Tom Griffiths: 3 ways to make better decisions -- by thinking like a computer
تام گریفیتس: سه راه برای تصمیمگیری بهتر -- با فکر کردن مثل یک کامپیوتر
Tom Griffiths uses ideas from computer science to understand how human minds work. Full bio
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a place to buy or rent,
اجاره یا خرید سخت باشد،
to find a home here recently,
خانهای اینجا پیدا کنید،
about what's out there
of the very best place passing you by.
از دست داده باشید میپذیرید.
to switch from looking
چه زمانی باید بین نگاه کردن
that it has a simple solution.
یک راه حل ساده داشته باشد.
that you find the very best place,
بهترین خانه را حداکثر کنید،
of what's on the market,
on the next place you see,
that you've seen so far.
take 37 percent of that time --
۳۷ درصد از این زمان،
trying to find a place to live
برای یافتن جایی برای زندگی
stopping problem.
studied extensively
to our dismal failures.
تا شکستهای ناامیدکننده کار میکند.
the computational structure
that arise in everyday life,
solutions to those problems
a little bit of computer science
انسانها را سادهتر کند.
as an overly cerebral kid ...
به عنوان یک بچه شدیداً متفکر ...
that I thought was rational,
که فکر میکردم منطقی است،
the very best action to take.
that doesn't scale up
the sorts of problems
to break up with my girlfriend
با دوست دخترم به هم بزنم،
her preferences as well as my own
دو نفرمان را در نظر بگیریم
the wrong approach
what restaurant to go to
کدام رستوران برویم
who to spend the rest of your life with,
با چه کسی باقی عمرمان را سپری کنیم،
with computational problems
مشکلات محاسباتی است
by applying sheer effort.
حل کردن آنها بسیار سخت است.
the first people you think to talk to.
کسانی نیستند که با آنها حرف بزنید.
exhaustive and exact --
of human decisions
برای تصمیمات بشر
we've got this backwards.
of difficult problems
سخت پیش آمده در زندگی
actually solve those problems
مشکلات این چینی دارند
that people really act.
what restaurant to go to.
به چه رستورانی برویم.
a particular computational structure.
one of those options,
exactly the same decision tomorrow.
مشابهی انجام بدهید.
what computer scientists call
که مهندسان کامپیوتر به آن
to try something new --
to use in the future --
برای شما کارآمد باشند --
that you already know is pretty good --
میدانید خیلی خوب است --
that you've already gathered so far.
حاضر دارید استفاده کنید.
shows up any time you have to choose
هر زمانی که مجبور به انتخاب
that you already know is pretty good,
خیلی خوب است نمایان میشود
who you're going to spend time with.
that technology companies face
تکنولوژی هم دارند
like decide what ad to show on a web page.
تبلیغی را نمایش دهند.
and learn something about it,
و چیزی دربارهاش یاد بگیرند،
chance you're going to click on?
بر روی آن کلیک کنید بالا است؟
a lot of progress understanding
some surprising insights.
هیجانانگیزی را در بر دارد.
what restaurant to go to,
چه رستورانی بروید،
you're going to be in town.
زمانی در شهر اقامت دارید.
for a short time,
you already know is good.
که می دانید خوب است.
for a longer time, explore.
because the information you get
چون اطلاعاتی که
your choices in the future.
تصمیمگیری بهتر در آینده خواهد شد.
you're going to have to use it.
استفاده به دست خواهید آورد.
of a human life as well.
for being particularly rational.
in their mouths.
what they should be doing.
که باید انجام دهند.
phase of their lives,
could turn out to be delicious.
تبدیل به چیز خوشمزه شود.
to the same restaurant
that he's earned
زندگی جمع کرده است،
the explore/exploit trade-off
to sort of relax and go easier on yourself
to the best restaurant every night.
بهترین رستوران بروید،
چیزهای جدیدی را کاوش کنید.
than one pretty good dinner.
to make it easier on us
to tidy up your wardrobe,
کمد خود را مرتب کنید،
agonizing decision:
مهم رو به رو خواهید شد:
you're going to keep
چه چیزهایی را نگه دارید
to have thought very hard about this --
به این مساله فکر میکند--
این چهار سوال را بپرسید:
of something that I already own?
I wore it or used it?"
و یا استفاده کردم کی بود؟»
even harder about this problem,
به این مسأله فکر کردند
is more important than the others.
بسیار مهمتر از بقیه است.
the memory systems of computers.
طراحی کردهاند.
two kinds of memory systems:
نوع سیستم ذخیره سازی دارند:
that has limited capacity,
که ظرفیت محدودی دارند،
which is much larger.
که حجم بسیار بیشتری دارد.
as efficiently as possible,
تا جای ممکن کارآمد باشد،
you want to access
دسترسی به آنها را دارید
a piece of information,
it has to remove from that memory,
باید از حافظه سریع حذف شوند،
a few different strategies
برای تصمیم گیری برای این که
from the fast memory.
را امتحان کردهاند.
something at random
the "first-in, first-out principle,"
باید اول خارج شود،
for the longest.
which have been least recently used.
اخیرا استفاده شدهاند.
to remove something from memory,
که چه چیزی را از حافظه پاک کنید،
last accessed the furthest in the past.
که از مدتها پیش استفاده نشده است.
kind of logic to this.
accessed that piece of information,
از اطلاعات استفاده نکردید،
to access it again.
the computer's memory.
ذخیرهسازی کامپیوتر است.
the things that you're most likely to need
که بیشتر به آنها احتیاج دارید
as quickly as possible.
دسترسی خواهید داشت.
the least recently used principle
استفاده ارزشمند باشد.
to Martha's four questions,
would say that of these,
likely to need are most accessible
چیزها دم دست شما باشند
that has exactly this property.
که دقیقا چنین ویژگی دارد.
from the left-hand side.
to the left-hand side of the box.
a document, he'd take it out,
on the left-hand side.
ordered from left to right
what he was looking for
side of the box
and implement this filing system --
روش طبقهبندی اسناد --
that you probably already have.
یکی از اینها را دارید.
as messy and disorganized,
perfectly organized --
کاملا مرتب شده است --
to be ordered from top to bottom
what you're looking for
چیزی که دنبالش هستید را با
problems in your life.
are simply very, very hard.
راهکارهایی را پیشنهاد دهد
what makes the most sense
into simpler problems --
سادهتر شروع میکند --
or by allowing approximations.
و یا اضافه کردن تقریبها.
into the harder problems,
pretty good solutions in their own right.
to relax when I have to make decisions.
نوعی آرامش در حین تصمیمگیری داشته باشم.
for finding a home as an example.
کردن یک خانه استفاده کنید.
consider all of the options,
the optimal strategy,
the very best place is --
can help to make us more forgiving
در مورد محدودیتهای خود
just processes.
the best process,
فرآیند استفاده کنید،
involve taking a chance --
شامل استفاده از شانس است
for a pretty good solution.
با بهترین راه حل ممکن.
that we make when we can't be rational --
نمیتوانیم منطقی باشیم از دست میدهیم --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tom Griffiths - Psychologist, cognitive scientistTom Griffiths uses ideas from computer science to understand how human minds work.
Why you should listen
Tom Griffiths's research explores connections between natural and artificial intelligence to discover how people solve the challenging computational problems they encounter in everyday life. Currently the Henry R. Luce Professor of Information Technology, Consciousness, and Culture at Princeton University, his work has received awards from organizations ranging from the American Psychological Association to the Sloan Foundation.
In 2016, Griffiths and his friend and collaborator Brian Christian published Algorithms to Live By, a book that illustrates how understanding the algorithms used by computers can inform human decision-making (and vice versa). The book was named one of the Amazon.com "Best Science Books of 2016" and appeared on Forbes's "Must-read brain books of 2016" list as well as the MIT Technology Review's "Best books of 2016" list.
Tom Griffiths | Speaker | TED.com