Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
Мариано Сигман: Ваша речь может предсказать будущее вашего психического здоровья
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
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to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
исторические свидетельства о том,
aspects of human thought --
аспекты человеческой способности мыслить
that have shaped our culture
сформировавшие нашу культуру,
the structural columns of human thought.
человеческого мышления.
opinions about this.
на этот счёт.
philosophical debate.
это давний философский вопрос.
even amenable to science?
how the ancient Greek cities looked
древнегреческие города,
are the archaeological records,
как археологические находки,
books of human culture,
в истории культуры,
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
пришёл к радикальной гипотезе,
we would call schizophrenics.
как мы называем эту болезнь сегодня.
humans described in these books
описанные в этих книгах,
and in different places of the world,
и в разных концах света,
as coming from the Gods,
that they were the creators,
about their own thoughts.
что сознание,
в нашем сегодняшнем его понимании
of our own existence --
в собственной жизни, —
культурный феномен.
and very specific examples.
на нескольких специфических примерах.
history only about 3,000 years ago
у людей только 3 000 лет назад,
and objective manner.
to go about this is quite obvious.
представляет ещё одну сложность.
and then he wrote,
проснулся однажды и написал
a fully introspective consciousness."
интроспективным сознанием».
what is the essence of the problem.
of a concept that's never said.
о котором не говорится напрямую.
does not appear a single time
ни разу не встречается
is to build the space of words.
построить словарное пространство,
that contains all words
between any two of them
между любыми двумя словами
closely related they are.
близость друг к другу.
to be very close together,
расположатся неподалёку,
to be very far away.
будут очень далеко друг от друга.
for any two words within the space.
в этом пространстве.
that we can construct the space of words.
можно построить по-разному.
that when two words are related,
что близкие по смыслу слова
just by pure chance.
and high-dimensional space,
of how well this works,
насколько хорош этот метод,
we analyze this for some familiar words.
некоторых знакомых слов.
into semantic neighborhoods.
по семантическому соседству.
the scientific terms and so on.
и так далее.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
концепты образуют иерархию.
break down into two subcategories
at this for a while,
a bit like doing poetry.
есть что-то сродни поэзии.
is like walking in the mind.
с организацией мышления.
what are our intuitions,
наши интуитивные основания
in the neighborhood of introspection.
к смысловому полю интроспекции.
"reason," "emotion,"
«свеча», «банан»,
"candle," "banana,"
of introspection,
and somehow vague,
и беспредметными,
of words as a trajectory
в качестве траектории,
spends significant time
существенно эта траектория
of introspection.
концепта «интроспекция».
the history of introspection
историю интроспекции
available written record.
сохранились лучше всего.
how close it is to introspection,
близко к «интроспекции»,
as time goes on and on,
насколько с течением времени
and closer and closer
in the ancient Greek tradition.
происходило именно это.
in the Homeric tradition,
гомеровской эпохи
getting closer to introspection.
уровня интроспекции.
to an almost five-fold increase
резко карабкаться вверх,
and closer and closer
in a different, independent tradition.
независимых традициях.
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
для книг иудео-христианской традиции
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
в древнейших писаниях Ветхого Завета,
had been recognized by scholars,
the father of modern psychology.
отцом современной психологии.
of being quantitative,
important conclusions
исследовательскую традицию
one of the beauties of science,
can be translated
of different domains.
about the past of human consciousness,
о прошлом человеческого сознания,
we can pose to ourselves
возможно, самый сложный вопрос:
about the future of our own consciousness.
о будущем нашего сознания?
of where our minds will be in a few days,
через несколько дней,
are now wearing sensors
help us prevent diseases,
смогут предотвратить болезни.
and analyzing the words we speak,
отслеживание и анализ слов,
или пишем в твитах и имейлах,
something may go wrong with our minds.
будут ли у нас психические проблемы.
в этом приключении,
the recorded speech of 34 young people
аудиозаписи речи 34-х молодых людей,
of developing schizophrenia.
могла развиться шизофрения.
we measured speech at day one,
в первый день исследования
of the speech could predict,
могут ли характеристики речи
information in semantics
что произойдет с разумом в будущем,
organization of the mind.
of schizophrenics and a control group,
от контрольной группы,
for the ancient texts,
с древними текстами,
onset of psychosis.
не получалось.
was not so much what they were saying,
чтó они говорят,
neighborhoods the words were,
to the other one.
семантической согласованностью.
of speech within one semantic topic,
семантическое постоянство речи
that for this group of 34 people,
из 34-х человек
coherence could predict,
семантической согласованности,
that could not be achieved --
existing clinical measures.
клинические показатели.
while I was working on this,
что когда я над этим работал,
back in Buenos Aires,
Поло был моим первым учеником,
he was living in New York.
because nothing was said explicitly --
так как напрямую ни о чём не говорилось, —
that something was going wrong.
что что-то было не так.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
его истинные чувства,
effective way to help.
close to understanding
that we all have,
a very different form of mental health,
совсем другая форма психического здоровья,
and automated analysis
и автоматизированном анализе
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com