Kimberlé Crenshaw: The urgency of intersectionality
キンバレー・クレンショー: インターセクショナリティの緊急性
As a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice. Full bioAbby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that you don't recognize,
we're going to see what they know. OK?
いいですか?
and take a look.
are still standing.
still standing,
to put you on the spot.
so you can be seated.
お願いでした 座って結構です
the first group of names know
who have been killed by the police
is also African-Americans
within the last two years.
the names that you know
that there's nothing at all distinct
that we've just seen.
dozens of times around the country.
この実験を行ってきました
rights organizations.
I've done it with students.
学生たちに行いました
I've done it with sociologists.
社会学者に行いました
progressive members of Congress.
進歩派の議員にさえも行いました
of the level of police violence
that this would be the case.
involved here.
ここに2つの問題が関わっています
against African-Americans,
talked about a lot lately.
近年盛んに議論されています
who is implicated by these problems,
誰が巻き込まれているのか
who is victimized by these problems,
なっているのかを考えるときには
never come to mind.
絶対に浮かんできません
with the available frames,
incorporating new facts
その新しい事実を
about a problem.
have slipped through our consciousness
私たちの意識から滑り落ちていました
for us to see them,
彼女たちを目にする枠組みがなく
or demanded that they speak to them.
要求されたりしません
and an issue that affects women,
女性に影響する問題は
black people who are women
黒人である女性を
a trickle-down approach to social justice,
浸透を待つようなそんなアプローチでは
あらゆるメンバーが
all the members of a targeted group,
見える枠組みがなければ
of our movements,
運動の隙間から落ちていき
必要はありません
the term "intersectionality"
という言葉を使い始めました
that many of our social justice problems
社会的平等の問題の多くが
of social injustice.
現実を扱うためです
that gave rise to intersectionality
生まれるきっかけとなったのは
with a woman named Emma DeGraffenreid.
女性との偶然の出会いです
was an African-American woman,
アフリカ系アメリカ人で
from the pages of a legal opinion
ある法的な見解を論じたページで
who had dismissed Emma's claim
人種と性別の差別について
アフリカ系アメリカ人女性のように
for her family and for others.
もっと良い仕事を探していました
for her children and for her family.
もっといい人生を願ったのです
because she was a black woman.
採用されなかったのだと考えました
dismissed Emma's suit,
for dismissing the suit was
did hire African-Americans
was not willing to acknowledge
本当の問題は
こうです
that were hired,
maintenance jobs, were all men.
すべて男性です
or front-office work,
how these policies came together
どうなるかを 裁判官が理解できれば
the double discrimination
to put two causes of action together
彼女の訴えに至ったとは
by allowing her to do that,
to have preferential treatment.
可能になるからです
by having two swings at the bat,
一度の機会が与えられるときに
only had one swing at the bat.
African-American men or white women
白人女性も
and gender discrimination claim
they were experiencing.
訴えを起こす必要はないのです
African-American women
weren't exactly the same
守らないのは
to include African-American women,
アメリカ人女性を含むようにはせず
completely out of court.
あっさり放棄したのです
of antidiscrimination law,
to work at the plant.
許可されませんでした
doubled down on this exclusion
訴えは法的に合理性はないとしたので
no name for this problem.
名称がありませんでした
where there's no name for a problem,
you pretty much can't solve it.
解決はおぼつきません
was a framing problem.
or to see race discrimination
また人種差別を識別するための枠組みであり
there was an alternative narrative,
考え出すことです
to see Emma's dilemma,
プリズムであり
to rescue her from the cracks in the law,
説明を考え出したかったのです
to better see Emma's dilemma.
理解できるかもしれないということでした
the roads to the intersection would be
全従業員の構造です
was structured by race and by gender.
would be the hiring policies
that ran through those roads.
was both black and female,
where those roads overlapped,
交わる地点に立ち
like that ambulance that shows up
only if it can be shown
性差別の道路で
on the race road or on the gender road
彼女を手当てします
being impacted by multiple forces
見捨てられることを何と呼びますか
適切だと私は思いました
that African-American women,
all over the world,
排除されている人々のように
of dilemmas and challenges
xenophobia, ableism,
障碍者差別の交差点
that are sometimes quite unique.
生じることがあります
that black women live their lives,
that black women face
their encounters with police.
驚かないほどの酷さです
in front of their parents
in front of their children.
(電気銃)
when they've called for help.
when they were with others.
殺されました
being homeless while black.
理由でさえ殺されました
talking on the cell phone,
in front of the White House
in the backseat of the car.
シートベルトをした幼児も乗っていたのに
of media attention and communal outcry
社会的な抗議活動の勢いは
ならないのはなぜでしょう
of their fallen brothers?
Policy Forum began to demand
アフリカ系アメリカ人の政策フォーラムは
is being discussed.
十分ではありません
進んでしなければなりません
to the often painful realities
立ち向かうだけではなく
that many black women have had to face,
黒人の女性は直面していること
かかわらずです
that I'm about to share with you
なるかもしれないことを
to some of this violence.
皆で証言するきっかけにしたいのです
of the phenomenal Abby Dobson.
歌声を聴いてください
and some who have not survived them,
亡くなった女性も出てきます
at the beginning of this talk,
チャンスです
立っていられませんでしたね
there's going to be a roll call.
to join us in saying these names
呼んでください
[黒人女性への暴力についての沈黙を破るため]
[国家の暴力で犠牲となった全ての女性のため]
Janisha Fonville,
ジャニシャ・フォンヴィル
カイラ・ムーア
レキア・ボイ
タリカ、イベット・スミス
to bear witness
命を失った女性達の
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Kimberlé Crenshaw - Civil rights advocateAs a pioneer in critical race theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw helped open the discussion of the double bind faced by victims of simultaneous racial and gender prejudice.
Why you should listen
Kimberlé Crenshaw, professor of law at UCLA and Columbia Law School, is a leading authority in the area of cvil rights, Black feminist legal theory, and race, racism and the law. Her work has been foundational in two fields of study that have come to be known by terms that she coined: critical race theory and intersectionality.
Crenshaw’s articles have appeared in the Harvard Law Review, National Black Law Journal, Stanford Law Review and Southern California Law Review. She is the founding coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Workshop, and the co-editor of the volume, Critical Race Theory: Key Documents That Shaped the Movement. She has lectured widely on race matters, addressing audiences across the country as well as in Europe, India, Africa and South America. A specialist on race and gender equality, she has facilitated workshops for human rights activists in Brazil and in India, and for constitutional court judges in South Africa. Her groundbreaking work on intersectionality has traveled globally and was influential in the drafting of the equality clause in the South African Constitution.
Crenshaw authored the background paper on race and gender discrimination for the United Nation's World Conference on Racism, served as the rapporteur for the conference's expert group on gender and race discrimination, and coordinated NGO efforts to ensure the inclusion of gender in the WCAR Conference Declaration. She is a leading voice in calling for a gender-inclusive approach to racial justice interventions, having spearheaded the "Why We Can't Wait" campaign and co-authored Black Girls Matter: Pushed Out, Overpoliced and Underprotected, and Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality Against Black Women.
Crenshaw has worked extensively on a variety of issues pertaining to gender and race in the domestic arena including violence against women, structural racial inequality and affirmative action. She has served as a member of the National Science Foundation's committee to research violence against women and has consulted with leading foundations, social justice organizations and corporations to advance their race and gender equity initiatives.
In 1996, she co-founded the African American Policy Forum to house a variety of projects designed to deliver research-based strategies to better advance social inclusion. Among the Forum's projects are the Affirmative Action Research and Policy Consortium and the Multiracial Literacy and Leadership Initiative. In partnership with the Aspen Roundtable for Community Change, Crenshaw facilitated workshops on racial equity for hundreds of community leaders and organizations throughout the country. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, Crenshaw facilitates the Bellagio Project, an international network of scholars working in the field of social inclusion from five continents. She formerly served as Committee Chair for the U.S.-Brazil Joint Action Plan to Promote Racial and Ethnic Equality, an initiative of the U.S. State Department.
Crenshaw has received the Fulbright Distinguished Chair for Latin America, the Alphonse Fletcher Fellowship and was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in 2009 and a Visiting Fellow at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy in 2010. Currently, Crenshaw is director of the Center for Intersectionality and Social Policy Studies at Columbia Law School, which she founded in 2011, as well as the Centennial Professor at the LSE Gender Institute 2015-2018. Crenshaw received her J.D. from Harvard, L.L.M. from University of Wisconsin and B.A. from Cornell University.
Kimberlé Crenshaw | Speaker | TED.com
Abby Dobson - Artist
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Abby Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change.
Why you should listen
Abby Dobson is the 2016 artist-in-residence with the African American Policy Forum (AAPF). A sonic conceptualist artist, Dobson's sound is the alchemy of R&B/Soul, jazz, classic pop, gospel and folk, forging a gem that erases musical boundaries. Dobson has performed at venues such as S.O.B's, Kennedy Center Millennium Stage, Apollo Theater, Blue Note Jazz Club, Queens Museum and "The Tonight Show." Her debut album, Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On, was released in 2010 to glowing reviews. Featured on Talib Kweli’s album Gravitas on State of Grace, Dobson was also nominated for a 2014 BET Hip Hop Award for Best Impact Song.
Dobson received a Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University Law Center and a Bachelor's degree from Williams College in Political Science and History. Her interests have been deeply impacted by intersectionality discourse and critical race theory. An artist and independent scholar, Dobson's interests focus on the intersection of race and gender in the imagination, creation and consumption of music. A sampling of recent presentations include: International James Baldwin Conference at American University of Paris (2016), Association for the Study of African American History and Life Conference (2013-2015); Anna Julia Cooper Project at Tulane University (2013); and National Women's Studies Association (NWSA) Conference (2013).
Passionate about using music as a tool for empathy cultivation, Dobson creates music to inspire audiences to reflect on the world we live in and engage in action to promote transformative social change. She creates music to privilege black female voices and highlight the human condition. Inspired by AAPF’s social justice work, Dobson composed and performs "Say Her Name" in tribute to the black women lost to state and non-state violence.
Dobson also volunteers with the National Organization for Women, NYC Chapter's Activist Alliance serving as a member of its Intersectionality Committee. She is currently wrapping up recording for Sister Outsider, the follow-up to her debut album, slated for release in 2017.
Abby Dobson | Speaker | TED.com