TEDWomen 2010
Amber Case: We are all cyborgs now
安柏·凯斯：我哋依家都係半機械人
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,853,478 views
安柏·凯斯（Amber Case）話技術正喺度將我哋進化成為ji屏幕，點擊按鈕嘅新新人類。我哋依家依賴”外部大腦“（譬如話手機同埋電腦）去溝通，記憶，甚至乎過埋第二人生。但係呢啲機器最終會將我哋聯繫埋一齊定係征服我哋呢？凱西針對我哋自己半機械化嘅現象提出左令你古唔度嘅睇法。
Amber Case - Cyborg Anthropologist
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I would like to tell you all
0
0
2000
我想同你哋講，
00:17
that you are all actually cyborgs,
1
2000
3000
其實你哋都係半機械人，
00:21
but not the cyborgs that you think.
2
6000
2000
不過唔係你哋念嘅果種半機械人。
00:23
You're not RoboCop, and you're not Terminator,
3
8000
3000
你哋唔係鐵甲威龍，亦都唔係終結者，
00:26
but you're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen
4
11000
2000
但係每次你望住個屏幕
00:28
or use one of your cell phone devices.
5
13000
3000
或者用手機果陣，你就係一個半機械人。
00:31
So what's a good definition for cyborg?
6
16000
2000
甘點先為止正宗嘅半機械人呢？
00:33
Well, traditional definition is "an organism
7
18000
2000
嗱，傳統嚟講就係
00:35
to which exogenous components have been added
8
20000
2000
“一個有機體為咗適應新環衛
00:37
for the purpose of adapting to new environments."
9
22000
2000
而被添加外部組件。”
00:39
That came from a 1960 paper on space travel,
10
24000
3000
呢種講法係源於1960年一篇記錄太空漫遊嘅文章。
00:42
because, if you think about it, space is pretty awkward.
11
27000
2000
因為你認真唸下，太空其實好可怕；
00:44
People aren't supposed to be there.
12
29000
2000
人類本嚟就唔應該係果度。
00:46
But humans are curious, and they like to add things to their bodies
13
31000
3000
不過人類都係好有奇心嘅，佢哋鐘意係自己身上加啲嘢，
00:49
so they can go to the Alps one day
14
34000
2000
所以總有一日佢地可以爬上阿爾卑斯山，
00:51
and then become a fish in the sea the next.
15
36000
2000
跟住另外一日又變成海底嘅一條魚。
00:53
So let's look at the concept of traditional anthropology.
16
38000
3000
等我哋嚟睇下傳統概唸上嘅人類學係觀點。
00:56
Somebody goes to another country,
17
41000
2000
有條友去咗另一個國家，
00:58
says, "How fascinating these people are, how interesting their tools are,
18
43000
3000
佢話：“呢度啲人真係神奇，佢哋嘅架撐真係得意，
01:01
how curious their culture is."
19
46000
2000
距哋嘅文化好盞鬼。”
01:03
And then they write a paper, and maybe a few other anthropologists read it,
20
48000
3000
跟住佢地係張紙度寫咗啲也，或者咁啱有幾個人類學家睇度，
01:06
and we think it's very exotic.
21
51000
2000
我哋就會覺得呢單也靈舍有異國情調。
01:08
Well, what's happening
22
53000
3000
而同時發生嘅係我哋突然發現咗
01:11
is that we've suddenly found a new species.
23
56000
3000
一個新品種。
01:14
I, as a cyborg anthropologist, have suddenly said,
24
59000
2000
我，作為一個研究半機械人嘅人類學家，實會話：
01:16
"Oh, wow. Now suddenly we're a new form of Homo sapiens,
25
61000
3000
“哇，依家我哋突然間成為咗新新人類啦。
01:19
and look at these fascinating cultures,
26
64000
2000
過嚟睇下呢啲引人入勝嘅文化，
01:21
and look at these curious rituals
27
66000
2000
再睇下呢啲令人好奇嘅儀式，
01:23
that everybody's doing around this technology.
28
68000
2000
個個都圍繞呢項技術做嘢。
01:25
They're clicking on things and staring at screens."
29
70000
3000
佢哋一路點擊，一路望著個屏幕。”
01:28
Now there's a reason why I study this,
30
73000
2000
我之所以去研究呢樣也，
01:30
versus traditional anthropology.
31
75000
2000
而唔係傳統人類學係有原因嘅。
01:32
And the reason is that tool use,
32
77000
2000
因為工具嘅使用，
01:34
in the beginning -- for thousands and thousands of years,
33
79000
3000
係一開始，經過咗千萬年，
01:37
everything has been a physical modification of self.
34
82000
3000
所有也都係人類挪嚟改造自身。
01:40
It has helped us to extend our physical selves,
35
85000
2000
工具幫助我哋擴展自身嘅技能，
01:42
go faster, hit things harder,
36
87000
2000
令我哋跑得更快，錘嘢錘得更有力，
01:44
and there's been a limit on that.
37
89000
2000
雖然一切都有個限度。
01:46
But now what we're looking at is not an extension of the physical self,
38
91000
3000
但係依家我哋睇度嘅唔係人類自身技能嘅擴展，
01:49
but an extension of the mental self,
39
94000
2000
而係心智嘅延伸。
01:51
and because of that, we're able to travel faster,
40
96000
2000
由於咁，我哋可以走得更快，
01:53
communicate differently.
41
98000
2000
更多元化咁交流。
01:55
And the other thing that happens
42
100000
2000
第二件發生哽嘅嘢就係
01:57
is that we're all carrying around little Mary Poppins technology.
43
102000
3000
我哋都隨身攜帶住Mary Poppins嘅技術。
02:00
We can put anything we want into it, and it doesn't get heavier,
44
105000
3000
我地可以將任何野擺在我地想放噶任何地方，唔重咖，
02:03
and then we can take anything out.
45
108000
2000
然之後又可以從入面挪距出來。
02:05
What does the inside of your computer actually look like?
46
110000
2000
你台電腦入面究竟有啲咩呢？
02:07
Well, if you print it out, it looks like a thousand pounds of material
47
112000
3000
嗱，如果你將佢打印出嚟，就好似你要運輸
02:10
that you're carrying around all the time.
48
115000
2000
成千磅重嘅信息材料。
02:12
And if you actually lose that information,
49
117000
3000
而且，如果你真係唔見咗果啲信息，
02:15
it means that you suddenly have this loss in your mind,
50
120000
3000
你個心就會覺得突然之間冇咗一啲嘢，
02:18
that you suddenly feel like something's missing,
51
123000
3000
就好似突然之間感覺失去咗一啲嘢，
02:21
except you aren't able to see it, so it feels like a very strange emotion.
52
126000
3000
除非你無辦法見度呢啲嘢，距就好似D好奇怪噶感覺。
02:24
The other thing that happens is that you have a second self.
53
129000
3000
另外一件發生咗嘅嘢就係你擁有第二個自己。
02:27
Whether you like it or not, you're starting to show up online,
54
132000
2000
無論你鐘唔鍾意，你都開始係線上出現，
02:29
and people are interacting with your second self
55
134000
2000
當你唔係果度，
02:31
when you're not there.
56
136000
2000
人哋就開始同第二個你交流，
02:33
And so you have to be careful
57
138000
2000
咁你就要小心，
02:35
about leaving your front lawn open,
58
140000
2000
唔好輕易開放你嘅第一道防線，
02:37
which is basically your Facebook wall,
59
142000
2000
基本上嚟講就係你嘅Facebook，
02:39
so that people don't write on it in the middle of the night --
60
144000
2000
唔好比人哋係深夜係上面寫嘢，
02:41
because it's very much the equivalent.
61
146000
2000
因為呢個效果同現實生活係好大程度上係等價嘅。
02:43
And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.
62
148000
3000
所以突然之間，我哋開始維護第二個自己，
02:46
You have to present yourself in digital life
63
151000
2000
你不得不以一種你係現實中呈現嘅方式
02:48
in a similar way that you would in your analog life.
64
153000
3000
相似咁係數碼生活中呈現。
02:51
So, in the same way that you wake up, take a shower and get dressed,
65
156000
3000
就好似你起身，冲個涼，著衫，
02:54
you have to learn to do that for your digital self.
66
159000
2000
你一樣要學識係數碼生活中去做同樣嘅也。
02:56
And the problem is that a lot of people now,
67
161000
2000
不過問題在於家陣好多人，
02:58
especially adolescents,
68
163000
2000
尤其係青少年，
03:00
have to go through two adolescences.
69
165000
2000
需要經歷兩個青春期。
03:02
They have to go through their primary one, that's already awkward,
70
167000
3000
佢哋要經歷第一個青春期已經好唔容易，
03:05
and then they go through their second self's adolescence,
71
170000
2000
依家仲要經歷自己第二個青春期。
03:07
and that's even more awkward
72
172000
2000
咁就更加之難。
03:09
because there's an actual history
73
174000
3000
因為係呢個真實嘅網絡歷史入面
03:12
of what they've gone through online.
74
177000
2000
佢哋經歷都會被記錄。
03:14
And anybody coming in new to technology
75
179000
2000
依家每個啱開始接觸新科技嘅人，
03:16
is an adolescent online right now,
76
181000
2000
都係網上嘅青少年。
03:18
and so it's very awkward,
77
183000
2000
所以，要佢地去做果啲嘢
03:20
and it's very difficult for them to do those things.
78
185000
3000
係好奇怪同埋困難嘅。
03:23
So when I was little, my dad would sit me down at night and he would say,
79
188000
2000
係我好細個果陣，夜晚我老窦會叫我坐低跟住同我講：
03:25
"I'm going to teach you about time and space in the future."
80
190000
2000
“我要教你一樣關於未來時間同空間嘅嘢。”
03:27
And I said, "Great."
81
192000
2000
我話：“好啊！”
03:29
And he said one day, "What's the shortest distance between two points?"
82
194000
2000
有一日佢問我：“兩點之間最短嘅距離係咩？”
03:31
And I said, "Well, that's a straight line. You told me that yesterday."
83
196000
3000
我話：“哦，直線啰。你琴日係咁同我講嘅。”
03:34
I thought I was very clever.
84
199000
2000
我唸住我好醒目，
03:36
He said, "No, no, no. Here's a better way."
85
201000
3000
點知佢話：“唔啱，唔啱，呢個先係更短嘅路徑。”
03:39
He took a piece of paper,
86
204000
2000
佢挪咗一張紙，
03:41
drew A and B on one side and the other
87
206000
2000
係一面寫咗個A，另外一面寫咗個B，
03:43
and folded them together so where A and B touched.
88
208000
3000
跟住折埋兩邊令到A掂到B。
03:46
And he said, "That is the shortest distance between two points."
89
211000
3000
佢話：”呢個先系兩點之間最短嘅距離。“
03:49
And I said, "Dad, dad, dad, how do you do that?"
90
214000
2000
我跟住問：”老窦，老窦，老窦，你點做度嘎？“
03:51
He said, "Well, you just bend time and space,
91
216000
2000
佢話：“嗱，呢個先係兩點之間最短嘅距離，
03:53
it takes an awful lot of energy,
92
218000
2000
要用好多能量，
03:55
and that's just how you do it."
93
220000
2000
跟住就可以做到喇。”
03:57
And I said, "I want to do that."
94
222000
2000
我話：“我都想做到啊！”
03:59
And he said, "Well, okay."
95
224000
2000
佢話：“好啊！”
04:01
And so, when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years,
96
226000
3000
跟住，係接落嚟呢10幾20年，每當我夜晚訓覺時
04:04
I was thinking at night,
97
229000
2000
我就會唸，
04:06
"I want to be the first person to create a wormhole,
98
231000
2000
“我一定會係第一個創造出“蟲洞”嘅人，
04:08
to make things accelerate faster.
99
233000
2000
令事物加速。
04:10
And I want to make a time machine."
100
235000
2000
我仲要製造一台時光機。”
04:12
I was always sending messages to my future self
101
237000
2000
我經常用錄音機嚟發信息
04:14
using tape recorders.
102
239000
3000
比未來嘅自己。
04:19
But then what I realized when I went to college
103
244000
2000
但係當我讀大學果陣，我意識到，
04:21
is that technology doesn't just get adopted
104
246000
2000
技術唔會因為佢有用
04:23
because it works.
105
248000
2000
而被人類接受，
04:25
It gets adopted because people use it
106
250000
2000
而係人類用過之後先會被接受。
04:27
and it's made for humans.
107
252000
2000
因為佢係為滿足人類所需而創造嘅。
04:29
So I started studying anthropology.
108
254000
2000
所以，我開始研究人類學。
04:31
And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones,
109
256000
2000
當我係度寫哽關於手機嘅論文時，
04:33
I realized that everyone was carrying around wormholes in their pockets.
110
258000
3000
我意識到每個人嘅口袋入面都隨身帶著個”蟲洞“。
04:36
They weren't physically transporting themselves;
111
261000
2000
呢個“蟲洞”唔係通過身體接觸嚟傳遞信息，
04:38
they were mentally transporting themselves.
112
263000
2000
而係從心智上傳遞。
04:40
They would click on a button,
113
265000
2000
人類點擊一下按鈕，
04:42
and they would be connected as A to B immediately.
114
267000
3000
跟住以A身份同B取得聯繫。
04:45
And I thought, "Oh, wow. I found it. This is great."
115
270000
2000
跟住我唸：“噢，哇，我穩到啦！真係太好啦！”
04:47
So over time, time and space
116
272000
2000
所以，隨住時間推移，時間同空間
04:49
have compressed because of this.
117
274000
2000
都因為咁而被壓縮埋一齊。
04:51
You can stand on one side of the world,
118
276000
2000
你可以企係地球嘅一邊，
04:53
whisper something and be heard on the other.
119
278000
2000
細細聲講嘢，而且可以比另外一邊嘅人聽到。
04:55
One of the other ideas that comes around
120
280000
2000
仲有就係，
04:57
is that you have a different type of time on every single device that you use.
121
282000
3000
你用嘅唔同設備可以比你擁有唔同類型嘅時間。
05:00
Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.
122
285000
3000
每一個瀏覽標籤都比你一個唔同嘅時間軸。
05:03
And because of that, you start to dig around
123
288000
2000
而且因為咁，你開始到處發掘延伸嘅記憶，
05:05
for your external memories -- where did you leave them?
124
290000
2000
將佢哋收埋咗係邊呢？
05:07
So now we're all these paleontologists
125
292000
2000
所以話依家我哋都係古生物學家，
05:09
that are digging for things that we've lost
126
294000
2000
不停咁發掘我哋失去嘅嘢，
05:11
on our external brains that we're carrying around in our pockets.
127
296000
3000
我哋將外部大腦隨身帶係口袋入面。
05:14
And that incites a sort of panic architecture --
128
299000
2000
咁樣會促發一種恐慌。
05:16
"Oh no, where's this thing?"
129
301000
2000
弊，啲嘢究竟存咗係邊度？
05:18
We're all "I Love Lucy" on a great assembly line of information,
130
303000
3000
係信息狂潮嚟臨前，我哋都好似”我愛Lucy“電視入面演嘅咁狼狽，
05:21
and we can't keep up.
131
306000
2000
而且我哋冇辦法追得上信息嘅腳步。
05:24
And so what happens is,
132
309000
2000
由於咁，
05:26
when we bring all that into the social space,
133
311000
2000
我哋將所有嘢帶入到社交空間，
05:28
we end up checking our phones all the time.
134
313000
2000
結果就係我哋會不停咁查看電話。
05:30
So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.
135
315000
2000
呢個就係稱之為親密環境。
05:32
It's not that we're always connected to everybody,
136
317000
2000
咁樣唔係話我哋經常同每個人聯繫，
05:34
but at anytime we can connect to anyone we want.
137
319000
3000
而係話我哋可以隨時聯繫上我哋想聯繫嘅人。
05:37
And if you were able to print out everybody in your cell phone,
138
322000
2000
如果你可以將電話簿入面嘅人全部打印出嚟，
05:39
the room would be very crowded.
139
324000
2000
果間房就會變得非常壁，
05:41
These are the people that you have access to right now, in general --
140
326000
3000
一般嚟講呢哋就係你可以聯繫到嘅人
05:44
all of these people, all of your friends and family that you can connect to.
141
329000
3000
同埋同你保持聯繫嘅朋友，家人。
05:47
And so there are some psychological effects that happen with this.
142
332000
3000
隨之而嚟嘅係我哋會有一種心理效應。
05:50
One I'm really worried about
143
335000
2000
一種我好擔心嘅心理效應，
05:52
is that people aren't taking time for mental reflection anymore,
144
337000
3000
就係人類唔再花費時間嚟反省自己，
05:55
and that they aren't slowing down and stopping,
145
340000
2000
佢地唔再放慢節奏同埋停落嚟，
05:57
being around all those people in the room all the time
146
342000
2000
時刻同屋入面嘅人係埋一齊，
05:59
that are trying to compete for their attention
147
344000
2000
嘗試係同一時間內
06:01
on the simultaneous time interfaces,
148
346000
2000
獲得所有人嘅注意力，
06:03
paleontology and panic architecture.
149
348000
2000
同時活係研究 古生物學同埋面對恐慌嘅架構中。
06:05
They're not just sitting there.
150
350000
2000
佢地唔止係坐埋一齊咁簡單。
06:07
And really, when you have no external input,
151
352000
3000
講真果句，當你唔再受黎自外部嘅影響果陣，
06:10
that is a time when there is a creation of self,
152
355000
2000
你就有一段可以創造自我嘅時間，
06:12
when you can do long-term planning,
153
357000
2000
一段可以作長遠計劃嘅時間，
06:14
when you can try and figure out who you really are.
154
359000
3000
嘗試發覺究竟自己係點樣一個人。
06:17
And then, once you do that, you can figure out
155
362000
2000
而一旦你咁樣做，你就會搞清楚
06:19
how to present your second self in a legitimate way,
156
364000
2000
應該點樣合理咁呈現第二個自己，
06:21
instead of just dealing with everything as it comes in --
157
366000
2000
而唔係等所有嘢發生之後再臨時應對——
06:23
and oh, I have to do this, and I have to do this, and I have to do this.
158
368000
3000
哦，我要做呢個，我要做那個，我一定做呢個。
06:26
And so this is very important.
159
371000
2000
所以呢一點係非常重要嘅。
06:28
I'm really worried that, especially kids today,
160
373000
2000
我真係好擔心，尤其對依家嘅細路仔，
06:30
they're not going to be dealing with this down-time,
161
375000
3000
佢地冇靜低心嚟處理事情嘅時間，
06:33
that they have an instantaneous button-clicking culture,
162
378000
2000
因為佢地生活係一個不停點擊按鈕嘅文化中，
06:35
and that everything comes to them,
163
380000
2000
咩嘢都向佢地湧埋嚟，
06:37
and that they become very excited about it and very addicted to it.
164
382000
3000
佢地就會變得好興奮，甚至沉迷其中。
06:40
So if you think about it, the world hasn't stopped either.
165
385000
3000
你唸下，呢個世界都未試過停落嚟。
06:43
It has its own external prosthetic devices,
166
388000
2000
佢都有自己嘅外部修復設備，
06:45
and these devices are helping us all
167
390000
2000
而且呢啲設備都係度幫哽我哋
06:47
to communicate and interact with each other.
168
392000
2000
互相溝通同交流。
06:49
But when you actually visualize it,
169
394000
2000
如果你可以見度呢啲
06:51
all the connections that we're doing right now --
170
396000
2000
將我哋聯繫埋一齊嘅網路，
06:53
this is an image of the mapping of the Internet --
171
398000
3000
你會發覺呢個係一幅互聯網嘅地圖——
06:56
it doesn't look technological.
172
401000
2000
佢睇起身無乜技術含量；
06:58
It actually looks very organic.
173
403000
2000
不過事實上係有機化嘅。
07:00
This is the first time in the entire history of humanity
174
405000
3000
呢個係人類歷史上第一次
07:03
that we've connected in this way.
175
408000
2000
以咁樣嘅方式嚟連接每個人。
07:06
And it's not that machines are taking over.
176
411000
3000
而且唔係部機器係度話事，
07:09
It's that they're helping us to be more human,
177
414000
2000
而係佢幫我哽我哋變得更人性化，
07:11
helping us to connect with each other.
178
416000
2000
更好咁同每個人溝通。
07:13
The most successful technology gets out of the way
179
418000
3000
最成功嘅技術係幫我哋排除障礙，
07:16
and helps us live our lives.
180
421000
2000
幫助我哋生活得更美好。
07:18
And really,
181
423000
2000
確切嚟講，
07:20
it ends up being more human than technology,
182
425000
3000
機器令到我哋最後變得更人性化而非技術化，
07:23
because we're co-creating each other all the time.
183
428000
2000
因為我哋一路都係度互相合作，共同創造。
07:25
And so this is the important point that I like to study:
184
430000
3000
呢個就係我想研究嘅一個重點：
07:28
that things are beautiful, that it's still a human connection --
185
433000
3000
事物係美好嘅，不過依然需要人與人之間嘅聯繫；
07:31
it's just done in a different way.
186
436000
2000
只不過係以一種唔同嘅方式。
07:33
We're just increasing our humanness
187
438000
2000
我哋正係度增強自身嘅特性，
07:35
and our ability to connect with each other, regardless of geography.
188
440000
3000
聯繫彼此嘅能力，不受地域嘅限制。
07:38
So that's why I study cyborg anthropology.
189
443000
2000
呢個就係點解我要研究半機械人類學。
07:40
Thank you.
190
445000
2000
多謝噻！
07:42
(Applause)
191
447000
4000
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amber Case - Cyborg AnthropologistAmber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology.
Why you should listen
Amber Case is a cyborg anthropologist, examining the way humans and technology interact and evolve together. Like all anthropologists, Case watches people, but her fieldwork involves observing how they participate in digital networks, analyzing the various ways we project our personalities, communicate, work, play, share ideas and even form values. Case founded Geoloqi.com, a private location-sharing application, out of a frustration with existing social protocols around text messaging and wayfinding.
Case, who predicts that intensification of the human-technology interface will quickly reduce the distance between individual and community, believes that the convergence of technologies will bring about unprecedented rapid learning and communication. Dubbed a digital philosopher, Case applies her findings to such fields as information architecture, usability and online productivity. She’s currently working on a book about using anthropological techniques to understand industry ecosystems.
Amber Case | Speaker | TED.com