Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
Mariano Sigman: Kata-kata Anda dapat meramalkan kesehatan mental Anda di masa depan
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
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to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
darimana kita bisa tahu
aspects of human thought --
terdalam pemikiran manusia --
that have shaped our culture
yang telah membentuk budaya kita
the structural columns of human thought.
pilar sosial pemikiran manusia.
opinions about this.
yang berbeda tentang ini.
philosophical debate.
yang sudah berlangsung lama.
even amenable to science?
bisa diterima secara ilmiah?
sebagaimana halnya
how the ancient Greek cities looked
kota kuno Yunani
are the archaeological records,
books of human culture,
tentang budaya manusia,
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
yang sangat liar dan radikal di tahun 70an
we would call schizophrenics.
sekarang kita sebut skizofrenia.
pertama yang digambarkan di buku-buku itu
humans described in these books
and in different places of the world,
di tempat yang berbeda di dunia,
dan mematuhi suara
as coming from the Gods,
berasal dari Tuhan,
seiring berjalannya waktu,
that they were the creators,
merekalah yang menciptakan
mereka belajar berintrospeksi:
about their own thoughts.
tentang pikiran mereka sendiri.
pemahaman kita sekarang,
of our own existence --
pilot keberadaan kita sendiri --
yang relatif baru.
and very specific examples.
beberapa contoh yang sangat spesifik.
history only about 3,000 years ago
sejarah manusia sekitar 3.000 tahun lalu
and objective manner.
yang obyektif dan kuantitatif.
to go about this is quite obvious.
and then he wrote,
lalu menulis,
a fully introspective consciousness."
kesadaran introspeksi penuh."
what is the essence of the problem.
inti masalah sebenarnya.
of a concept that's never said.
yang belum pernah diutarakan.
does not appear a single time
satu kali pun
is to build the space of words.
membangun ruang kata-kata.
that contains all words
berisi semua kata-kata
between any two of them
jarak antara keduanya
closely related they are.
kata-kata tersebut.
to be very close together,
berdekatan,
to be very far away.
saling berjauhan.
for any two words within the space.
setiap pasang kata dalam ruang ini.
that we can construct the space of words.
ruang kata-kata ini.
that when two words are related,
bahwa ketika dua kata berhubungan,
dalam kalimat yang sama,
just by pure chance.
kebetulan semata.
untuk memproses
and high-dimensional space,
berdimensi tinggi ini,
agar Anda tahu seberapa efektif kerjanya,
of how well this works,
we analyze this for some familiar words.
kami menganalisis beberapa kata umum.
terkelompok atas kedekatan semantik.
into semantic neighborhoods.
the scientific terms and so on.
dan seterusnya.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
ada hierarki dalam konsep.
break down into two subcategories
terbagi atas 2 sub-kategori
menelaah banyak kata seperti ini.
at this for a while,
a bit like doing poetry.
is like walking in the mind.
berjalan di dalam pikiran.
what are our intuitions,
in the neighborhood of introspection.
pada kelompok introspeksi.
"reason," "emotion,"
"alasan," "perasaan,"
"candle," "banana,"
of introspection,
and somehow vague,
dan samar sebelumnya,
of words as a trajectory
menjadi lintasan
spends significant time
kata-kata ini berada cukup lama
of introspection.
dengan konsep introspeksi.
the history of introspection
available written record.
yang terbaik.
mengambil semua buku,
setiap kata dengan "introspeksi,"
how close it is to introspection,
as time goes on and on,
seiring berjalannya waktu,
and closer and closer
in the ancient Greek tradition.
pada tradisi Yunani kuno.
in the Homeric tradition,
buku tertua dalam tradisi Homer,
getting closer to introspection.
yang semakin mendekati introspeksi.
to an almost five-fold increase
hingga hampir lima kali lipat,
and closer and closer
adalah sekarang kita bisa bertanya,
in a different, independent tradition.
tradisi mandiri yang berbeda.
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
untuk tradisi Judeo-Kristen,
pola yang sama.
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
peningkatan kecil
had been recognized by scholars,
oleh para cendikiawan,
the father of modern psychology.
dia adalah bapak psikologi modern.
of being quantitative,
important conclusions
kesimpulan yang paling penting
one of the beauties of science,
salah satu keindahan sains,
can be translated
bisa diterjemahkan
of different domains.
banyak area yang berbeda.
about the past of human consciousness,
tentang masa lalu kesadaran manusia,
we can pose to ourselves
yang bisa kita tanyakan pada diri kita
about the future of our own consciousness.
masa depan kesadaran kita.
kita ucapkan sekarang
of where our minds will be in a few days,
kita dalam beberapa hari ke depan,
are now wearing sensors
kita sekarang menggunakan sensor
help us prevent diseases,
ini bisa mencegah penyakit,
memonitor dan menganalisis
and analyzing the words we speak,
something may go wrong with our minds.
yang salah di dalam pikiran kita.
dalam petualangan ini,
the recorded speech of 34 young people
rekaman pembicaraan 34 anak muda
of developing schizophrenia.
menderita skizofrenia.
we measured speech at day one,
di hari pertama,
of the speech could predict,
karakteristik ucapan mereka bisa
hampir tiga tahun,
di masa depan.
information in semantics
organization of the mind.
penataan pikiran.
of schizophrenics and a control group,
grup skizofrenia dan grup kendali,
for the ancient texts,
dengan teks-teks kuno,
onset of psychosis.
gangguan kejiwaan di masa depan.
was not so much what they were saying,
bukanlah apa yang mereka katakan,
neighborhoods the words were,
kata-kata itu melompat
to the other one.
ke yang lainnya.
of speech within one semantic topic,
dalam satu topik semantik,
that for this group of 34 people,
coherence could predict,
pertalian semantik bisa memprediksi,
gangguan jiwa dan siapa yang tidak.
that could not be achieved --
yang tidak dapat dicapai --
existing clinical measures.
yang sudah ada.
while I was working on this,
waktu saya mengerjakannya,
back in Buenos Aires,
sewaktu di Buenos Aires,
he was living in New York.
because nothing was said explicitly --
karena tidak ada yang eksplisit --
that something was going wrong.
yang tidak beres.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
lewat kata-kata, perasaannya,
effective way to help.
close to understanding
that we all have,
intuisi yang kita semua miliki,
a very different form of mental health,
mental yang berbeda di masa depan,
and automated analysis
kuantitatif dan otomatis
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com