Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
Mariano Sigman: Wörter könnten Ihre psychische Gesundheit vorhersagen
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
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to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
wie antike Griechen sich kleideten,
aspects of human thought --
Aspekte menschlichen Denkens --
that have shaped our culture
die unsere Kultur prägten,
the structural columns of human thought.
menschlichen Denkens verändert haben.
unterschiedlicher Meinung.
opinions about this.
philosophical debate.
philosophische Debatte.
even amenable to science?
wissenschaftlich beantworten?
how the ancient Greek cities looked
antike griechische Städte
rekonstruieren,
are the archaeological records,
archäologische Funde sind,
books of human culture,
der menschlichen Kultur
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
und radikale Hypothese:
we would call schizophrenics.
humans described in these books
unterschiedlichen Traditionen
and in different places of the world,
als hörten sie Stimmen,
as coming from the Gods,
oder den Musen kamen.
that they were the creators,
erschufen und besaßen.
about their own thoughts.
Gedanken zu reflektieren.
dass das Bewusstsein,
of our own existence --
Existenz zu beherrschen meinen,
kulturelle Entwicklung ist.
hat aber auch ein offenkundiges Problem:
and very specific examples.
sehr spezifischen Beispielen.
history only about 3,000 years ago
erst 3 000 Jahre alt ist,
and objective manner.
untersucht werden kann.
to go about this is quite obvious.
Herangehensweise ist klar.
and then he wrote,
einst aufwachte und schrieb:
a fully introspective consciousness."
Bewusstsein meiner selbst."
what is the essence of the problem.
of a concept that's never said.
finden, das nie ausgesprochen wurde.
does not appear a single time
taucht nie in den Büchern auf,
is to build the space of words.
eine Wortlandschaft erstellen,
that contains all words
der alle Wörter beinhaltet,
between any two of them
zwischen zwei Wörtern anzeigt,
closely related they are.
nah zusammen haben,
to be very close together,
to be very far away.
und "Logarithmus" weit auseinander.
for any two words within the space.
Wortpaar im Raum gelten.
that we can construct the space of words.
um diesen Raum herzustellen.
that when two words are related,
Wörter auch dazu neigen,
in den gleichen Absätzen
öfter als nur zufällig aufzutauchen.
just by pure chance.
hoch-dimensionalen Raumes nötig sind,
and high-dimensional space,
of how well this works,
kleinen Einblick zu geben,
we analyze this for some familiar words.
der Analyse von bekannten Wörtern.
dass sich die Wörter automatisch
into semantic neighborhoods.
wissenschaftliche Begriffe usw.
the scientific terms and so on.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
begriffliche Hierarchien.
die wissenschaftlichen Begriffe
break down into two subcategories
wo es sein soll.
at this for a while,
Entwicklungspfade konstruiert,
a bit like doing poetry.
is like walking in the mind.
durch unsere Denkweise.
what are our intuitions,
auch unsere Erwartung,
in the neighborhood of introspection.
der Selbstwahrnehmung gehören.
"reason," "emotion,"
"candle," "banana,"
of introspection,
der Selbstwahrnehmung,
and somehow vague,
of words as a trajectory
spends significant time
ob dieser Entwicklungspfad
der Selbstwahrnehmung kreist.
of introspection.
the history of introspection
der Selbstwahrnehmung
available written record.
Aufzeichnungen haben, rekonstruieren.
aus jedem Buch in dem Raum ab.
zur Selbstwahrnehmung
how close it is to introspection,
as time goes on and on,
ob im Laufe der Zeit
and closer and closer
der Selbstwahrnehmung
in the ancient Greek tradition.
in der antiken griechischen Tradition.
in the Homeric tradition,
in der Tradition Homers
an die Selbstwahrnehmung.
getting closer to introspection.
to an almost five-fold increase
immer weiter annäherten.
and closer and closer
in a different, independent tradition.
eigenständige Traditionen gilt.
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
die jüdisch-christliche Tradition
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
in den älteren Büchern des AT
des Heiligen Augustinus,
der Selbstwahrnehmung.
had been recognized by scholars,
Gelehrte, Philologen und Historiker
the father of modern psychology.
der modernen Psychologie.
of being quantitative,
quantitativ und objektiv
important conclusions
one of the beauties of science,
Schönheit von Wissenschaft,
can be translated
übertragen werden kann.
of different domains.
about the past of human consciousness,
des menschlichen Bewusstseins
Frage an uns selbst,
we can pose to ourselves
about the future of our own consciousness.
unseres eigenen Bewusstseins sagen kann.
of where our minds will be in a few days,
are now wearing sensors
help us prevent diseases,
Krankheiten zu vermeiden,
and analyzing the words we speak,
ob die Analyse der Wörter,
e-mailen und schreiben,
something may go wrong with our minds.
ob mit unserer Psyche etwas nicht stimmt.
meinem Projektpartner,
the recorded speech of 34 young people
von 34 jungen Leuten,
of developing schizophrenia.
we measured speech at day one,
of the speech could predict,
innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 3 Jahren
vorhersagen könnten.
nach dem anderen.
information in semantics
semantische Informationen,
organization of the mind.
der Psyche vorauszusagen.
of schizophrenics and a control group,
mit einer Kontrollgruppe zu vergleichen,
for the ancient texts,
onset of psychosis.
Psychosen vorherzusagen.
was not so much what they were saying,
was gesagt wurde,
neighborhoods the words were,
war nicht wichtig,
und die Länge der Sprünge
to the other one.
Gegend in die andere.
semantischer Kohärenzen vor.
in einer semantischen Thematik,
of speech within one semantic topic,
that for this group of 34 people,
stellte sich heraus,
coherence could predict,
der semantischen Kohärenz
that could not be achieved --
existing clinical measures.
gemessen werden.
while I was working on this,
back in Buenos Aires,
damals in Buenos Aires gewesen
he was living in New York.
denn es wurde nicht explizit gesagt --
because nothing was said explicitly --
that something was going wrong.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
seine Gefühle erraten konnte,
effective way to help.
close to understanding
that we all have,
alle haben und teilen,
a very different form of mental health,
eine andere Form psychischer Gesundheit,
and automated analysis
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com