05:24
And so what happens is,
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Zato, ono što se događa je to
05:26
when we bring all that into the social space,
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da kad sve to unesemo u naš društveni prostor,
05:28
we end up checking our phones all the time.
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završimo tako da provjeravamo mobitele cijelo vrijeme.
05:30
So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.
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Imamo nešto što zovemo ambijentalna intimnost.
05:32
It's not that we're always connected to everybody,
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Nismo neprekidno spojeni sa svima,
05:34
but at anytime we can connect to anyone we want.
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ali u bilo koje doba možemo se spojiti s kim god želimo.
05:37
And if you were able to print out everybody in your cell phone,
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I kad biste mogli isprintati svakoga iz vašeg mobitela,
05:39
the room would be very crowded.
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u sobi bi nastala velika gužva.
05:41
These are the people that you have access to right now, in general --
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To su ljudi do kojih odmah imate pristup, općenito --
05:44
all of these people, all of your friends and family that you can connect to.
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svi ti ljudi, svi vaši prijatelji i obitelj s kojom se možete povezati.
05:47
And so there are some psychological effects that happen with this.
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Postoje neki psihološki učinci do kojih dolazi zbog ovoga.
05:50
One I'm really worried about
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Jedan koji me stvarno brine
05:52
is that people aren't taking time for mental reflection anymore,
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je taj da ljudi više ne posvećuju vrijeme razmišljanju,
05:55
and that they aren't slowing down and stopping,
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da ne usporavaju i ne zastaju,
05:57
being around all those people in the room all the time
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okruženi svim tim ljudima u sobi svo vrijeme
05:59
that are trying to compete for their attention
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koji se pokušavaju nadmetati za njihovu pažnju
06:01
on the simultaneous time interfaces,
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na istovremenim vremenskim sučeljima,
06:03
paleontology and panic architecture.
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paleontologiji i arhitekturi panike.
06:05
They're not just sitting there.
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Nije da oni samo sjede mirno.
06:07
And really, when you have no external input,
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Zaista, kad nemate vanjskog inputa,
06:10
that is a time when there is a creation of self,
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to je vrijeme izgradnje svoga ja,
06:12
when you can do long-term planning,
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vrijeme kad planirate dugoročno,
06:14
when you can try and figure out who you really are.
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kad pokušavate shvatiti tko ste zapravo.
06:17
And then, once you do that, you can figure out
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A kad to jednom učinite, onda možete shvatiti
06:19
how to present your second self in a legitimate way,
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kako na legitiman način predstaviti svoje drugo ja,
06:21
instead of just dealing with everything as it comes in --
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umjesto da se samo nosite sa svime kako dolazi --
06:23
and oh, I have to do this, and I have to do this, and I have to do this.
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o, moram to uraditi, i moram to uraditi, i moram to uraditi.
06:26
And so this is very important.
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Zato je to vrlo važno.
06:28
I'm really worried that, especially kids today,
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Zaista sam zabrinuta da, posebno današnja djeca,
06:30
they're not going to be dealing with this down-time,
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neće posvetiti vremena sebi samima,
06:33
that they have an instantaneous button-clicking culture,
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da pripadaju kulturi klikanja po tipkama bez odlaganja,
06:35
and that everything comes to them,
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da sve dolazi k njima,
06:37
and that they become very excited about it and very addicted to it.
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i da postaju vrlo uzbuđeni zbog toga i vrlo ovisni.
06:40
So if you think about it, the world hasn't stopped either.
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Ako razmislite o tome, ni svijet nije stao.
06:43
It has its own external prosthetic devices,
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Svijet ima vlastite vanjske protetičke uređaje,
06:45
and these devices are helping us all
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i ti uređaji nam svima pomažu
06:47
to communicate and interact with each other.
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u komunikaciji i ostvarivanju kontakata.
06:49
But when you actually visualize it,
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No, kad stvar vizualizirate,
06:51
all the connections that we're doing right now --
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sve te veze koje upravo ostvarujemo --
06:53
this is an image of the mapping of the Internet --
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ovo je slika mapiranja Interneta --
06:56
it doesn't look technological.
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to ne izgleda tehnološki;
06:58
It actually looks very organic.
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izgleda zapravo sasvim organski.
07:00
This is the first time in the entire history of humanity
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Ovo je prvi puta u čitavoj povijesti čovječanstva
07:03
that we've connected in this way.
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da smo povezani na ovaj način.
07:06
And it's not that machines are taking over.
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A nije stvar u tome da strojevi preuzimaju;
07:09
It's that they're helping us to be more human,
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oni nam pomažu biti još više ljudi,
07:11
helping us to connect with each other.
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pomažu nam da se povežemo jedni s drugima.
07:13
The most successful technology gets out of the way
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Najuspješnija tehnologija se miče s puta
07:16
and helps us live our lives.
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i pomaže nam živjeti naše živote.
07:18
And really,
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I doista,
07:20
it ends up being more human than technology,
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na kraju postaje više ljudskom nego tehnologijom,
07:23
because we're co-creating each other all the time.
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jer sudjelujemo u stvaranju jedni drugih svo vrijeme.
07:25
And so this is the important point that I like to study:
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I zato je važna stvar koju volim proučavati:
07:28
that things are beautiful, that it's still a human connection --
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da su stvari lijepe, da je još uvijek riječ o čovjekovoj povezanosti;
07:31
it's just done in a different way.
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samo što se ona postiže na drukčiji način.
07:33
We're just increasing our humanness
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Mi samo povećavamo svoju ljudskost
07:35
and our ability to connect with each other, regardless of geography.
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i svoju sposobnost međusobnog povezivanja, bez obzira na zemljopis.
07:38
So that's why I study cyborg anthropology.
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I zato ja proučavam antropologiju kiborga.
07:40
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amber Case - Cyborg AnthropologistAmber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology.
Why you should listen
Amber Case is a cyborg anthropologist, examining the way humans and technology interact and evolve together. Like all anthropologists, Case watches people, but her fieldwork involves observing how they participate in digital networks, analyzing the various ways we project our personalities, communicate, work, play, share ideas and even form values. Case founded Geoloqi.com, a private location-sharing application, out of a frustration with existing social protocols around text messaging and wayfinding.
Case, who predicts that intensification of the human-technology interface will quickly reduce the distance between individual and community, believes that the convergence of technologies will bring about unprecedented rapid learning and communication. Dubbed a digital philosopher, Case applies her findings to such fields as information architecture, usability and online productivity. She’s currently working on a book about using anthropological techniques to understand industry ecosystems.
Amber Case | Speaker | TED.com