Amishi Jha: How to tame your wandering mind
Amishi Jha: Cómo domar tu mente errante
As a neuroscientist specializing in the brain mechanisms of attention, Amishi Jha researches mindfulness techniques to optimize focus, even under high stress. Full bio
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of their brain capacity.
de nuestra capacidad cerebral.
puedo decirles
delivered this line
dijo esa frase
that makes him a great actor,
lo caracteriza como gran actor,
of their brain capacity.
de nuestra capacidad cerebral.
energy-demanding organ
eficiente y de alto consumo de energía
at full capacity being used,
of information overload.
sobrecarga de información.
than it can fully process.
puede procesar por completo.
este problema de sobrecarga,
the brain's computational resources
recursos computacionales del cerebro
as the leader of the brain.
lidera al cerebro.
the rest of the brain follows.
el resto del cerebro sigue.
the human brain's attention system.
de atención del cerebro humano.
I've been very interested in one question.
muy interesada en una pregunta.
that our attention is the brain's boss,
es la jefa del cerebro,
I wanted to know three things.
pregunta, quería saber tres cosas.
control our perception?
nuestra percepción?
foggy and distracted?
borrosa y de distracción?
about this fogginess,
respecto de esta borrosidad?
to pay better attention?
para prestar más atención?
in the work that we do in our lives.
que hacemos en nuestras vidas.
ends up getting utilized.
nuestra atención.
of somebody that I know quite well.
de alguien que conozco bastante bien.
group of people that we work with,
de personas con las que trabajamos,
is a matter of life and death.
una cuestión de vida o muerte.
Captain Jeff Davis.
de marina, el Capitán Jeff Davis.
with you, as you can see,
con Uds., como pueden ver,
por el campo de batalla.
en un puente, en Florida.
at the scenery around him,
el paisaje circundante,
driving off that bridge.
saltar de ese puente.
all of everything he had not to do so.
todo de sí el no hacerlo.
was thousands of miles away.
a miles de km de allí.
and, really, dread for his future.
y, realmente, temor por su futuro.
that he didn't take his life.
no se haya quitado la vida.
sabía que no era el único
knew that he wasn't the only one
quizá también sufrían.
probably were, too.
in the first-of-its-kind project
en el primer proyecto de este tipo
something called mindfulness training
llamado entrenamiento de atención plena
what mindfulness training is,
el entrenamiento de atención plena,
how attention works in the brain.
cómo funciona la atención en el cerebro.
involve brain-wave recordings.
registramos las ondas cerebrales.
la gente usa gorras de aspecto gracioso
people wear funny-looking caps
that have electrodes embedded in them.
que tienen electrodos incrustados.
the ongoing brain electrical activity.
eléctrica cerebral en curso.
temporal precision.
temporal de milisegundos.
voltage fluctuations over time.
voltaje detectables a lo largo del tiempo.
plot the timing of the brain's activity.
precisión la actividad del cerebro.
a face on the screen,
la investigación un rostro en la pantalla,
detectable brain signature.
muy confiable y detectable.
del cuero cabelludo,
that are involved in face processing.
involucradas en el procesamiento facial.
and so on cue,
tan confiable y bajo comando,
this brain-wave component a name.
a este componente de la onda cerebral.
in many of our studies.
en muchos de nuestros estudios.
that attention may have on our perception.
tener la atención en la percepción.
of the kind of experiments
del tipo de experimentos
images like this one.
a los participantes.
overlaid on each other.
y una escena superpuestos.
a nuestros participantes
of these types of overlaid images,
de estas imágenes superpuestas,
to pay attention to the face.
que presten atención al rostro.
de que lo están haciendo,
by pressing a button,
presionando un botón,
masculino o femenino.
was it indoor or outdoor?
¿era en un exterior o en un interior?
we can manipulate attention
were actually doing what we said.
realmente haciendo lo que les dijimos.
fueron las siguientes:
were as follows:
and affecting perception,
y afecta la percepción,
attention to the face,
la atención al rostro,
the face becomes barely perceptible
el rostro se vuelve apenas perceptible
la información de la escena.
of face detection, the N170,
de detección de rostros, el N170,
were paying attention --
prestaban atención los participantes,
attention to the face,
atención al rostro,
as you can see in red, it was smaller.
como pueden ver en rojo, este era menor.
between the blue and red lines
entre las líneas azul y roja
thing that changed,
were identical in both cases --
eran idénticas en ambos casos—
of actually seeing a face.
de ver realmente un rostro.
queríamos ver qué pasaría,
we wanted to see what would happen,
or diminish this effect.
o disminuir este efecto.
in a very stressful environment,
personas en un entorno muy estresante,
negative images,
perturbadoras y negativas,
on the news, unfortunately --
las noticias, desafortunadamente—
actually affect their attention.
while they're doing this experiment,
mientras hacen este experimento,
its power diminishes.
su poder disminuye.
que el estrés le hace esto al cerebro...
that stress does this to the brain --
has this powerful influence on attention
esta poderosa influencia en la atención
external distraction,
with an experiment
que hacer un experimento
generate their own mind-wandering.
que la gente se dispersara.
in an ongoing task of some sort.
una tarea de algún tipo.
is that essentially, you bore people.
con la mente, es hacerlos aburrir.
of mind-wandering happening right now.
que no vuelen demasiado con su mente.
of internal content to occupy themselves.
interno para entretenerse.
lo que podría considerarse
most boring experiments.
más aburridos del mundo.
were a series of faces on the screen,
una serie de rostros en la pantalla,
every time they saw the face.
cada vez que veían un rostro.
the face would be upside down,
el rostro estaba boca abajo,
just to withhold the response.
simplemente tetuvieran la respuesta.
they were successfully mind-wandering,
vagaban con la mente,
when that face was upside down.
cuando la cara estaba boca abajo.
that it was upside down.
ver que estaba boca abajo.
when people have mind-wandering.
cuando la gente vaga con su mente.
in the environment,
our own mind wandering,
nuestra propia mente divaga,
todos estos estudios?
is very powerful
es muy poderosa
it's also fragile and vulnerable.
es frágil y vulnerable.
and mind-wandering diminish its power.
distracción mental, disminuyen su poder.
very controlled laboratory settings.
laboratorios muy controlados.
about your attention
sobre su atención
for four out of the next eight minutes.
cuatro de los próximos ocho minutos.
so pay attention, please.
presten atención, por favor.
that you're going to remain seated
van a permanecer sentados
your eyes on me as I speak.
mientras hablo.
that we mind-wander,
sugiere nos dispersamos con la mente,
from the task at hand,
little trips that we take away,
que emprendemos,
any dire consequences
pero imaginen un líder militar
four minutes of a military briefing,
en una reunión informativa militar,
four minutes of testimony.
4 minutos de testimonio.
missing any time.
se dispersa en algún momento.
in those cases could be dire.
podrían ser nefastas.
por qué hacemos esto.
is an exquisite time-traveling master.
exquisita para viajar en el tiempo.
del reproductor de música, vemos esto.
of the music player, we see this.
that have already happened, right?
ya ocurridos, ¿verdad?
for the next thing that we want to do.
lo próximo que queremos hacer.
time-travel mode of the past or the future
en el tiempo pasado o futuro
without our awareness,
sin ser conscientes,
sin ser conscientes,
you were trying to read a book,
que intentaron leer un libro,
with no idea what the words were saying.
sin tener idea de qué decía.
without an awareness that we're doing it,
sin ser conscientes de hacerlo,
para tomar decisiones.
on the past when we rewind,
el pasado cuando retrocedemos,
ruminating, reliving or regretting
reviviendo o lamentando
o haciendo una catástrofe
thinking to yourself, OK,
podrían estar pensando, bien,
ser conscientes de ello.
and more often.
con más fuerza y más a menudo.
we can possibly do about this?
que la respuesta es sí.
estamos aprendiendo
and wandering mind is a mindful one.
y errante es una mente consciente.
with paying attention
con prestar atención
with awareness.
siendo conscientes de eso.
reactivity of what's happening.
emocional de lo que ocurre.
that button right on play
presionado ese botón
unfolding of our lives.
momento a momento de nuestra vida.
no es solo un concepto.
mode of being to have any benefits.
de ser para tener beneficios.
we're offering people programs
en ofrecer programas a la gente
a suite of exercises
of mindfulness in their life.
de atención en su vida.
que trabajamos, grupos de alto estrés,
that we work with, high-stress groups,
medical professionals --
profesionales médicos,
mind-wandering can be really dire.
puede ser algo terrible.
de ofrecerles restricciones accesibles,
we offer them very accessible,
to optimize the training,
el entrenamiento,
is track to see what happens,
para ver qué pasa,
circumstances that they may have.
más exigentes que puedan tener.
to students right around finals season.
a los estudiantes en temporada de finales.
to accountants during tax season.
a contables en temporada de impuestos.
while they're deploying.
en un despliegue.
is most likely to be vulnerable,
sea más vulnerable,
y de las dispersiones.
esté en plena forma
to be in peak shape
a series of attention tests.
de exámenes de atención.
of some kind of high-stress interval,
de algún intervalo de alto estrés,
we track them again,
la rastreamos nuevamente,
if there's a difference.
mindfulness training?
entrenamiento de conciencia plena?
the lapses in attention
los lapsos de atención
de alto estrés?
if we don't do anything at all,
que si no hacemos nada en absoluto,
of this high-stress interval than before.
de este intervalo de alto estrés.
we can protect against this.
plena, podemos protegernos contra esto.
just like the other groups,
al igual que los otros grupos,
take our training programs
programas de entrenamiento,
to doing the daily mindfulness exercises
diarios de atención plena,
how to be in the present moment,
en el momento presente,
even though they're in high stress.
a pesar de estar bajo alto estrés.
is actually important to realize,
importante
are very much like physical exercise:
se parecen mucho a los ejercicios físicos:
in mindfulness practice,
práctica de la atención plena,
to Captain Jeff Davis.
in the very first project
en el primer proyecto
offering mindfulness training.
entrenamiento de atención plena.
which was very heartening.
que fue muy alentador.
the mindfulness training
entrenamiento de atención plena
Captain Davis shared with us
compartió con nosotros
was the benefit of this program.
el beneficio de este programa.
they were much more present.
estaban mucho más presentes.
they were really more compassionate
realmente más compasivos
se relacionaban y con los demás.
engaging with and each other.
training program we offered
de atención plena que ofrecimos
post-traumatic stress disorder
del trastorno de estrés postraumático
into post-traumatic growth.
en un crecimiento postraumático.
that Captain Davis and I --
a decade ago, in 2008 --
to continue practicing mindfulness
from the Marine Corps.
de la Infantería de Marina.
to get remarried,
and transitions and joys of his life,
y transiciones y alegrías de su vida,
de atención plena.
just a few months ago,
heart attack, at the age of 46.
cardíaco masivo a los 46 años.
a few weeks ago.
to tell you something.
who worked on me, they saved my heart,
me salvaron el corazón,
to stop the ambulance
para detener la ambulancia
to the hospital," -- himself,
when there was fear and anxiety happening
del miedo y la ansiedad,
were the gifts of mindfulness."
de la atención plena".
to hear that he was OK.
that he had transformed his own attention.
transformar su atención.
that nearly drove him off a bridge --
leader and guide,
my call to action to all of you.
mi llamado a la acción a todos Uds.
as part of your daily wellness toolkit,
de su valija de bienestar diario,
to be a trusted guide in your own life.
de confianza para la propia vida.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amishi Jha - NeuroscientistAs a neuroscientist specializing in the brain mechanisms of attention, Amishi Jha researches mindfulness techniques to optimize focus, even under high stress.
Why you should listen
Neuroscientist Amishi Jha studies how to keep the brain’s attention systems in peak shape over high-pressure intervals. In her laboratory at the University of Miami, she uses functional MRI, electrophysiological recordings and behavioral analysis techniques to understand why our attention sometimes fails us, and if it can be trained for greater focus and less distractibility.
In 2008, Jha launched the first-ever study to offer mindfulness training tools to active duty military service members as they prepared for deployment. What she has discovered over the past 10 years of research on this topic is that without intervention, soldiers’ attention and working memory are compromised, and their attentional lapses increase. She has found similar patterns in students and athletes, too. The good news is that engaging in mindfulness training to cultivate greater present moment awareness protects against these effects. Her research is continuing to explore how attention can be trained for optimal performance and well-being. In her TED Talk, Jha unpacks how attention becomes vulnerable under stress and the mechanisms that allow it to be strengthened with mindfulness training.
Amishi Jha | Speaker | TED.com