Kevin B. Jones: Why curiosity is the key to science and medicine
Kevin Jones: Por qué la curiosidad es clave para la ciencia y la medicina
Kevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us. Full bio
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en muchos de Uds.
unhappy memories of boredom
en la escuela.
que lo que hacían ahí
de la ciencia.
of what other people had discovered.
otras personas habían descubierto.
es conocimiento en proceso.
guess an explanation for that observation,
para tal observación,
that we can test
que podemos probar
that the Earth was below, the sky above,
estaba abajo, el cielo arriba,
seemed to go around them.
el centro del universo.
the center of the universe.
alrededor de la Tierra.
should circle around the Earth.
on one of the first telescopes,
uno de los primeros telescopios,
to follow the path of Jupiter
also was not going around the Earth
no estaba orbitando la Tierra,
the discarding of the theory
of the universe.
noticed that things fall to the Earth.
should fall to the Earth.
no todo cae a la Tierra
does fall to the Earth.
gravity pulls things to the Earth
los objetos hacia la Tierra
and opposite force in the other direction.
una fuerza igual y opuesta
to the bird and the bird's wings,
from that line of thinking.
de esa línea de pensamiento.
the exceptions, the outliers
and lead us to something new.
This is how science learns.
Así aprende la ciencia.
and even more rarely,
has been scientifically proven.
that science never proves anything
de forma definitiva
lo suficientemente curiosa para buscar
en realidad no sabemos.
por un momento.
here for a second.
to different people,
del discurso público de medicina,
public discourse on medicine
en un problema de ingeniería.
an engineering problem.
that try to figure out how to pay for it.
how best to distribute medicine,
are absolutely obsessed
más segura de aplicar la medicina.
how best to safely apply medicine.
de nuestra asistencia médica
the quality of our health care
podemos acceder a ella
that in this climate,
for the provision of health care
proveedoras de salud
like Jiffy Lube.
when I graduated from medical school,
de la facultad de medicina,
little doohickeys
has to plug into your car
de dicha observación,
of that observation,
that we can test.
que podemos testear.
of most predictions in medicine
de las predicciones de medicina
from those boring days in biology class
en las clases de biología
from a guessed explanation,
de una explicación supuesta,
lo que sabemos en medicina,
el siguiente caso aparte
a pacientes con sarcoma.
muy extraña de cáncer.
of my patients is an outlier,
de mis pacientes es un caso aparte,
en un paciente de sarcoma
for a sarcoma patient
by a randomized controlled clinical trial,
controlado aleatorizado.
of population-based evidence in medicine.
de evidencia médica
más allá de lo establecido
outside the box,
no existe nada establecido
a bath in the uncertainty
and outliers that surround us in sarcoma
are those two most important values
valores más importantes
albeit distinct patient with sarcoma.
pero único, con sarcoma.
international collaborations.
colaboraciones internacionales
to talk to each other through chat rooms
of humbly curious communication
humilde y curiosa
humilde y curiosa
the ankle to serve as the knee
remover la rodilla con cáncer
with the cancer.
y correr y saltar y jugar
and run and jump and play.
internacionales.
who had experienced it.
que lo habían experimentado.
y los casos aparte en la medicina
but also lead us to new thinking.
a nuevas ideas.
and exceptions lead us to in medicine
aparte y excepciones
to the outliers and exceptions.
from sarcoma patients
no solo aprendemos
y las excepciones
que son bastante importantes
to the general population.
draw our attention
atraen nuestra atención
of perhaps what a tree is.
de lo que es un árbol.
losing the forests for the trees,
que definen a un árbol,
that define a tree,
raíces y ramas,
and roots and branches,
has very unusual relationships
relaciones muy extrañas
in the general population.
en la población general.
of all cancers.
se considera como una enfermedad genética.
is considered a genetic disease.
que el cáncer es causado por oncogenes
that cancer is caused by oncogenes
apagados para causar cáncer.
that are turned off to cause cancer.
that we learned about oncogenes
from common cancers
próstata y de pulmón
and tumor suppressor genes
y genes supresores de tumores
of cancers called sarcoma.
llamado sarcoma.
obtuvo el premio Nobel
y Mike Bishop descubrieron
and Mike Bishop discovered
that src is the most important oncogene.
es el oncogen más importante.
es el oncogen activado
turned on oncogene in all of cancer.
about the rest of biology.
tumor suppressor gene.
de tumores más importante
tumor suppressor gene
no activo más frecuente
por los cánceres comunes.
from common cancers.
los doctores Li y Fraumeni
when doctors Li and Fraumeni
de uno en un millón
in a million diagnosis,
decir, correctamente,
de las alas de un pájaro.
about a bird's wing.
floating around some planet Jupiter.
may lead to the advancement of science,
de la ciencia,
with rare and deadly diseases.
con enfermedades raras y letales.
or "There's nothing more we can do."
'no hay nada que más que podamos hacer'
turn on a single word:
se transforman en una sola palabra:
puede ser muy incómodo.
in these conversations.
en estas conversaciones.
that are being done?
you see this phrase, "no where."
'ningún cuando'
al cuarto de un paciente.
one of my patients' rooms.
with a bone cancer a few days before.
con cáncer de huesos unos días antes.
con doctores de quimioterapia
with the chemotherapy doctors
para comenzar el tratamiento.
to the hospital to begin chemotherapy.
cuando llegué a su cuarto
when I got to his room.
to chat with me for a few minutes.
era el protocolo de quimioterapia
what she had been reading
that the chemotherapy doctors
me dijo que no siempre
and I think I can do it.
y creo poder hacerlo.
with these very difficult treatments.
estos difíciles tratamientos
I'm going to move in with my parents.
me mudaré con mis padres.
no importa en mi vida'
matter in my life."
a whole lot in your life.
mucho en su vida.
predicciones en poblaciones,
we test predictions in populations,
embedded in the general population,
es parte de la población general,
nor the physician knows
the individual will land.
se encontrará el individuo.
a better or a worse result for you.
o algo bueno o malo para ti.
conversaciones confianzudas.
confident conversations.
no funcionan tan bien,
removed a tumor from a patient's limb.
de la extremidad de un paciente.
he talked about his concern
habló de esta preocupación
tenía un alto riesgo
for coming back in the same limb.
lo que un paciente quería:
and you're good to go."
opened a bottle of champagne.
abrieron una botella de champán.
unas semanas después,
another nodule in the same area.
en la misma área.
and she wasn't good to go.
absolutely fascinates me.
en esta instancia me fascina.
a este paciente por mí?
looking after this patient for me?"
to do as well as I do.
que hacer igual que yo.
after this patient for me."
más invasiva.
a much more invasive surgery
muy diferente con la paciente después.
with the patient afterwards.
que lo haya sacado todo
that we're doing.
que estamos realizando.
Esto es lo que buscaré.
to find out if this surgery will work
para eliminar tu cáncer'.
after talking to me.
después de hablarme.
will be that patient sometime very soon.
serán ese paciente pronto.
únanse a la conversación.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin B. Jones - Cancer researcherKevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us.
Why you should listen
Kevin B. Jones diagnoses and performs surgeries to remove rare cancers called sarcomas from the limbs of children and adults. Counseling patients -- especially teenagers with bone cancers -- about the decisions they must make with regard to their bodies has brought the uncertainties of medicine into keen focus for him. How does a person decipher what medicine has told her? How can a person choose among options given very limited understanding of the implications of each? Intrigued by these riddles and conundrums that patient-physician communication frequently creates, Jones wrote a book, What Doctors Cannot Tell You: Clarity, Confidence and Uncertainty in Medicine.
Jones also runs a scientific research laboratory focused on the biology of sarcomas. Here, his team studies the decisions cells make on the way to becoming a cancer. Again the complexities and uncertainties inherent to these decisions are in full relief.
Jones sees patients and does surgery as an associate professor at the University of Utah in the Department of Orthopaedics, working at both Primary Children's Hospital and the Huntsman Cancer Institute. His laboratory is in the Huntsman Cancer Institute, where he is an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Oncological Sciences.
Jones studied English literature at Harvard, medicine at Johns Hopkins, orthopedic surgery at the University of Iowa, and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Toronto. He lives in Salt Lake City with his wife and four children.
Kevin B. Jones | Speaker | TED.com