Will Potter: The secret US prisons you've never heard of before
ویل پاتر: زندانهای مخفی ایالات متحده که تا کنون درباره آنها نشنیدهاید
Award-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that "writing about prisoners
"نوشتن درباره زندانیها
بنویسی."
we treat prisoners as ghosts.
با زندانیها مثل ارواح رفتار میکنیم.
goes to great lengths to keep them hidden.
تلاش زیادی کنند که آنها را مخفی نگه دارند.
این داستانِ
when no one is watching,
که قدرت را بدست دارند
that we need to tell.
ما باید تعریف کنیم.
prison units in the United States,
در ایالات متحده
شروع کردم.
Communications Management Units or CMUs.
یا CMU میگوید.
"Little Guantanamo."
"گوانتاناموی کوچک" میگویند.
right here, at home,
در سرزمینمان،
in Terre Haute, Indiana,
in Marion, Illinois.
ایالت «ایلینوی».
the formal review process
تحت بررسی رسمی که طبق
when they were opened.
been convicted of crimes.
محکوم شدهاند.
and some involve threats and violence.
و برخی شامل تهدید و خشونت.
or innocence of any prisoner.
بیگناه بودن زندانیان بحث کنم.
Thurgood Marshall said,
"ثرگود مارشال" گفت:
their human quality."
خود را از دست نمیدهند."
has said there are three flecks of light
میگوید سه نقطه روشن
but they radically restrict all of these
همهی این سه مورد را به شدت محدود میکنند
extreme prisons in the United States.
مطابقت دارند یا از آنها پیشی میگیرند.
to 45 minutes a month,
به ۴۵ دقیقه در ماه محدود میشود،
other prisoners receive.
فرصت دارند.
to six pieces of paper.
محدود باشد.
to four hours per month,
like Olympic Park bomber Eric Rudolph
«اریک رودالف»، بمبگذار پارک المپیک،
which means prisoners are not allowed
هستند. یعنی زندانیان حتی اجازه
except psychologically."
مگر به صورت روانی."
who is imprisoned here.
هستند.
open records requests
در جریان
and former prisoners,
into the CMUs have opened.
60 to 70 prisoners here,
هستند که
on Iraq by sending medical supplies
فرستادن تجهیزات دارویی برای
from Saddam Hussein's Iraq as refugees.
از دست صدام حسین به نیویورک گریختند.
as part of an FBI sting.
دستگیر شد.
to bear witness to a loan,
خواسته شده بود که ضامن یک وام بشود،
involved in the loan was trying to enlist
گرفته بودند برای استخدام یک نفر
to a terrorist group.
محکوم شد.
some non-Muslim prisoners.
هم هستند.
the racial numbers,
کمک میکنند
را منحرف کنند.
and environmental activists
حقوق حیوانات و محیط زیست میشوند
of participating in two arsons
آتش زدن عمدی
محکوم شده بود.
that he would be sent
به یکی از زندانهای مخفی
فرستاده شود.
weren't supported by any facts.
رد کرد.
hasn't fully explained
کامل توضیح نمیدهد که
ختم میشود،
for these decisions.
است،
talking about environmental activists.
محیط زیست صحبت میکند استفاده میکند.
prisoners in US prisons
زندانی در آمریکا هستند
are in the CMUs.
CMUها هستند.
at a low-security prison
با امنیت پایین بود
for an answer, a hearing,
درخواست دادرسی کرد
shows how those requests are viewed.
این تقاضاها چگونه بررسی میشوند.
«به او نه گفته شد»
recommended McGowan's transfer
«مک گوان»
بخش ضدتروریستی اداره زندانها
Counterterrorism Unit,
Task Force of the FBI.
was really sent to a CMU
CMU منتقل شد،
cited McGowan's "anti-government beliefs."
«باورهای ضد دولتیِ» «مک گوان» را نقل میکند.
about environmental issues,
محیط زیست ادامه داد
reflect on their mistakes
تامل کنند
any time at all in Washington, DC,
بوده باشید
concept for the government.
خیلی افراط گرایانه است.
McGowan in the CMU.
CMU ملاقات کنم.
on this stage before,
همین صحنه گفتهام
monitoring my work.
and only journalist to visit a CMU.
اولین و تنها روزنامهنگاری کرد که از CMU بازدید کرده.
Counterterrorism Unit,
about CMUs, like this one.
همین سخنرانی، دنبال کرده بودند.
be approved to visit?
پذیرفته شوم؟
out to the prison, I got an answer.
زندان بروم، پاسخی دریافت کردم.
as a friend, not a journalist.
دوست ملاقات کنم، نه یک روزنامهنگار.
that if I asked any questions
که اگر من سوالی پرسیدم
for my reporting.
the guards reminded me
به من یادآوری کردند
and knew about my work.
کارهای من اطلاع دارند.
to interview McGowan,
مصاحبه کنم
as "self-contained housing units."
«بخش مسکونیِ بینیاز از بیرون» شرح میدهد
of describing black holes.
برای توضیح نقاط تاریک است.
checkpoints that you would expect.
رد میشوید.
to the visitation room is silent.
میروید.
the rest of the prison is on lockdown.
بقیهی زندانیان در سلول حبس میشوند.
could touch each wall.
دیوارها را لمس میکردند.
orb in the ceiling
by the Counterterrorism Unit
ادارهی ضدتروریسم
have to be in English for CMU prisoners,
زندانیان CMU باید به زبان انگلیسی باشد.
for many of the Muslim families.
خانوادههای مسلمان است.
bulletproof glass
attached to the wall
صحبت میکردیم
پیدا کنیم.
while in the CMU,
بیحوصلگی و سرگرم کردن خودش،
that I was secretly the president
واشینگتن دی. سی. هستم.
now thinks that Bella and Edward
«ادوارد» و «بلا»
and at length about his niece Lily,
خواهرزادهاش «لیلی» حرف زد
it feels to never be able to hug them,
است که حس کند هیچوقت نمیتواند آنها را بغل کند
was transferred out of the CMU
CMU منتقل شد
he was sent back again.
CMU documents on my website
روی وب سایتم منتشر کردم
that McGowan had called his wife
با همسرش تماس گرفته
was saying about him,
چه میگوید.
at the end of his sentence,
به کابوس تبدیل شد.
for the Huffington Post headlined,
a CMU for my Political Speech."
صحبتهای سیاسی به CMU فرستاده شدم»
back in jail for his political speech.
به زندان بازگردانده شد.
by the Bush administration,
دولت «بوش»،
how and why CMUs were created.
CMUها است.
with "inspirational significance."
هستند.
these are political prisons
گفتن اینکه آنها زندانهای سیاسی برای
because of their race,
بدلیل نژادشان،
political beliefs.
characterization is too strong,
of the government's own documents.
by the CMU, the sender was told
CMU بازگردانده شد، به فرستنده گفتند
"for political prisoners."
«زندانی سیاسی» بودهاند.
activist Andy Stepanian,
به نام «اندی استپانیان»
anti-government and anti-corporate views.
و ضد شرکتهای بزرگ بود.
may be hard to believe,
and in the United States.
در حال رخ دادن است.
is that the US has a dark history
تاریخچه سیاهی از
because of their political beliefs.
عقاید سیاسیشان دارد.
was home to the CMU,
به محل CMUها تبدیل شود
in solitary for 22 hours a day.
was to "control revolutionary attitudes."
کنترل رفتارهای انقلابی است»
the Lexington High Security Unit
«بخش فوق امنیتی لکزینگتن»،
to the Weather Underground,
"Weather underground"،
independent struggles.
در ارتباط بودند.
communication and used sleep deprivation,
و از محروم کردن از خواب
"ideological conversion."
نامیده میشد استفاده میکرد.
but only through the campaigning
ولی از طریق کارزار(کمپین)های مذهبی
advocates, like Amnesty International.
with the Center for Constitutional Rights
«مرکز حقوق قانون اساسی»
of their due process rights
حق محاکمهی منصفانه
and religious speech.
never come to light without this lawsuit.
روشن نمیشدند.
and my message for you today
to what is being done to these prisoners.
شهادت بدهیم.
of the values held beyond prison walls.
بیرون دیوارهای زندان.
to human rights.
repeating the mistakes of our past.
که اشتباههای گذشته را تکرار کنیم یا نه.
described as the stories of the dead,
مردگان نامید گوش ندهیم
the stories of ourselves.
I learned about the Bill of Rights,
منشور حقوق یاد گرفتم،
about 25 other laws and rights
the number one question I get
that people don't know.
of situations, any rights abuses,
و هر گونه سوء استفاده حقوقی
that it's actually happening
رخ دادن است
to actually make a change.
what's happening at all
رخ میدهد ندارند
disenfranchised populations
از حقوق خود محرومند
not native English speakers.
مادری آنها نیست.
representation that I mentioned,
ارائه کردهاند که من ذکر کردم
of what's happening.
وجود ندارد.
that you have right to council
مشاور حقوقی
convicted of a crime,
was bogus or legitimate,
غیرقانونی باشد،
after that is warranted.
توجیه پذیر است.
and dangerous narrative that we have,
مخرب و خطرناکی است که ما داریم،
of things to happen,
kind of turns a blind eye to it.
میبندند.
were all real documents, word for word,
داده شدند کلمه به کلمه واقعی هستند
all of them to my website.
خودم آپلود کردهام.
a footnoted version of the talk,
با توضیحات این سخنرانی است،
without the little snippets.
کادرهایی که در اینجا بود.
on primary source documents
with former and current prisoners,
حاضر انجام شده،
with this situation every day.
سر و کار دارند.
there myself, as well.
انجام میدهید.
متشکرم از همه شما.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will Potter - Investigative journalistAward-winning journalist and author, Will Potter focuses on the animal rights and environmental movements, and civil liberties in the post-9/11 era.
Why you should listen
Independent journalist and TED Fellow Will Potter is based in Washington, D.C.; his current work examines how whistleblowers and non-violent protesters are being treated as terrorists.
The author of Green Is The New Red: An Insider's Account of a Social Movement Under Siege, Potter has extensively documented how non-violent protest is slowly being criminalized. His reporting and commentary have been featured in the world's top media outlets, including the Washington Post, NPR, Rolling Stone, El Pais, and Le Monde. He has testified before the U.S. Congress about his reporting, as the only witness opposing the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act -- and he is a plaintiff in the first lawsuits challenging so-called "ag-gag" laws as unconstitutional.
Will has also lectured at many universities and public forums about his work, including Georgetown University, Harvard Law School, and the House of Democracy and Human Rights in Berlin. International speaking tours have included Germany, Austria, Switzerland, New Zealand, and Spain, and he was the international guest lecturer for Australia's 2014 animal law lecture series.
His reporting has overturned criminal prosecutions, and it has both been praised in Congressional reports and monitored by the Counter-Terrorism Unit.
Will Potter | Speaker | TED.com