Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
ماریانو سیگمن: آیا حرفهای شما میتوانند سلامت روانی شما را در آینده پیش بینی کنند
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
یونانیان باستان چطور لباس میپوشیدند،
aspects of human thought --
عمیق ترین جنبه افکار انسان --
that have shaped our culture
که فرهنگ ما را شکل دادهاند
the structural columns of human thought.
تغییر داده باشند.
opinions about this.
در این باره داشته باشیم.
philosophical debate.
even amenable to science?
how the ancient Greek cities looked
are the archaeological records,
books of human culture,
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
فرضیهای بسیار عجیب و رادیکال ارائه داد:
we would call schizophrenics.
مبتلا به جنون جوانی بودند.
humans described in these books
انسانهای اولیه توصیف شده در این کتابها
and in different places of the world,
میشنیدند و از آنها پیروی میکردند
as coming from the Gods,
that they were the creators,
about their own thoughts.
آن را درک میکنیم،
of our own existence --
and very specific examples.
چند مثال به خصوص بنا شده است.
history only about 3,000 years ago
تاریخ ۳٫۰۰۰ ساله بشر به وجود آمده است را
and objective manner.
to go about this is quite obvious.
and then he wrote,
از خواب بلند شده باشد و نوشته باشد،
a fully introspective consciousness."
کاملا درونگرایانه رسیدهام.»
what is the essence of the problem.
of a concept that's never said.
که هیچ وقت به زبان نیامده است.
does not appear a single time
بررسی کنیم نیامده است.
is to build the space of words.
فضای کلمات را ایجاد کنیم.
that contains all words
between any two of them
closely related they are.
to be very close together,
خیلی به هم نزدیک میدانید،
to be very far away.
بسیار دور از هم هستند.
for any two words within the space.
درون فضا صدق کند.
that we can construct the space of words.
فضای کلمات وجود دارد.
با فرهنگ لغات میکنیم.
that when two words are related,
وقتی دو کلمه با هم مرتبط هستند،
just by pure chance.
and high-dimensional space,
با ابعاد زیاد است،
of how well this works,
we analyze this for some familiar words.
into semantic neighborhoods.
معنایی مرتب میشوند.
the scientific terms and so on.
و غیره را میبینید.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
مفاهیم را در سلسله مراتبی قرار میدهیم.
break down into two subcategories
به دو زیرمجموعه تقسیم میشوند
at this for a while,
a bit like doing poetry.
is like walking in the mind.
what are our intuitions,
in the neighborhood of introspection.
درون گرایی قرار بگیرند را هم نشان میدهد.
"reason," "emotion,"
«دلیل،» «احساس،»
"candle," "banana,"
of introspection,
and somehow vague,
و به نحوی گنگ تلقی میشد،
که کتابها را برداریم،
of words as a trajectory
یک مسیر مشخص کنیم
spends significant time
of introspection.
سپری میکند یا نه.
the history of introspection
available written record.
نوشته شده در دسترس تحلیل کنیم.
همه کتابها را برداشتیم --
how close it is to introspection,
با درون گرایی تحقیق کردیم،
as time goes on and on,
با گذشت زمان این کتابها
and closer and closer
in the ancient Greek tradition.
در سنتهای یونان باستان رخ داد.
in the Homeric tradition,
مربوط به آیین هومری،
getting closer to introspection.
به درون گرایی اتفاق میافتد.
to an almost five-fold increase
and closer and closer
in a different, independent tradition.
و مستقل دیگر هم صحت دارد یا نه.
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
آیین یهودی-مسیحی هم به کار بردیم،
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
در کتابهای قدیمی عهد عتیق،
had been recognized by scholars,
درون گرایی شناخته میشود.
the father of modern psychology.
پدر روانشناسی مدرن میدانند.
of being quantitative,
important conclusions
one of the beauties of science,
can be translated
of different domains.
about the past of human consciousness,
گذشته هوشیاری انسان پرسیدیم،
we can pose to ourselves
از خودمان بپرسیم این است که
about the future of our own consciousness.
آینده ذهن ما روشن کند یا نه.
of where our minds will be in a few days,
که ذهن ما چند روز دیگر،
are now wearing sensors
همین الان هم بسیاری از ما
help us prevent diseases,
از بیماریهای آینده آگاه کنند،
and analyzing the words we speak,
کلماتی که در حرف زدن،
یا نوشتن به کار میبریم،
something may go wrong with our minds.
ذهنمان باخبر کنند یا نه.
the recorded speech of 34 young people
صحبتهای ضبط شده ۳۴ جوان
of developing schizophrenia.
شیزوفرنی قرار داشتند انجام دادیم.
we measured speech at day one,
در روز اول بحث را تحلیل کردیم،
of the speech could predict,
را تحقیق کردیم.
information in semantics
organization of the mind.
آینده ذهن را پیش بینی کنیم.
of schizophrenics and a control group,
از سایرین تشخیص داد،
for the ancient texts,
درباره متون باستانی کردیم،
onset of psychosis.
was not so much what they were saying,
چیزهایی که میگوییم نباشند،
neighborhoods the words were,
to the other one.
گروهی دیگر اهمیت داشت.
of speech within one semantic topic,
یک معنی را مشخص میکنند
that for this group of 34 people,
coherence could predict,
به جنون مبتلا خواهد شد و چه کسی نه.
that could not be achieved --
existing clinical measures.
while I was working on this,
وقتی روی این کار میکردیم،
back in Buenos Aires,
he was living in New York.
because nothing was said explicitly --
درباره چه صحبت میکردند --
that something was going wrong.
که مشکلی وجود دارد.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
به احساس او پی ببرم،
effective way to help.
close to understanding
that we all have,
بینشی که همگی داریم،
a very different form of mental health,
بسیار متفاوتی از روان پزشکی باشیم،
and automated analysis
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com