Tom Griffiths: 3 ways to make better decisions -- by thinking like a computer
Tom Griffiths: Tres estrategias para tomar mejores decisiones... pensando como una computadora
Tom Griffiths uses ideas from computer science to understand how human minds work. Full bio
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a place to buy or rent,
o alquilar una propiedad,
to find a home here recently,
about what's out there
sobre lo que hay en el mercado,
corremos el riesgo de perdernos la mejor.
of the very best place passing you by.
to switch from looking
para dejar de mirar
that it has a simple solution.
que la solución es simple:
that you find the very best place,
de encontrar el mejor lugar,
of what's on the market,
de las propiedades en el mercado,
on the next place you see,
hasta ese momento.
that you've seen so far.
take 37 percent of that time --
tómense el 37 % de ese tiempo,
trying to find a place to live
buscar un lugar para vivir,
stopping problem.
de la parada óptima,
studied extensively
cognitivas computacionales.
to our dismal failures.
hasta nuestros peores fracasos.
the computational structure
computacional de los problemas
that arise in everyday life,
solutions to those problems
que un poco de ciencia computacional
a little bit of computer science
as an overly cerebral kid ...
era extraordinariamente intelectual...
that I thought was rational,
del modo que a mí me parecía racional,
buscando la mejor forma de actuar.
the very best action to take.
that doesn't scale up
the sorts of problems
to break up with my girlfriend
quise dejar a mi novia porque,
her preferences as well as my own
sus preferencias y las mías
the wrong approach
le parecía equivocado,
what restaurant to go to
como elegir un restaurante,
who to spend the rest of your life with,
con quién pasar el resto de tu vida,
with computational problems
computacionales demasiado difíciles
by applying sheer effort.
simplemente con esfuerzo.
consultar con los expertos:
the first people you think to talk to.
en preguntarle a un informático.
exhaustive and exact --
exhaustiva y exacta,
of human decisions
de las decisiones humanas,
we've got this backwards.
en realidad, es al revés.
of difficult problems
los problemas difíciles de la vida,
actually solve those problems
that people really act.
en la que realmente actúan las personas.
what restaurant to go to.
la elección de un restaurante.
a particular computational structure.
computacional particular.
one of those options,
que decidir exactamente lo mismo.
exactly the same decision tomorrow.
what computer scientists call
si vamos a probar algo nuevo,
to try something new --
que podría servirnos en el futuro,
to use in the future --
que ya sabemos que es bueno,
that you already know is pretty good --
recopilada previamente.
that you've already gathered so far.
shows up any time you have to choose
se da cuando elegimos
que ya sabemos que es bueno,
that you already know is pretty good,
who you're going to spend time with.
las empresas de tecnología
that technology companies face
like decide what ad to show on a web page.
un anuncio para poner en Internet.
un anuncio nuevo y ver qué pasa,
and learn something about it,
que muy probablemente nos hará cliquear?
chance you're going to click on?
los informáticos han hecho grandes avances
a lot of progress understanding
perspectivas sorprendentes.
some surprising insights.
what restaurant to go to,
vamos a estar en la ciudad.
you're going to be in town.
for a short time,
you already know is good.
for a longer time, explore.
más tiempo, entonces exploremos.
because the information you get
y recolectemos información
your choices in the future.
a elegir mejor en el futuro.
you're going to have to use it.
sobre la estructura de la vida humana.
of a human life as well.
for being particularly rational.
por ser particularmente racionales.
in their mouths.
what they should be doing.
lo que deberían hacer.
phase of their lives,
could turn out to be delicious.
podrían resultar deliciosas.
to the same restaurant
va al mismo restaurante
that he's earned
el dilema exploración-explotación
the explore/exploit trade-off
to sort of relax and go easier on yourself
al mejor restaurante.
to the best restaurant every night.
than one pretty good dinner.
to make it easier on us
también puede ayudarnos
to tidy up your wardrobe,
que organizar el ropero,
agonizing decision:
una decisión sumamente difícil:
you're going to keep
to have thought very hard about this --
estuvo pensando mucho en esto,
of something that I already own?
I wore it or used it?"
even harder about this problem,
aún más en este tema,
is more important than the others.
es más importante que las otras.
the memory systems of computers.
de las computadoras.
two kinds of memory systems:
that has limited capacity,
con capacidad limitada,
which is much larger.
que es mucho más grande.
as efficiently as possible,
lo más eficiente posible,
you want to access
a piece of information,
en la memoria rápida,
it has to remove from that memory,
qué sacar de esa memoria,
han probado distintas estrategias
a few different strategies
de la memoria rápida.
from the fast memory.
eliminar algo aleatoriamente
something at random
the "first-in, first-out principle,"
"primero en entrar, primero en salir",
lo que lleva más tiempo allí.
for the longest.
which have been least recently used.
que hace más tiempo que no se usan.
to remove something from memory,
algo de la memoria,
por última vez hace más tiempo.
last accessed the furthest in the past.
kind of logic to this.
accessed that piece of information,
que accedimos a esa información,
to access it again.
the computer's memory.
que la memoria de la computadora.
the things that you're most likely to need
lo que más probablemente vayamos a usar
as quickly as possible.
lo más rápido posible.
the least recently used principle
aplicar este principio
to Martha's four questions,
would say that of these,
likely to need are most accessible
lo que usamos con más frecuencia,
that has exactly this property.
que tiene exactamente esta propiedad.
from the left-hand side.
empezando por la izquierda.
y ponía el nuevo documento a la izquierda.
to the left-hand side of the box.
a document, he'd take it out,
en la caja, a la izquierda.
on the left-hand side.
ordered from left to right
ordenados de izquierda a derecha
what he was looking for
rápidamente lo que buscaba,
y continuaba hacia la derecha.
side of the box
and implement this filing system --
a implementar esto en sus casas,
that you probably already have.
que probablemente ya lo han hecho.
que tienen sobre el escritorio...
as messy and disorganized,
de desprolija y desorganizada,
perfectly organized --
está perfectamente ordenada.
to be ordered from top to bottom
ordenados de arriba a abajo
enseguida lo que buscan
what you're looking for
problems in your life.
más urgentes en sus vidas.
are simply very, very hard.
que resolver son muy, pero muy difíciles.
la informática puede ofrecer estrategias.
what makes the most sense
tratan de hacer lo más razonable,
into simpler problems --
en problemas más simples
o permitiendo aproximaciones.
or by allowing approximations.
into the harder problems,
los problemas más difíciles,
pretty good solutions in their own right.
bastante buenas.
to relax when I have to make decisions.
a relajarme en la toma de decisiones.
for finding a home as an example.
para buscar una casa, por ejemplo.
consider all of the options,
todas las opciones,
the optimal strategy,
el resultado perfecto.
the very best place is --
el mejor lugar es,
can help to make us more forgiving
la informática puede ayudarnos
just processes.
el resultado, solo el proceso.
the best process,
involve taking a chance --
implica correr un riesgo:
for a pretty good solution.
con una solución bastante buena.
that we make when we can't be rational --
cuando no podemos ser racionales;
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Griffiths - Psychologist, cognitive scientistTom Griffiths uses ideas from computer science to understand how human minds work.
Why you should listen
Tom Griffiths's research explores connections between natural and artificial intelligence to discover how people solve the challenging computational problems they encounter in everyday life. Currently the Henry R. Luce Professor of Information Technology, Consciousness, and Culture at Princeton University, his work has received awards from organizations ranging from the American Psychological Association to the Sloan Foundation.
In 2016, Griffiths and his friend and collaborator Brian Christian published Algorithms to Live By, a book that illustrates how understanding the algorithms used by computers can inform human decision-making (and vice versa). The book was named one of the Amazon.com "Best Science Books of 2016" and appeared on Forbes's "Must-read brain books of 2016" list as well as the MIT Technology Review's "Best books of 2016" list.
Tom Griffiths | Speaker | TED.com