Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality
Kimberlé Crenshaw: فوریت تقاطع
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bioAbby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that you don't recognize,
به من بگویید،
we're going to see what they know. OK?
ما قراره ببینیم اونا چی میدونند؟
and take a look.
و یک نگاهی بکنید
are still standing.
هنوز ایستاده اند
نگاه کنیم،
still standing,
to put you on the spot.
شما را مرکز توجه قرار رهم.
so you can be seated.
بنابراین شما می تونید بنشینید.
the first group of names know
را شناختید ، می دونید که
who have been killed by the police
که توسط پلیس
is also African-Americans
آمریکایی-آفریقایی هستند
within the last two years.
کشته شدند
the names that you know
اسامی که شما میشناسید
that there's nothing at all distinct
که اصلا چیز متفاوتی
that we've just seen.
ما دیده ایم
dozens of times around the country.
در کشور انجام داده ام
rights organizations.
I've done it with students.
با دانشجویان انجام داده ام
I've done it with sociologists.
با جامعه شناسان انجام داده ام
progressive members of Congress.
کنکره انجام داده ام
of the level of police violence
به سطح خشونت پلیس،
این خشونت را تجربه می کنند
that this would be the case.
مسئله ی مهم باشد ایا این طور نیست؟
involved here.
سروکار داریم
against African-Americans,
talked about a lot lately.
مورد ان صحبت شده است
who is implicated by these problems,
چه کسی در این مسائل دست دارد
who is victimized by these problems,
قربانی این مسائل است،
never come to mind.
هرگز به ذهن ما خطور نمی کند.
ما می گویند که
with the available frames,
همخوانی نداشته باشد،
incorporating new facts
یکپارچه سازی حقایق جدید با
about a problem.
مسئله سپری می کنند.
have slipped through our consciousness
از خودآگاه ما به آسانی می گذرد
for us to see them,
که آنها را درک کنیم،
که آنها را به خاطر آوریم،
مسائلی را دنبال نمی کنند،
or demanded that they speak to them.
در خواست نمی شود که در مورد انها صحبت کنند.
and an issue that affects women,
ومسئله ای که بر زن ها تاثیر می گذارد،
black people who are women
که سیاه پوست هستند نمی شود؟
a trickle-down approach to social justice,
نظام تراوشی در قبال عدالت اجتماعی است
این رویکرد جواب نمی دهد.
را به ما می دهند که درک کنیم
all the members of a targeted group,
گروه مورد نظر را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد،
of our movements,
the term "intersectionality"
استفاده از واژه ی «تقاطع» زدم
that many of our social justice problems
که بسیاری از مسایل عدالت اجتماعی
of social injustice.
اجتماعی را فراهم می آورد.
that gave rise to intersectionality
که به تقاطع شدت می بخشد
with a woman named Emma DeGraffenreid.
«اما دی گارفنرید» بود.
was an African-American woman,
from the pages of a legal opinion
یک نظر قانونی می خوانم
who had dismissed Emma's claim
منکر ادعای «اما»
اتومبیل محلی شده بود.
از زن های امریکایی-افریقایی
for her family and for others.
خانواده اش و دیگران بود
for her children and for her family.
خانواده اش فراهم کند
because she was a black woman.
زیرا او یک سیاه پوست بود
dismissed Emma's suit,
for dismissing the suit was
دعوی «اما» این بود که
did hire African-Americans
کرده
was not willing to acknowledge
قاضی مایل نبود که اعتراف کند
that were hired,
maintenance jobs, were all men.
استخدام شدند همه مرد بودند.
or front-office work,
و اداری استخدام شدند،
how these policies came together
چگونه این سیاست ها گرد هم می ایند
the double discrimination
to put two causes of action together
دعوی خودرا کنار هم قرار بدهد
by allowing her to do that,
کاری را به او میدادند
to have preferential treatment.
تبعیض آمیز خواهد بود
by having two swings at the bat,
only had one swing at the bat.
سفید پوست از فقط یک مزیت بر خوردار خواهند بود
African-American men or white women
و نه سفید پوستان
and gender discrimination claim
they were experiencing.
در حال تجربه اش بودند
African-American women
تا بدین وسیله از زنان امریکایی-افریقایی حمایت کند
weren't exactly the same
و مردهای امریکایی -افریقایی نبود؟
to include African-American women,
زن های امریکایی-افریقایی،
completely out of court.
و از دادگاه خارج کرد.
of antidiscrimination law,
دانشجوی حقوق ضد تبعیضی،
ضدمخالف تبعیض نژادی،
چهارچوبه ی بی عدالتی گیر کرده ام.
to work at the plant.
اجازه نداشتن در کارخانه کار کنند.
doubled down on this exclusion
مسئله را از لحاظ قانونی غیر منطقی اعلام کرد.
no name for this problem.
این مسئله اسمی وجود نداشت.
where there's no name for a problem,
جایی که اسمی برای یک مسئله وجود ندارد،
you pretty much can't solve it.
شما نمی توانید مشکل را حل کنید.
was a framing problem.
یک مشکل چارچوبی بود.
or to see race discrimination
there was an alternative narrative,
داشت،
to see Emma's dilemma,
که معضل «اما» را ببینیم،
to rescue her from the cracks in the law,
از شکاف های موجود در قانون نجات دهیم،
که داستان و ماجرای اورا ببینند.
to better see Emma's dilemma.
معضل «اما» را بهتر درک کنند.
the roads to the intersection would be
جاده ها ی منتهی به تقاطع
was structured by race and by gender.
جنسیت و نژاد سازمان داده شده بود
would be the hiring policies
سیاست های استخدامی
that ran through those roads.
که در این جاده ها حرکت می کردند.
was both black and female,
where those roads overlapped,
به هم منتهی می شدند،
like that ambulance that shows up
است که وارد عمل میشود
only if it can be shown
تنها اگر نشان داده بشود
on the race road or on the gender road
و جنسیت آسیب دیده باشد
همدیگر را قطع می کردند.
being impacted by multiple forces
وسیلهی نیروهای چندگانه تحت تاثیر قرار میگیرند
که این کار را برای من انجام میدهد.
that African-American women,
که زن های امریکایی-افریقایی
all over the world,
در سراسر جهان مورد بی توجهی قرار می گرفتند،
of dilemmas and challenges
xenophobia, ableism,
بیگانه هراسی، توانایی گرایی،
that are sometimes quite unique.
که گاهی اوقات کاملا منحصر به فرد هستند.
that black women live their lives,
خود را سپری میکنند افزایش میدهد،
شرایط غم ناکی را نشان می دهد
شرایط مردند.
that black women face
سیاه پوست با آن مواجه میشوند
their encounters with police.
جان سالم به در نمی برند
in front of their parents
in front of their children.
when they've called for help.
when they were with others.
در حالی که سیاه پوست بودند
در حالی که سیاه بودند،
در حالی که سیاه بودند
در حالی که سیاه هستند
being homeless while black.
و مان بودند درحالی که سیاه بودند.
talking on the cell phone,
با تلفن بودند کشته شدند،
که مسروقه گزارش شده بوده
in front of the White House
in the backseat of the car.
با طناب بسته شده بود.
رفته انها
of media attention and communal outcry
عمومی را به اندازه ی
of their fallen brothers?
برادران آنها جلب نمی کند
Policy Forum began to demand
ادعایی کرد
is being discussed.
مورد بحث باشد، صدا می زنینم
to the often painful realities
that many black women have had to face,
از زنهای سیاه پوست مجبورند با ان مواجه شوند
that I'm about to share with you
که من قرار است با شما در میان بگذارم
to some of this violence.
برخی از این خشونت باشید
of the phenomenal Abby Dobson.
خارقالعاده را بشنویم.
and some who have not survived them,
که جان سالم به در نبرده اند،
at the beginning of this talk,
ابتدای گفتگو اتفاق افتاد،
there's going to be a roll call.
یک حاضرغایب وجود دارد.
to join us in saying these names
قادرید به در گفتن این اسامی به ما بپیوندید
Janisha Fonville,
جانشا فاویل،
to bear witness
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocateAs a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.
Why you should listen
Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.
Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.
Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.
Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.
In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.
Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.
Why you should listen
Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.
Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.
Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com