TEDWomen 2010
Amber Case: We are all cyborgs now
Amber Kejs: Svi smo mi kiborzi
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Tehnologija nas evoluira, kaže Amber Kejs, čineći da postajemo nova verzija homo sapijensa koji bulji u ekrane i klikće po tasterima. Sada se oslanjamo na "spoljašnje mozgove" (mobilne telefone i kompjutere) da bi komunicirali, pamtili, pa čak i živeli naše sekundarne živote. Ali da li će nas na kraju ove mašine spojiti ili potčiniti? Priča nudi neočekivani uvid u nas kao kiborg bića.
Amber Case - Cyborg Anthropologist
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I would like to tell you all
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Želela bih da vam kažem
00:17
that you are all actually cyborgs,
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da ste svi vi ustvari kiborzi,
00:21
but not the cyborgs that you think.
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ali ne kiborzi na koje vi mislite.
00:23
You're not RoboCop, and you're not Terminator,
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Niste Robokap, niti Terminator, ali vi
00:26
but you're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen
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postajete kiborg svaki put kada pogledate u monitor od kompjutera
00:28
or use one of your cell phone devices.
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ili koristite neke od vaših mobilnih telefona.
00:31
So what's a good definition for cyborg?
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Koja bi definicija kiborga bila dobra?
00:33
Well, traditional definition is "an organism
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Pa, po tradicionalnoj definiciji to je organizam
00:35
to which exogenous components have been added
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"kojem su dodate egzogene komponente
00:37
for the purpose of adapting to new environments."
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u cilju prilagođavanja novoj okolini."
00:39
That came from a 1960 paper on space travel,
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Ova definicija je iz 1960. iz članka o putovanju u svemir.
00:42
because, if you think about it, space is pretty awkward.
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Jer, ako razmislite o tome, svemir je jako čudan;
00:44
People aren't supposed to be there.
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ljudima tamo nije mesto.
00:46
But humans are curious, and they like to add things to their bodies
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Ali ljudi su radoznali i vole da dodaju stvari svojim telima
00:49
so they can go to the Alps one day
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kako bi jednog dana mogli da odu na Alpe,
00:51
and then become a fish in the sea the next.
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a drugog postanu riba u moru.
00:53
So let's look at the concept of traditional anthropology.
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Hajde da pogledamo ovaj pojam u tradicionalnoj antropologiji.
00:56
Somebody goes to another country,
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Neko otputuje u drugu zemlju, kaže
00:58
says, "How fascinating these people are, how interesting their tools are,
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"Kako su fascinantni ovi ljudi, kako je zanimljivo njihovo oruđe,
01:01
how curious their culture is."
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kako je čudna njihova kultura."
01:03
And then they write a paper, and maybe a few other anthropologists read it,
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I onda napišu članak o tome i moža ga poneki antropolog pročita,
01:06
and we think it's very exotic.
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a mi pomislimo kako je to veoma egzotično.
01:08
Well, what's happening
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Zapravo, ono što se dešava
01:11
is that we've suddenly found a new species.
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je da smo iznenada otkrili novu vrstu.
01:14
I, as a cyborg anthropologist, have suddenly said,
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Ja, kao antropolog kiborga, iznenada sam rekla,
01:16
"Oh, wow. Now suddenly we're a new form of Homo sapiens,
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"Opa. Sada smo odjednom postali novi oblik homo sapiensa.
01:19
and look at these fascinating cultures,
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Pogledajte samo te fascinantne kulture.
01:21
and look at these curious rituals
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Pogledajte sve te zanimljive rituale
01:23
that everybody's doing around this technology.
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vezane za tehnologiju koje svi svakodnevno rade.
01:25
They're clicking on things and staring at screens."
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Svi klikću po stvarima i bulje u monitore."
01:28
Now there's a reason why I study this,
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Postoji razlog zbog čega ovo proučavam,
01:30
versus traditional anthropology.
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umesto tradicionalne antropologije.
01:32
And the reason is that tool use,
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A razlog je da je upotreba alata,
01:34
in the beginning -- for thousands and thousands of years,
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na početku, hiljadama i hiljadama godina,
01:37
everything has been a physical modification of self.
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bila fizička modifikacija bića.
01:40
It has helped us to extend our physical selves,
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Pomogla nam je da unapredimo naša fizička bića,
01:42
go faster, hit things harder,
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da brže idemo, da jače udaramo,
01:44
and there's been a limit on that.
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ali i to je imalo svoju granicu.
01:46
But now what we're looking at is not an extension of the physical self,
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Međutim ono čega smo svedoci sada nije unapređenje našeg fizičkog bića,
01:49
but an extension of the mental self,
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već unapređenje našeg mentalnog bića.
01:51
and because of that, we're able to travel faster,
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I zbog toga možemo brže da putujemo i
01:53
communicate differently.
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drugačije da komuniciramo.
01:55
And the other thing that happens
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Druga stvar koja se dešava je da svi
01:57
is that we're all carrying around little Mary Poppins technology.
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mi sa sobom stalno nosimo minijaturnu Meri Popins tehnologiju.
02:00
We can put anything we want into it, and it doesn't get heavier,
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U nju možemo da stavimo sve što poželimo bez da ikad postane teža
02:03
and then we can take anything out.
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a potom možemo bilo šta da izvadimo.
02:05
What does the inside of your computer actually look like?
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Kako unutrašnjost kompjutera zapravo izgleda?
02:07
Well, if you print it out, it looks like a thousand pounds of material
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Pa, ako je ištampate, izgleda kao tona materijala
02:10
that you're carrying around all the time.
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koju stalno nosite sa sobom.
02:12
And if you actually lose that information,
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A ako izgubite te podatke,
02:15
it means that you suddenly have this loss in your mind,
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to znači da odjednom imate rupu u sećanju,
02:18
that you suddenly feel like something's missing,
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da naprasno osećate kao da nešto nedostaje,
02:21
except you aren't able to see it, so it feels like a very strange emotion.
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samo što to ne možete da vidite, pa vas obuzme jako bizaran osećaj.
02:24
The other thing that happens is that you have a second self.
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Druga stvar koja se događa je da vi posedujete svoju repliku.
02:27
Whether you like it or not, you're starting to show up online,
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Svidelo vam se to ili ne, počinjete da se pojavljujete onlajn,
02:29
and people are interacting with your second self
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i ljudi komuniciraju sa vašom replikom
02:31
when you're not there.
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i kada vi niste prisutni.
02:33
And so you have to be careful
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Tako da treba da vodite računa
02:35
about leaving your front lawn open,
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da vaša ulazna vrata ne ostavljate otvorena,
02:37
which is basically your Facebook wall,
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što je u osnovi zid vašeg Fejsbuka,
02:39
so that people don't write on it in the middle of the night --
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da ljudi ne bi pisali po njemu u sred noći --
02:41
because it's very much the equivalent.
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što je u velikoj meri slično.
02:43
And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.
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A onda odjednom moramo da počnemo da vodimo računa o svojoj replici.
02:46
You have to present yourself in digital life
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U digitalnnom životu morate da se predstavite
02:48
in a similar way that you would in your analog life.
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na sličan način kao što biste to uradili u analognom životu.
02:51
So, in the same way that you wake up, take a shower and get dressed,
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Tako, na isti način kao što se budite, tuširate i oblačite,
02:54
you have to learn to do that for your digital self.
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morate da naučite to sve da radite za digitalnog sebe.
02:56
And the problem is that a lot of people now,
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I problem je što mnogo ljudi sada,
02:58
especially adolescents,
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posebno adolescenti,
03:00
have to go through two adolescences.
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moraju da prolaze kroz dve adolescencije.
03:02
They have to go through their primary one, that's already awkward,
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Moraju da prođu kroz primarnu adolescenciju, to je već dovoljno čudno,
03:05
and then they go through their second self's adolescence,
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a onda prolaze i kroz adolescenciju svoje replike.
03:07
and that's even more awkward
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A to je još čudnije
03:09
because there's an actual history
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jer postoji prava istorija
03:12
of what they've gone through online.
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svega kroz šta su prošli onlajn.
03:14
And anybody coming in new to technology
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I svako ko kao novajlija ulazi u svet tehnologije
03:16
is an adolescent online right now,
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je adolescent onlajn upravo sada.
03:18
and so it's very awkward,
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Jako je to čudno,
03:20
and it's very difficult for them to do those things.
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i veoma im je teško da rade te stvari.
03:23
So when I was little, my dad would sit me down at night and he would say,
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Kada sam bila mala, tata bi me uveče stavio u svoje krilo i rekao,
03:25
"I'm going to teach you about time and space in the future."
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"Sada ću te naučiti nešto o vremenu i prostoru u budućnosti."
03:27
And I said, "Great."
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I ja sam rekla: "Sjajno."
03:29
And he said one day, "What's the shortest distance between two points?"
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I jednog dana pitao me je: "Koja je najkraća razdaljina između dve tačke?"
03:31
And I said, "Well, that's a straight line. You told me that yesterday."
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I ja sam odgovorila: "Pa, to je prava linija. To si mi rekao juče."
03:34
I thought I was very clever.
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Pomislila sam kako sam to pametno rekla.
03:36
He said, "No, no, no. Here's a better way."
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Reče: "Ne, ne, ne. Evo boljeg načina."
03:39
He took a piece of paper,
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Uzeo je list papira,
03:41
drew A and B on one side and the other
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nacrtao tačku A na jednoj i tačku B na drugoj strani
03:43
and folded them together so where A and B touched.
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i savio napola tako da se A i B dodiruju.
03:46
And he said, "That is the shortest distance between two points."
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Rekao je: "To je najkraća razdaljina između dve tačke."
03:49
And I said, "Dad, dad, dad, how do you do that?"
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A ja sam rekla: "Tata, tata, tata kako si to uradio?"
03:51
He said, "Well, you just bend time and space,
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Rekao je: "Pa, samo saviješ vreme i prostor,
03:53
it takes an awful lot of energy,
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za to je potrebno jako puno energije,
03:55
and that's just how you do it."
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tako se to radi."
03:57
And I said, "I want to do that."
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A ja sam rekla: "Hoću ja to da uradim."
03:59
And he said, "Well, okay."
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A on reče "U redu."
04:01
And so, when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years,
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I tako, kada sam narednih 10 ili 20 godina odlazila da spavam
04:04
I was thinking at night,
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noću bih razmišljala
04:06
"I want to be the first person to create a wormhole,
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"Želim da budem prva osoba koja će napraviti crvotočinu,
04:08
to make things accelerate faster.
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da bi stvari imale veće ubrzanje.
04:10
And I want to make a time machine."
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I želim da napravim vremeplov."
04:12
I was always sending messages to my future self
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Uvek bih slala poruke budućoj sebi
04:14
using tape recorders.
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koristeći magnetofone.
04:19
But then what I realized when I went to college
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Ali onda, kada sam otišla na koledž shvatila sam
04:21
is that technology doesn't just get adopted
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da se tehnologija ne prihvata
04:23
because it works.
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samo zato što funkcioniše;
04:25
It gets adopted because people use it
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prihvata se zato što je ljudi koriste
04:27
and it's made for humans.
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i zato što je namenjena ljudima.
04:29
So I started studying anthropology.
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Tako sam počela da studiram antropologiju.
04:31
And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones,
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Kada sam pisala svoju disertaciju o mobilnim telefonima,
04:33
I realized that everyone was carrying around wormholes in their pockets.
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shvatila sam da svi zapravo nose crvotočine u svojim džepovima.
04:36
They weren't physically transporting themselves;
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Nisu se fizički transportovali,
04:38
they were mentally transporting themselves.
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ali su se mentalno transportovali.
04:40
They would click on a button,
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Kliknuli bi na dugme,
04:42
and they would be connected as A to B immediately.
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i bili bi momentalno povezani kao tačka A sa tačkom B.
04:45
And I thought, "Oh, wow. I found it. This is great."
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I pomislila sam: "Opa. Pronašla sam je. To je sjajno."
04:47
So over time, time and space
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Vremenom, vreme i prostor
04:49
have compressed because of this.
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su se zbog ovog kompresovali.
04:51
You can stand on one side of the world,
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Možete stajati na jednom kraju sveta,
04:53
whisper something and be heard on the other.
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šaputati nešto, a da vas čuju na drugom.
04:55
One of the other ideas that comes around
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Jedna od ostalih ideja koje se javljaju je da
04:57
is that you have a different type of time on every single device that you use.
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imate različite vrste vremena na svakom pojedinačnom uređaju koji koristite.
05:00
Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.
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Svaka pojedinačno otvorena stranica u internet pretraživaču predstavlja različitu vrstu vremena.
05:03
And because of that, you start to dig around
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Upravo zbog toga, počinjete da tragate
05:05
for your external memories -- where did you leave them?
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za svojim eksternim sećanjima -- gde ste ih posejali?
05:07
So now we're all these paleontologists
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Sada smo mi svi paleontolozi
05:09
that are digging for things that we've lost
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koji tragaju za stvarima koje su izgubili
05:11
on our external brains that we're carrying around in our pockets.
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u svojim eksternim mozgovima koje nosimo sa sobom u džepovima.
05:14
And that incites a sort of panic architecture --
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A to izaziva neku vrstu arhitekture panike.
05:16
"Oh no, where's this thing?"
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O ne, gde je sad ovo?
05:18
We're all "I Love Lucy" on a great assembly line of information,
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Svi smo mi "Ja volim Lusi" na velikoj pokretnoj traci sa informacijama,
05:21
and we can't keep up.
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i ne možemo da idemo u korak.
05:24
And so what happens is,
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Tada se dešava da,
05:26
when we bring all that into the social space,
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kada sve to izmestimo u društveni prostor
05:28
we end up checking our phones all the time.
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svede se na naše neprestano proveravanje telefona.
05:30
So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.
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Pa imamo nešto što se zove bliskost okruženja.
05:32
It's not that we're always connected to everybody,
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To ne znači da smo uvek povezani sa svima,
05:34
but at anytime we can connect to anyone we want.
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već da se u bilo kom trenutku možemo povezati s kim god poželimo.
05:37
And if you were able to print out everybody in your cell phone,
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A ako biste mogli da svakog prebacite u vaš mobilni telefon,
05:39
the room would be very crowded.
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bilo bi prenatrpano.
05:41
These are the people that you have access to right now, in general --
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To su oni ljudi s kojima možete momentalno da stupite u kontakt, generalno --
05:44
all of these people, all of your friends and family that you can connect to.
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to su svi ti ljudi, svi vaši prijatelji i članovi porodice sa kojima se možete povezati.
05:47
And so there are some psychological effects that happen with this.
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Tu se uz to javljaju i psihološke posledice.
05:50
One I'm really worried about
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Jedna koja me veoma brine
05:52
is that people aren't taking time for mental reflection anymore,
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je da ljudi više ne ostavljaju sebi vremena za razmišljanje
05:55
and that they aren't slowing down and stopping,
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i da ne usporavaju niti prestaju
05:57
being around all those people in the room all the time
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da budu okruženi svim tim ljudima u sobi
05:59
that are trying to compete for their attention
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koji pokušavaju da se nadmeću za pažnju
06:01
on the simultaneous time interfaces,
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na vremenski simultanim interfejsovima,
06:03
paleontology and panic architecture.
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palenteologiji i arhitekturi panike.
06:05
They're not just sitting there.
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Nije da oni samo sede tamo.
06:07
And really, when you have no external input,
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Jer ustvari, kad nemate nikakvu spoljašnju ulaznu informaciju,
06:10
that is a time when there is a creation of self,
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tada je vreme stvaranja sebe,
06:12
when you can do long-term planning,
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kada možete nešto dugoročno da isplanirate,
06:14
when you can try and figure out who you really are.
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kada možete da pokušate da shvatite ko ste vi zapravo.
06:17
And then, once you do that, you can figure out
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A onda, kada ste to uradili, možete da smislite
06:19
how to present your second self in a legitimate way,
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kako svoju repliku da predstavite na legitiman način,
06:21
instead of just dealing with everything as it comes in --
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umesto da samo rešavate sve onda kada se pojavi --
06:23
and oh, I have to do this, and I have to do this, and I have to do this.
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pa bude, jao, moram da uradim ovo i moram da uradim ono.
06:26
And so this is very important.
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Zato je ovo jako važno.
06:28
I'm really worried that, especially kids today,
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Veoma me brine to što se, posebno deca danas,
06:30
they're not going to be dealing with this down-time,
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neće baviti ovim stvarnim vremenom,
06:33
that they have an instantaneous button-clicking culture,
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što imaju instant kulturu na dugme,
06:35
and that everything comes to them,
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i što sve njima dolazi
06:37
and that they become very excited about it and very addicted to it.
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i što postaju jako uzbuđeni oko toga i veoma zavisni.
06:40
So if you think about it, the world hasn't stopped either.
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Ako razmislite o tome, svet isto tako nije stao.
06:43
It has its own external prosthetic devices,
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Ima svoje spoljne protetske uređaje,
06:45
and these devices are helping us all
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i ti uređaji nam pomažu
06:47
to communicate and interact with each other.
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da komuniciramo i sarađujemo jedni s drugima.
06:49
But when you actually visualize it,
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Ali kad to zapravo vizualizujete,
06:51
all the connections that we're doing right now --
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sve veze koje pravimo upravo sada --
06:53
this is an image of the mapping of the Internet --
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ovo je slika koja prikazuje preslikan Internet --
06:56
it doesn't look technological.
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ne izgleda tehološki;
06:58
It actually looks very organic.
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ustvari izgleda veoma organski.
07:00
This is the first time in the entire history of humanity
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Ovo je prvi put u celokupnoj istoriji čovečanstva
07:03
that we've connected in this way.
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da se povezujemo na ovaj način.
07:06
And it's not that machines are taking over.
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I nije da mašine preuzimaju kontrolu;
07:09
It's that they're helping us to be more human,
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već nam pomažu da budemo ljudskiji,
07:11
helping us to connect with each other.
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pomažu da se povežemo jedni sa drugima.
07:13
The most successful technology gets out of the way
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Najuspešnija tehnologija sklanja se s puta
07:16
and helps us live our lives.
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i pomaže nam da živimo naše živote.
07:18
And really,
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I stvarno,
07:20
it ends up being more human than technology,
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svede se na to da smo ljudskiji od tehnologije,
07:23
because we're co-creating each other all the time.
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jer sve vreme ko-kreiramo jedno drugo.
07:25
And so this is the important point that I like to study:
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I ovo je važna stvar koju želim da proučavam:
07:28
that things are beautiful, that it's still a human connection --
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da su stvari divne, da je sve to još uvek ljudska povezanost;
07:31
it's just done in a different way.
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samo što je povezana na drugačiji način.
07:33
We're just increasing our humanness
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Mi samo unapređujemo našu ljudskost i
07:35
and our ability to connect with each other, regardless of geography.
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našu sposobnost da se međusobno povežemo, bez obzira na geografiju.
07:38
So that's why I study cyborg anthropology.
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Eto zato proučavam antropologiju kiborga.
07:40
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
07:42
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amber Case - Cyborg AnthropologistAmber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology.
Why you should listen
Amber Case is a cyborg anthropologist, examining the way humans and technology interact and evolve together. Like all anthropologists, Case watches people, but her fieldwork involves observing how they participate in digital networks, analyzing the various ways we project our personalities, communicate, work, play, share ideas and even form values. Case founded Geoloqi.com, a private location-sharing application, out of a frustration with existing social protocols around text messaging and wayfinding.
Case, who predicts that intensification of the human-technology interface will quickly reduce the distance between individual and community, believes that the convergence of technologies will bring about unprecedented rapid learning and communication. Dubbed a digital philosopher, Case applies her findings to such fields as information architecture, usability and online productivity. She’s currently working on a book about using anthropological techniques to understand industry ecosystems.
Amber Case | Speaker | TED.com