Kevin B. Jones: Why curiosity is the key to science and medicine
Kevin Jones: Pourquoi la curiosité est la clé de la science et de la médecine
Kevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us. Full bio
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unhappy memories of boredom
à de malheureux moments d'ennui
ou de physique au lycée.
of what other people had discovered.
avaient découvert.
ce qui m'intéresse,
guess an explanation for that observation,
en devinons une explication
that we can test
that the Earth was below, the sky above,
était en-dessous, le ciel au-dessus
seemed to go around them.
semblaient tourner autour.
the center of the universe.
au centre de l'univers.
should circle around the Earth.
autour de la Terre.
on one of the first telescopes,
sur l'un des premiers télescopes
to follow the path of Jupiter
pour suivre le chemin de Jupiter
also was not going around the Earth
ne tournait pas autour de la Terre
the discarding of the theory
of the universe.
était le centre de l'univers.
noticed that things fall to the Earth.
que les choses tombaient par terre.
should fall to the Earth.
tomber par terre.
does fall to the Earth.
gravity pulls things to the Earth
attirait les choses vers la Terre,
and opposite force in the other direction.
et opposée dans l'autre direction.
quelque chose de nouveau.
to the bird and the bird's wings,
aux oiseaux et à leurs ailes.
from that line of thinking.
the exceptions, the outliers
les cas particuliers
and lead us to something new.
et nous mènent à une chose nouvelle.
This is how science learns.
C'est ainsi que la science apprend.
and even more rarely,
et plus en plus rarement,
has been scientifically proven.
a été scientifiquement prouvée.
that science never proves anything
que la science ne prouve jamais rien
reste assez curieuse
here for a second.
pour différentes personnes
to different people,
public discourse on medicine
an engineering problem.
that try to figure out how to pay for it.
des compagnies d'assurance
how best to distribute medicine,
au mieux les médicaments.
are absolutely obsessed
how best to safely apply medicine.
au mieux la médecine.
the quality of our health care
de nos soins de santé
that in this climate,
for the provision of health care
proposant des soins de santé
like Jiffy Lube.
when I graduated from medical school,
quand j'ai reçu mon diplôme de médecine,
little doohickeys
has to plug into your car
doit mettre dans votre voiture
of that observation,
that we can test.
of most predictions in medicine
pour la plupart des prédictions,
from those boring days in biology class
de ces jours ennuyeux en cours de biologie
from a guessed explanation,
issue d'une conjecture,
ce que nous savons,
ayant un sarcome.
très rare de cancer.
of my patients is an outlier,
est un cas particulier,
for a sarcoma patient
sur un patient atteint de sarcome
by a randomized controlled clinical trial,
randomisé et contrôlé,
of population-based evidence in medicine.
basée sur la population.
outside the box,
des sentiers battus,
il n'y a même pas de sentier.
a bath in the uncertainty
and outliers that surround us in sarcoma
les cas particuliers
are those two most important values
des valeurs les plus importantes
albeit distinct patient with sarcoma.
similaire bien que distinct.
international collaborations.
des collaborations internationales.
to talk to each other through chat rooms
dans des espaces de discussion,
of humbly curious communication
de communication humblement curieuse
à apprendre de nouvelles choses.
humblement curieuse
the ankle to serve as the knee
transformer la cheville
with the cancer.
ôter le genou avec le cancer.
and run and jump and play.
courir, sauter et jouer.
internationales.
who had experienced it.
d'autres patients ayant vécu cela.
et cas particuliers
but also lead us to new thinking.
et nous offrent de nouvelles logiques.
and exceptions lead us to in medicine
auxquelles les exceptions nous mènent
to the outliers and exceptions.
aux exceptions et cas particuliers.
from sarcoma patients
nous n'apprenons pas seulement
to the general population.
importantes pour le grand public.
draw our attention
attirent notre attention
of perhaps what a tree is.
ce qu'un arbre peut être.
losing the forests for the trees,
that define a tree,
qui définissent un arbre,
and roots and branches,
les racines et les branches
has very unusual relationships
très inhabituelles
et les branches,
in the general population.
les sarcomes sont rares.
of all cancers.
is considered a genetic disease.
est considéré être une maladie génétique.
that cancer is caused by oncogenes
that are turned off to cause cancer.
suppresseurs de tumeur.
les gènes suppresseurs de tumeur,
that we learned about oncogenes
from common cancers
comme le cancer du sein, de la prostate
and tumor suppressor genes
of cancers called sarcoma.
appelés sarcomes.
de sarcome transmissible.
and Mike Bishop discovered
et Mike Bishop ont découvert
that src is the most important oncogene.
est l'oncogène le plus important.
turned on oncogene in all of cancer.
activé dans tous les cancers.
et nous a menés
about the rest of biology.
pour le reste de la biologie.
tumor suppressor gene.
gène suppresseur de tumeur.
tumor suppressor gene
from common cancers.
dans les cancers communs
when doctors Li and Fraumeni
in a million diagnosis,
about a bird's wing.
des ailes des oiseaux,
floating around some planet Jupiter.
autour d'une planète Jupiter,
may lead to the advancement of science,
à des avancées scientifiques,
with rare and deadly diseases.
ayant des maladies rares et mortelles.
or "There's nothing more we can do."
ou « On ne peut rien faire de plus ».
turn on a single word:
se réduisent à un seul mot :
in these conversations.
lors de ces conversations.
that are being done?
you see this phrase, "no where."
« no where » signifiant « nulle part ».
soit « ici, maintenant ».
l'espace d'un cran.
one of my patients' rooms.
dans la chambre d'un patient.
with a bone cancer a few days before.
avec un cancer des os peu auparavant.
with the chemotherapy doctors
les chimiothérapeutes
to the hospital to begin chemotherapy.
pour commencer la chimiothérapie.
when I got to his room.
to chat with me for a few minutes.
pour discuter avec moi.
what she had been reading
that the chemotherapy doctors
que les chimiothérapeutes
and I think I can do it.
et je pense pouvoir le faire.
with these very difficult treatments.
à ces traitements très difficiles.
I'm going to move in with my parents.
Je vais retourner chez mes parents.
pourraient dire : « Et alors ?
matter in my life."
probablement pas dans ma vie. »
a whole lot in your life.
peut-être pas beaucoup dans votre vie.
des blancs en médecine
que je ne vous ai pas dit.
we test predictions in populations,
dans les populations
ne vous le dit pas,
embedded in the general population,
ancré dans le grand public,
nor the physician knows
the individual will land.
dans la population.
avec la médecine
a better or a worse result for you.
un résultat meilleur ou pire.
confident conversations.
débordantes de confiance.
removed a tumor from a patient's limb.
une tumeur d'un membre d'une patiente.
he talked about his concern
il a parlé de son inquiétude
for coming back in the same limb.
de revenir dans le même membre.
and you're good to go."
opened a bottle of champagne.
autour d'un dîner, a ouvert du champagne.
another nodule in the same area.
dans la même zone.
and she wasn't good to go.
ce n'était pas bon du tout.
absolutely fascinates me.
m'a vraiment fasciné.
looking after this patient for me?"
de cette patiente pour moi ? »
to do as well as I do.
que moi ce qu'il faut faire.
after this patient for me."
prends soin d'elle pour moi. »
a much more invasive surgery
bien plus invasive
with the patient afterwards.
avec la patiente ensuite.
that we're doing.
est une expérience.
to find out if this surgery will work
va fonctionner
after talking to me.
de champagne après m'avoir parlé.
près de 20 milliards de fois,
dans le bureau d'un médecin
will be that patient sometime very soon.
serez ce patient d'ici peu.
quand ils ne savent pas,
à la conversation.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin B. Jones - Cancer researcherKevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us.
Why you should listen
Kevin B. Jones diagnoses and performs surgeries to remove rare cancers called sarcomas from the limbs of children and adults. Counseling patients -- especially teenagers with bone cancers -- about the decisions they must make with regard to their bodies has brought the uncertainties of medicine into keen focus for him. How does a person decipher what medicine has told her? How can a person choose among options given very limited understanding of the implications of each? Intrigued by these riddles and conundrums that patient-physician communication frequently creates, Jones wrote a book, What Doctors Cannot Tell You: Clarity, Confidence and Uncertainty in Medicine.
Jones also runs a scientific research laboratory focused on the biology of sarcomas. Here, his team studies the decisions cells make on the way to becoming a cancer. Again the complexities and uncertainties inherent to these decisions are in full relief.
Jones sees patients and does surgery as an associate professor at the University of Utah in the Department of Orthopaedics, working at both Primary Children's Hospital and the Huntsman Cancer Institute. His laboratory is in the Huntsman Cancer Institute, where he is an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Oncological Sciences.
Jones studied English literature at Harvard, medicine at Johns Hopkins, orthopedic surgery at the University of Iowa, and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Toronto. He lives in Salt Lake City with his wife and four children.
Kevin B. Jones | Speaker | TED.com