Kevin B. Jones: Why curiosity is the key to science and medicine
קווין ג'ונס: מדוע סקרנות היא המפתח למדע ולרפואה
Kevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us. Full bio
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unhappy memories of boredom
נעימים של שיעמום
of what other people had discovered.
של בני אדם אחרים.
guess an explanation for that observation,
משערים הסבר כלשהו לתצפית זו,
that we can test
that the Earth was below, the sky above,
שכדור הארץ היה מתחת, השמים מעל,
seemed to go around them.
the center of the universe.
should circle around the Earth.
on one of the first telescopes,
הטלסקופים הראשונים,
to follow the path of Jupiter
also was not going around the Earth
סביב כדור הארץ
the discarding of the theory
of the universe.
noticed that things fall to the Earth.
הבחין שדברים נופלים לארץ.
should fall to the Earth.
does fall to the Earth.
gravity pulls things to the Earth
הכבידה מושכת דברים אל הארץ
and opposite force in the other direction.
to the bird and the bird's wings,
לציפור, ולכנפיים של הציפור,
from that line of thinking.
the exceptions, the outliers
החריגים חשודי הטעות,
and lead us to something new.
ומובילים אותנו למשהו חדש.
This is how science learns.
זו הדרך בה הוא לומד.
and even more rarely,
has been scientifically proven.
that science never proves anything
שמדע לעולם אינו מוכיח שום דבר
here for a second.
to different people,
public discourse on medicine
an engineering problem.
that try to figure out how to pay for it.
שמנסים להבין איך לשלם עבור כל אלה.
how best to distribute medicine,
להפיץ רפואה,
are absolutely obsessed
how best to safely apply medicine.
ליישם רפואה בבטחה.
the quality of our health care
איכות הטיפול הרפואי שלנו
that in this climate,
for the provision of health care
like Jiffy Lube.
שמנים ברכב.
when I graduated from medical school,
שכשאני סיימתי את לימודי הרפואה,
little doohickeys
has to plug into your car
of that observation,
that we can test.
of most predictions in medicine
from those boring days in biology class
בשיעורי ביולוגיה
from a guessed explanation,
of my patients is an outlier,
הוא חריג,
for a sarcoma patient
by a randomized controlled clinical trial,
of population-based evidence in medicine.
אוכלוסיה, הטובה ביותר.
outside the box,
a bath in the uncertainty
and outliers that surround us in sarcoma
והחריגים, שמקיפים אותנו בסרקומה
are those two most important values
החשובים ביותר
albeit distinct patient with sarcoma.
עם סרקומה.
international collaborations.
to talk to each other through chat rooms
באמצעות חדרי צ'אט
of humbly curious communication
the ankle to serve as the knee
כך שישמש לו כברך
with the cancer.
and run and jump and play.
ולרוץ ולקפוץ ולשחק.
who had experienced it.
אחרים שחוו את זה.
but also lead us to new thinking.
אלא גם מובילים אותנו לחשיבה חדשה.
and exceptions lead us to in medicine
הובילו אותנו אליה ברפואה
to the outliers and exceptions.
from sarcoma patients
to the general population.
לאוכלוסייה הכללית.
draw our attention
מושכים את תשומת הלב שלנו
of perhaps what a tree is.
של מהו עץ.
losing the forests for the trees,
אובדן היערות למען העצים,
that define a tree,
and roots and branches,
has very unusual relationships
בלתי רגילה
in the general population.
of all cancers.
is considered a genetic disease.
that cancer is caused by oncogenes
על ידי אונקוגנים
that are turned off to cause cancer.
that we learned about oncogenes
from common cancers
and tumor suppressor genes
of cancers called sarcoma.
and Mike Bishop discovered
ומייק בישוף גילו
that src is the most important oncogene.
האונקוגן החשוב ביותר.
turned on oncogene in all of cancer.
ביותר בכל סוגי הסרטן .
about the rest of biology.
לגבי שאר הביולוגיה.
tumor suppressor gene.
החשוב ביותר.
tumor suppressor gene
בתדירות הגבוהה ביותר
from common cancers.
when doctors Li and Fraumeni
in a million diagnosis,
about a bird's wing.
floating around some planet Jupiter.
סביב כוכב הלכת צדק.
may lead to the advancement of science,
עשוי להוביל לקידום המדע
with rare and deadly diseases.
נדירות וקטלניות אלו.
or "There's nothing more we can do."
או "אין שום דבר שאנחנו יכולים לעשות."
turn on a single word:
in these conversations.
that are being done?
you see this phrase, "no where."
אתם רואים את המשפט הזה, "בשום מקום."
למרווח אחד קדימה.
one of my patients' rooms.
with a bone cancer a few days before.
עם סרטן עצמות כמה ימים לפני כן.
with the chemotherapy doctors
to the hospital to begin chemotherapy.
כדי להתחיל בכימותרפיה.
when I got to his room.
to chat with me for a few minutes.
what she had been reading
that the chemotherapy doctors
and I think I can do it.
ואני חושבת שאני יכולה לעשות את זה.
with these very difficult treatments.
עם הטיפולים הקשים מאוד הללו.
I'm going to move in with my parents.
ולעבור לגור עם ההורים שלי.
matter in my life."
a whole lot in your life.
לא סיפרתי לכם סוד אחד קטן ומלוכלך.
we test predictions in populations,
אנו בוחנים ניבויים באוכלוסיות,
embedded in the general population,
nor the physician knows
the individual will land.
a better or a worse result for you.
או גרועה יותר בשבילכם.
confident conversations.
removed a tumor from a patient's limb.
he talked about his concern
בכנסי הרופאים שלנו,
for coming back in the same limb.
and you're good to go."
ואת יכולה ללכת בשלום."
opened a bottle of champagne.
פתחו בקבוק שמפניה.
another nodule in the same area.
and she wasn't good to go.
והיא לא הייתה במצב של ללכת בשלום.
absolutely fascinates me.
looking after this patient for me?"
על מטופלת זו בשבילי? "
to do as well as I do.
לעשות את הדבר הנכון טוב כמוני.
after this patient for me."
על חולה זו בשבילי."
a much more invasive surgery
with the patient afterwards.
עם המטופלת לאחר מכן.
that we're doing.
to find out if this surgery will work
after talking to me.
שדיברו אתי.
will be that patient sometime very soon.
יהיה המטופל הזה מתישהו בקרוב מאוד.
אבל הם יכולים לומר לכם מתי הם לא יודעים
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kevin B. Jones - Cancer researcherKevin B. Jones is a life-long student of human nature, fascinated most by the decision-making capacity intrinsic to each of us.
Why you should listen
Kevin B. Jones diagnoses and performs surgeries to remove rare cancers called sarcomas from the limbs of children and adults. Counseling patients -- especially teenagers with bone cancers -- about the decisions they must make with regard to their bodies has brought the uncertainties of medicine into keen focus for him. How does a person decipher what medicine has told her? How can a person choose among options given very limited understanding of the implications of each? Intrigued by these riddles and conundrums that patient-physician communication frequently creates, Jones wrote a book, What Doctors Cannot Tell You: Clarity, Confidence and Uncertainty in Medicine.
Jones also runs a scientific research laboratory focused on the biology of sarcomas. Here, his team studies the decisions cells make on the way to becoming a cancer. Again the complexities and uncertainties inherent to these decisions are in full relief.
Jones sees patients and does surgery as an associate professor at the University of Utah in the Department of Orthopaedics, working at both Primary Children's Hospital and the Huntsman Cancer Institute. His laboratory is in the Huntsman Cancer Institute, where he is an adjunct faculty member in the Department of Oncological Sciences.
Jones studied English literature at Harvard, medicine at Johns Hopkins, orthopedic surgery at the University of Iowa, and musculoskeletal oncology at the University of Toronto. He lives in Salt Lake City with his wife and four children.
Kevin B. Jones | Speaker | TED.com