Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality
킴벌리 크렌쇼(Kimberlé Crenshaw): 교차로 효과의 위기
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bioAbby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
이름을 부를 거예요.
that you don't recognize,
we're going to see what they know. OK?
뭘 알고 계신지 알게 될 겁니다.
and take a look.
are still standing.
아직 서 있군요.
still standing,
to put you on the spot.
생각은 없었어요.
so you can be seated.
바라는 마음이었습니다.
the first group of names know
알고 계셨던 분들은
who have been killed by the police
아프리카계 미국인이라는 사실을 아실 거예요.
is also African-Americans
아프리카계 미국인들입니다.
within the last two years.
죽음을 당한 사람들이죠.
the names that you know
여러분이 아는 이름들과
that there's nothing at all distinct
설명을 드릴 수 있는 것은
that we've just seen.
특별한 점이 없다는 것입니다.
dozens of times around the country.
수십 번을 해봤습니다.
rights organizations.
I've done it with students.
학생들에게도 했습니다.
I've done it with sociologists.
progressive members of Congress.
진보당원들에게도 해봤습니다.
of the level of police violence
겪고 있는 경찰 폭력의
that this would be the case.
이런 일이 있다는 게 말이죠.
involved here.
연관돼 있다는 겁니다.
against African-Americans,
대한 경찰의 폭력과
talked about a lot lately.
많이 논의되고 있어요.
who is implicated by these problems,
말려 들었는지 생각해 봅시다.
who is victimized by these problems,
생각해 봅시다.
never come to mind.
별로 떠오르지 않아요.
with the available frames,
프레임에 있지 않으면
incorporating new facts
못한다고 합니다.
about a problem.
have slipped through our consciousness
한 귀로 흘려집니다.
for us to see them,
프레임이 없기 때문입니다.
그것에 대해 생각하지 않으며
or demanded that they speak to them.
요구를 하기 힘들어집니다.
and an issue that affects women,
black people who are women
해당이 안된다는 겁니다.
사람에게도 말이죠.
a trickle-down approach to social justice,
낙수효과로 접근하자는 거였는데
영향을 미치는지 모를 테고
all the members of a targeted group,
of our movements,
소외될 것이고
고립 상태가 될 겁니다.
the term "intersectionality"
사용하기로 했습니다. "교차로 효과"
that many of our social justice problems
사회정의에 관한 문제들
of social injustice.
that gave rise to intersectionality
만들게 된 계기는
with a woman named Emma DeGraffenreid.
우연한 만남을 통해서 였습니다.
was an African-American woman,
아프리카계 미국인 여성이고
from the pages of a legal opinion
어떤 법적 견해서를 읽다가 알았습니다.
who had dismissed Emma's claim
그는 엠마의 주장을 기각했습니다.
벌어진 일입니다.
아프리카계 미국 여성처럼
for her family and for others.
그녀의 가족들을 위해서요.
for her children and for her family.
아이들과 가족들에게 말이죠.
because she was a black woman.
때문이라고 생각했죠.
dismissed Emma's suit,
엠마의 주장을 기각했습니다.
for dismissing the suit was
did hire African-Americans
미국인을 고용한 적이 있었으며
was not willing to acknowledge
이걸 인정하려 들지 않는다는 거에요.
that were hired,
maintenance jobs, were all men.
모두 남자였습니다.
or front-office work,
how these policies came together
맞물리는지 볼 수 있어야
the double discrimination
이런 이중차별을 알게 될 겁니다.
마주해야만 했던 것들을 말이죠.
to put two causes of action together
원인을 함께 엮어 말하는걸
by allowing her to do that,
생각했거든요. 그걸 허용해주면
to have preferential treatment.
by having two swings at the bat,
방망이를 두 번 휘두르는 거라 할 수 있어요.
only had one swing at the bat.
한 번만 휘두를 수 있다는 거죠.
African-American men or white women
백인 여성의 경우
and gender discrimination claim
결합할 필요가 없죠.
they were experiencing.
설명하기 위해 말이죠.
African-American women
법조계가 거절하기 때문입니다.
weren't exactly the same
일치하지 않아서 일까요?
경험과 말이죠.
to include African-American women,
여성들을 포함시키는 게 아니라
completely out of court.
of antidiscrimination law,
정석이라고 느꼈습니다.
to work at the plant.
고용되지 못했습니다.
doubled down on this exclusion
차별을 심화시켰습니다.
심의하지 않음으로써 말이죠.
no name for this problem.
딱히 지칭할 이름조차 없습니다.
where there's no name for a problem,
어떤 문제에 명칭이 없으면
you pretty much can't solve it.
그 문제를 풀기란 힘든 일이죠.
제가 알아차리게 된 것은
was a framing problem.
프레임 자체의 문제였습니다.
or to see race discrimination
종류의 것이었습니다.
사례가 있는지 되짚어 보는 것입니다.
there was an alternative narrative,
to see Emma's dilemma,
비춰주는 거울
to rescue her from the cracks in the law,
빠지지 않게 해주는 거울이 있는가
이야기를 전달할 수 있는지 말이죠.
to better see Emma's dilemma.
이해할 것입니다.
the roads to the intersection would be
그 교차로를 구성하는 도로는
was structured by race and by gender.
인종과 성별로 만들어 졌습니다.
would be the hiring policies
'고용정책'에 비유할 수 있습니다.
that ran through those roads.
was both black and female,
where those roads overlapped,
정확히 서 있던 겁니다.
교통사고를 당한 거죠.
차량에게 말입니다.
like that ambulance that shows up
only if it can be shown
엠마를 구조 할 수 있겠지만,
on the race road or on the gender road
'성별' 도로에서 사고를 당했는데
being impacted by multiple forces
이것을 뭐라고 부르시겠습니까?
살아가야 한다면?
이런 의미입니다.
that African-American women,
다른 피부색을 가진 여성들처럼
all over the world,
소외된 다른 사람들처럼
of dilemmas and challenges
마주하고 있어요.
xenophobia, ableism,
외국인 혐오, 장애인 차별 등등
that are sometimes quite unique.
새로운 개념의 차별을 만들게 됩니다.
that black women live their lives,
더 잘 알게 해줍니다.
더 잘 드러납니다.
여성의 죽음이 그러합니다.
that black women face
their encounters with police.
살아남지 못하고 죽습니다.
in front of their parents
in front of their children.
넘어져서 죽기도 했습니다.
when they've called for help.
when they were with others.
살해 당하기도 합니다.
흑인이기 때문에.
흑인이기 때문에.
흑인이었기 때문에.
흑인이었기 때문에.
being homeless while black.
흑인이었기 때문에.
talking on the cell phone,
in front of the White House
in the backseat of the car.
있었음에도 살해 당했습니다.
모르고 있었을까요?
of media attention and communal outcry
적어도 그 형제들이 겪는 고통만큼
of their fallen brothers?
Policy Forum began to demand
정책 포럼은 어떤 계획을 세웁니다.
is being discussed.
행해지고 있음이 논의되었습니다.
운동 만으론 부족합니다.
'증언'을 해야 합니다.
to the often painful realities
보게 될 고통스러운 현실을
테지만, 해야만 합니다.
that many black women have had to face,
당해왔을 흑인 여성들을 위해서.
능력을 넘어서 말이죠.
할 수 있는 기회가 있습니다.
that I'm about to share with you
보여줄 이미지들을 기억해주세요.
to some of this violence.
봤다고 '증언'합시다.
of the phenomenal Abby Dobson.
들을 겁니다
함께 하는 겁니다.
and some who have not survived them,
살아남지 못한 사람들도 있습니다.
at the beginning of this talk,
다시 해볼 겁니다.
서 있지 못했습니다.
몰랐기 때문이죠.
there's going to be a roll call.
차례대로 크게 호명 할 겁니다.
to join us in saying these names
외칠 수 있으신 분은
Janisha Fonville,
to bear witness
봤다고 모여서 증언했습니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocateAs a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.
Why you should listen
Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.
Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.
Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.
Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.
In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.
Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.
Why you should listen
Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.
Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.
Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com