Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
Mariano Sigman: Sõnakasutus võib ennustada muutusi vaimses tervises
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
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to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
kuidas vanad kreeklased riietusid,
aspects of human thought --
inimmõtlemise põhiomadused
that have shaped our culture
mis on kujundanud meie kultuuri
the structural columns of human thought.
inimaju toimimise mehhanismidele?
opinions about this.
erinevatel seisukohtadel.
philosophical debate.
filosoofilise vaidlusega.
even amenable to science?
how the ancient Greek cities looked
säilinud kivitüki järgi öelda
are the archaeological records,
kultuuri arheoloogiliseks varamuks,
raamatuid psühholoogilisest aspektist
books of human culture,
väga raju ja radikaalse hüpoteesi:
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
we would call schizophrenics.
alusel pidada skisofreenikuteks.
humans described in these books
geograafilisest asukohast
and in different places of the world,
kuulnud ja järginud hääli,
as coming from the Gods,
jumalate või muusade hääled.
mõtlemist hallutsineerimiseks.
that they were the creators,
loojaks, et hääled on nende peas.
sai inimesel tekkida sisekaemus,
about their own thoughts.
nagu me seda täna tajume,
of our own existence --
omaenese eksistentsi üle
aga sellega on üks mure:
and very specific examples.
väga spetsiifilistel näidetel.
mille kohasest enesest teadlikkus
history only about 3,000 years ago
vaid 3000 aastat tagasi,
and objective manner.
ja objektiivsel meetodil.
to go about this is quite obvious.
selle küsimuse keerukus.
and then he wrote,
ühel hommikul ja pani kirja:
a fully introspective consciousness."
väljakujunenud eneseteadvus "
what is the essence of the problem.
of a concept that's never said.
mida kunagi otseselt ei nimetada.
does not appear a single time
sõna "eneseteadlikkus".
is to build the space of words.
et panime kokku sõnapilve.
that contains all words
between any two of them
closely related they are.
kuivõrd seotud nad omavahel on.
to be very close together,
to be very far away.
üksteisest väga kaugel.
for any two words within the space.
sama põhimõtte järgi.
that we can construct the space of words.
nii nagu seda tehakse sõnastike puhul.
lähtuda lihtsast eeldusest,
that when two words are related,
koos samas lauses,
juhuse tõttu võiks ette tulla.
just by pure chance.
see lihtne meetod
tulenevalt sellest,
ja mitmedimensioonilise pilvega,
and high-dimensional space,
näitan teile, mis tuleb välja
of how well this works,
we analyze this for some familiar words.
hulka tavalisi sõnu.
into semantic neighborhoods.
tähenduselt lähedaste sõnade naabrusse.
arvutijupid, teaduslikud terminid jne.
the scientific terms and so on.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
paiknevad hierarhiliselt.
jagatud kahte alarühma:
break down into two subcategories
olevate astronoomiliste nähtuste vahel.
at this for a while,
ja juhuslikke sõnu kõrvutada,
a bit like doing poetry.
justkui jalutuskäik oma peas.
is like walking in the mind.
what are our intuitions,
ka meie sisetunnet selle kohta
in the neighborhood of introspection.
suunama sisekaemuse juurde.
"reason," "emotion,"
"jalgpall", "küünal" ja "banaan"
"candle," "banana,"
tekkimise ajaloost
of introspection,
and somehow vague,
kvantitatiivsete teaduslike meetoditega.
need ära digitaliseerida
of words as a trajectory
spends significant time
eneseteadvusega seotud mõistetele.
of introspection.
teket Vana-Kreeta kultuuris,
the history of introspection
parimad kirjalikud tõendid.
available written record.
kogutud sõnad sinna sõnapilve
how close it is to introspection,
paikneb eneseteadvusele
liikus ka raamatute sisu
as time goes on and on,
and closer and closer
eneseteadvuse kontseptsioonile.
in the ancient Greek tradition.
in the Homeric tradition,
getting closer to introspection.
to an almost five-fold increase
and closer and closer
selle meetodi juures
in a different, independent tradition.
täiesti erinevates traditsioonides.
judeo-kristliku traditsiooni
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
täpselt samasuguse tulemuse.
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
Vana Testamendi vanemates raamatutes,
4. sajandil peale Kristust.
had been recognized by scholars,
kui ka ajaloolased
psühholoogia isaks.
the father of modern psychology.
of being quantitative,
ja objektiivne analüüs
important conclusions
uurimistöö põhjapanevaid järeldusi.
one of the beauties of science,
can be translated
teistes valdkondades.
of different domains.
eneseteadvuse kujunemise minevikku,
about the past of human consciousness,
we can pose to ourselves
ka eneseteadvuse tuleviku kohta?
about the future of our own consciousness.
ütlevad midagi selle kohta,
of where our minds will be in a few days,
mõne kuu või mõne aasta pärast.
kasutavad erinevaid sensoreid,
are now wearing sensors
help us prevent diseases,
ennetada haigusi,
and analyzing the words we speak,
sõnade kaardistamine ja analüüs,
meilide, kirjade sisu,
something may go wrong with our minds.
hakkab midagi viltu minema.
vennaks sel avastusretkel,
inimese kõne salvestusi,
the recorded speech of 34 young people
of developing schizophrenia.
haigestuda skisofreeniasse.
we measured speech at day one,
analüüsisime kõnenäiteid
of the speech could predict,
millised kõne omadused võiksid ennustada,
piisavalt infot,
information in semantics
struktuuri kohta tulevikus.
organization of the mind.
gruppi kontrollgrupist,
of schizophrenics and a control group,
mida tegime ajalooliste tekstidega,
for the ancient texts,
vaimuhaiguse ilmnemist tulevikus.
onset of psychosis.
was not so much what they were saying,
mida need inimesed ütlesid,
semantiline asukoht vaid see
neighborhoods the words were,
to the other one.
semantiliseks koherentsiks,
ühe semantilise teema piires.
of speech within one semantic topic,
that for this group of 34 people,
ennustada 100% täpsusega
coherence could predict,
ei olnud varasemalt saavutatud
that could not be achieved --
existing clinical measures.
et kui ma selle teema kallal töötasin,
while I was working on this,
kunagi Buenos Aireses,
back in Buenos Aires,
he was living in New York.
sest midagi konkreetset ei olnud
because nothing was said explicitly --
that something was going wrong.
et midagi on valesti.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
tema sõnades ja tema tunnetes,
aga tõhusalt abi pakkuda.
effective way to help.
juba õnnestunud leida viis,
close to understanding
mis meil kõigil on olemas,
that we all have,
a very different form of mental health,
probleemidele hoopis teisiti läheneda,
and automated analysis
ja automaatselt analüüsida
või mida ütleme.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com