TEDYouth 2015
Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them
Raymond Wang: Kako mikrobi putuju avionima -- i kako ih možemo zaustaviti.
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,821,024 views
Raymond Wang ima samo 17 godina, no iako tako mlad, već pomaže u gradnji zdravije budućnosti. Koristeći dinamiku fluida, Raymond je proizveo računalne simulacije kretanja zraka u avionima, i otkrio uznemirujuću činjenicu -- kada osoba kihne u avionu, tok zraka potpomaže širenje patogena na ostale putnike. Wang nam prikazuje nezaboravnu animaciju kako kašalj putnika kruži u avionskoj kabini, no također nam i pokazuje svoje nagrađivano rješenje za isti priblem: maleni uređaj oblika peraje koji povećava cirkulaciju svježeg zraka po kabini i odvodi zrak krcat patogenima van.
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can I get a show of hands --
0
1713
1366
Dignite ruku --
00:15
how many of you in this room
have been on a plane in this past year?
have been on a plane in this past year?
1
3103
3702
svi vi koji ste putovali
avionom unazad godinu dana.
avionom unazad godinu dana.
00:20
That's pretty good.
2
8258
1153
Odlično
00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share that experience
share that experience
3
9435
2885
Ispada da dijelite to iskustvo
00:24
with more than three billion
people every year.
people every year.
4
12344
2835
s više od tri milijarde ljudi
svake godine.
svake godine.
00:27
And when we put so many people
in all these metal tubes
in all these metal tubes
5
15203
3137
A kada strpamo toliko ljudi
u sve te metalne cijevi
u sve te metalne cijevi
00:30
that fly all over the world,
6
18364
1586
što lete diljem svijeta,
00:31
sometimes, things like this can happen
7
19974
2673
ponekada se ovakve stvari dogode
00:34
and you get a disease epidemic.
8
22671
1887
i dobijemo epidemiju bolesti.
00:37
I first actually got into this topic
9
25116
1951
Prvi puta sam se počeo
baviti ovom temom
baviti ovom temom
00:39
when I heard about the Ebola
outbreak last year.
outbreak last year.
10
27091
2632
prošle godine, kada sam
čuo za epidemiju Ebole.
čuo za epidemiju Ebole.
00:41
And it turns out that,
11
29747
1460
I ispada da,
00:43
although Ebola spreads
through these more range-limited,
through these more range-limited,
12
31231
2830
iako se Ebola širi tjelesnim
tekućinama velikih kapljica
tekućinama velikih kapljica
00:46
large-droplet routes,
13
34085
1334
ograničenim dosegom,
00:47
there's all these other sorts of diseases
14
35443
1978
postoji širok spektar drugih bolesti
00:49
that can be spread in the airplane cabin.
15
37445
1976
koje se mogu raširiti avionskom kabinom.
00:51
The worst part is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers,
a look at some of the numbers,
16
39445
3184
Najgore je da kada gledamo
razne statistike,
razne statistike,
00:54
it's pretty scary.
17
42653
1413
to je prilično zastrašujuće.
00:56
So with H1N1,
18
44090
1760
Na primjeru H1N1,
00:57
there was this guy that decided
to go on the plane
to go on the plane
19
45874
2389
jedan je čovjek odlučio
ući u avion
ući u avion
01:00
and in the matter of a single flight
20
48287
1771
te je za vrijeme jednog jedinog leta
01:02
actually spread the disease
to 17 other people.
to 17 other people.
21
50082
2254
uspio zaraziti 17 osoba.
01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARS,
other guy with SARS,
22
52360
2128
Jedan drugi čovjek, zaražen
SARS-om,
SARS-om,
01:06
who managed to go on a three-hour flight
23
54512
2102
se ukrcao na trosatni let
01:08
and spread the disease to 22 other people.
24
56638
2842
i zarazio 22 osobe.
01:11
That's not exactly my idea
of a great superpower.
of a great superpower.
25
59504
3408
Nije baš nešto čime se ti ljudi
mogu ponositi.
mogu ponositi.
01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
what we also find
26
63658
2564
Analizirajući situaciju,
pronalazimo da je
pronalazimo da je
01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen for these diseases.
to pre-screen for these diseases.
27
66246
2976
zaista vrlo teško
zapaziti ove bolesti.
zapaziti ove bolesti.
01:21
So when someone actually
goes on a plane,
goes on a plane,
28
69619
2091
Tako da kada se neka osoba
ukrca na avion,
ukrca na avion,
01:23
they could be sick
29
71734
1206
ona može biti oboljela
01:24
and they could actually
be in this latency period
be in this latency period
30
72964
2395
i mogla bi zaista biti u
periodu latentnosti
periodu latentnosti
01:27
in which they could actually
have the disease
have the disease
31
75383
2159
u kojem bi mogla biti
nositelj bolesti
nositelj bolesti
01:29
but not exhibit any symptoms,
32
77566
1572
bez ikakvih simptoma,
01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread the disease
spread the disease
33
79162
2191
i mogla bi, zauzvrat,
zaraziti
zaraziti
01:33
to many other people in the cabin.
34
81377
1673
mnoge osobe u avionu.
01:35
How that actually works is that right now
35
83074
2082
Kako se to zaista događa je
01:37
we've got air coming in
from the top of the cabin
from the top of the cabin
36
85180
2286
da zrak ulazi kroz
gornji dio kabine
gornji dio kabine
01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue.
as you see in blue.
37
87490
2426
i s obje strane kabine,
označeno plavim strelicama.
označeno plavim strelicama.
01:41
And then also, that air goes out
through these very efficient filters
through these very efficient filters
38
89940
4202
Taj zrak zatim izlazi
kroz vrlo učinkovite filtere
kroz vrlo učinkovite filtere
01:46
that eliminate 99.97 percent
of pathogens near the outlets.
of pathogens near the outlets.
39
94166
4548
koji eliminiraju 99.97 posto patogena
blizu ispusta.
blizu ispusta.
01:51
What happens right now, though,
40
99444
1477
Međutim, ono što se događa
01:52
is that we have this
mixing airflow pattern.
mixing airflow pattern.
41
100945
2067
je pojava kružnog protoka
miješanog zraka.
miješanog zraka.
01:55
So if someone were to actually sneeze,
42
103036
1832
Tako da ako netko kihne,
01:56
that air would get swirled
around multiple times
around multiple times
43
104892
2704
taj zrak bi se uskovitlao
nekoliko puta
nekoliko puta
01:59
before it even has a chance
to go out through the filter.
to go out through the filter.
44
107620
3245
prije nego bi uopće uspio
proći kroz filtere.
proći kroz filtere.
02:03
So I thought: clearly, this
is a pretty serious problem.
is a pretty serious problem.
45
111785
3213
Stoga sam pomislio: ovo je očito
prilično ozbiljan problem.
prilično ozbiljan problem.
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy a plane,
to go out and buy a plane,
46
115022
3733
Nisam imao dovoljno novca
da odem i kupim avion,
da odem i kupim avion,
02:10
so I decided to build a computer instead.
47
118779
2238
tako da sam odlučio sastaviti kompjuter.
02:13
It actually turns out that
with computational fluid dynamics,
with computational fluid dynamics,
48
121041
3272
Ispada da računalnom
dinamikom fluida
dinamikom fluida
02:16
what we're able to do
is create these simulations
is create these simulations
49
124337
2601
možemo pokretati simulacije
koje rezultiraju
koje rezultiraju
02:18
that give us higher resolutions
50
126962
1794
podacima veće preciznosti
02:20
than actually physically going
in and taking readings in the plane.
in and taking readings in the plane.
51
128780
3620
nego da fizički mjerimo
iste podatke u avionu.
iste podatke u avionu.
02:24
And so how, essentially, this works
is you would start out
is you would start out
52
132836
3014
I to, u biti, funkcionira tako da
započnete
započnete
02:27
with these 2D drawings --
53
135874
1672
s ovim 2D crtežima --
02:29
these are floating around
in technical papers around the Internet.
in technical papers around the Internet.
54
137570
3128
ove crteže možete naći u tehničkim
nacrtima svugdje po internetu.
nacrtima svugdje po internetu.
02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modeling software,
into this 3D-modeling software,
55
140722
2893
Uzmete ih, umetnete u softver
za 3D modeliranje,
za 3D modeliranje,
02:35
really building that 3D model.
56
143639
1779
koji konstruiraju taj 3D model.
02:37
And then I divide that model
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
57
145442
4459
Zatim podijelite taj izgrađeni model
u sitne komadiće,
u sitne komadiće,
02:41
essentially meshing it so that
the computer can better understand it.
the computer can better understand it.
58
149925
3577
u biti pretvorite u mrežu koju
računalo može bolje razumjeti.
računalo može bolje razumjeti.
02:45
And then I tell the computer where
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
59
153526
3721
I onda pokažete računalu gdje
zrak ulazi i izlazi iz kabine,
zrak ulazi i izlazi iz kabine,
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics
60
157271
1499
ubacite tonu fizike
02:50
and basically sit there and wait until
the computer calculates the simulation.
the computer calculates the simulation.
61
158794
4221
i praktički sjedite i čekate dok
računalo ne završi sa simulacijom.
računalo ne završi sa simulacijom.
02:56
So what we get, actually,
with the conventional cabin is this:
with the conventional cabin is this:
62
164015
3627
Ono što zapravo dobijemo
s konvencionalnom kabinom je sljedeće:
s konvencionalnom kabinom je sljedeće:
02:59
you'll notice the middle person sneezing,
63
167666
2247
primjećujete da osoba u sredini kiše,
03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's faces.
right into people's faces.
64
170767
3392
i PAF -- zrak ode ljudima u lice.
03:06
It's pretty disgusting.
65
174882
1821
Prilično je odvratno.
03:08
From the front, you'll notice
those two passengers
those two passengers
66
176727
2348
Primjećujete ona dva putnika,
s prednje strane
s prednje strane
03:11
sitting next to the central passenger
67
179099
1786
koji sjede uz centralnog putnika,
03:12
not exactly having a great time.
68
180909
1706
da baš i ne uživaju.
03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
at that from the side,
69
182639
2186
A kada pogledamo situaciju
s boka,
s boka,
03:16
you'll also notice those pathogens
spreading across the length of the cabin.
spreading across the length of the cabin.
70
184849
3993
primjećujete kako se patogeni
raspoređuju uzduž kabine.
raspoređuju uzduž kabine.
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
"This is no good."
71
190017
2350
Prvo što sam pomislio je bilo,
"Ovo nije dobro."
"Ovo nije dobro."
03:24
So I actually conducted
more than 32 different simulations
more than 32 different simulations
72
192391
3508
Tako da sam proveo više od
32 različite simulacije
32 različite simulacije
03:27
and ultimately, I came up
with this solution right here.
with this solution right here.
73
195923
3365
i na koncu došao do
narednog zaključka.
narednog zaključka.
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent pending --
Global Inlet Director.
Global Inlet Director.
74
199312
3516
Ovo zovem -- patent u postupku --
Globalni Ulazni Usmjerivač.
Globalni Ulazni Usmjerivač.
03:34
With this, we're able to reduce
pathogen transmission
pathogen transmission
75
202852
2566
S time smo u mogućnosti smanjiti
prijenos patogena
prijenos patogena
03:37
by about 55 times,
76
205442
1768
za otprilike 55 puta,
03:39
and increase fresh-air inhalation
by about 190 percent.
by about 190 percent.
77
207234
3153
i povisiti udisanje svježeg zraka
za otprilike 190 posto.
za otprilike 190 posto.
03:42
So how this actually works
78
210411
1604
Ovo radi tako
03:44
is we would install this piece
of composite material
of composite material
79
212039
3129
što bismo montirali ovaj komad
kompozitnog materijala
kompozitnog materijala
03:47
into these existing spots
that are already in the plane.
that are already in the plane.
80
215192
2968
u ova postojeća mjesta
u avionu.
u avionu.
03:50
So it's very cost-effective to install
81
218184
2001
Instalacija je troškovno vrlo efikasna
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight.
82
220209
1848
i možemo ju sprovesti preko noći.
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple
of screws in there and you're good to go.
of screws in there and you're good to go.
83
222081
3548
Sve što trebamo učiniti je zašarafiti
par šarafa i spremni smo.
par šarafa i spremni smo.
03:57
And the results that we get
are absolutely amazing.
are absolutely amazing.
84
225653
2859
Rezultati koje dobivamo su
apsolutno zadivljujući.
apsolutno zadivljujući.
04:00
Instead of having those problematic
swirling airflow patterns,
swirling airflow patterns,
85
228536
3536
Umjesto onih problematičnih
zračnih kovitlanja
zračnih kovitlanja
04:04
we can create these walls of air
86
232096
1742
stvaramo ove zračne zidove
04:05
that come down in-between the passengers
87
233862
2170
koji se spuštaju između putnika
04:08
to create personalized breathing zones.
88
236056
1898
i stvaraju osobne zone za disanje.
04:09
So you'll notice the middle passenger
here is sneezing again,
here is sneezing again,
89
237978
2985
Možete primijetiti da putnik u sredini
ponovno kiše,
ponovno kiše,
04:12
but this time, we're able
to effectively push that down
to effectively push that down
90
240987
2713
no ovaj put njegovo kihanje
možemo efektivno gurati dolje
možemo efektivno gurati dolje
04:15
to the filters for elimination.
91
243724
2713
prema filterima za eliminaciju.
04:18
And same thing from the side,
92
246461
1396
Isto vrijedi i za bok,
04:19
you'll notice we're able to directly
push those pathogens down.
push those pathogens down.
93
247881
3229
možete primijetiti da možemo
direktno gurati patogene prema dolje.
direktno gurati patogene prema dolje.
04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same scenario
at the same scenario
94
251682
3494
Tako da ako pogledate ponovno
isti scenarij
isti scenarij
04:27
but with this innovation installed,
95
255200
1689
no s ovim izumom instaliranim,
04:28
you'll notice the middle
passenger sneezes,
passenger sneezes,
96
256913
2016
primjećujete kako srednji
putnik kiše,
putnik kiše,
04:30
and this time, we're pushing
that straight down into the outlet
that straight down into the outlet
97
258953
3073
no ovaj put guramo njegov kašalj
direktno dolje u ispuh
direktno dolje u ispuh
04:34
before it gets a chance
to infect any other people.
to infect any other people.
98
262050
3721
prije nego dobije priliku
zaraziti ostale putnike.
zaraziti ostale putnike.
04:37
So you'll notice the two passengers
sitting next to the middle guy
sitting next to the middle guy
99
265795
3124
Primijetite da dva putnika
koja sjede uz našeg srednjeg putnika
koja sjede uz našeg srednjeg putnika
04:40
are breathing virtually
no pathogens at all.
no pathogens at all.
100
268943
2233
praktički ne udišu
nikakve patogene.
nikakve patogene.
04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
101
271200
2528
Pogledajte također isto s boka,
04:45
you see a very efficient system.
102
273752
1555
i vidite vrlo efikasan sustav.
04:47
And in short, with this system, we win.
103
275331
2622
Ukratko, s ovim sustavom
pobjeđujemo zarazu.
pobjeđujemo zarazu.
04:51
When we take a look at what this means,
104
279255
2889
Kada razmislimo što ovo znači,
04:54
what we see is that this not only works
if the middle passenger sneezes,
if the middle passenger sneezes,
105
282168
3472
vidimo da to ne funckionira samo
ako putnik u sredini kihne,
ako putnik u sredini kihne,
04:57
but also if the window-seat
passenger sneezes
passenger sneezes
106
285664
2774
nego i ako putnik u sjedalu
uz prozor kihne
uz prozor kihne
05:00
or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.
107
288462
2095
ili ako putnik uz prolaz kihne.
05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world?
this mean for the world?
108
291167
3087
Što ovo rješenje znači za svijet?
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
109
294278
3514
Pa, kada sagledamo sve
05:09
from the computer simulation
into real life,
into real life,
110
297816
2569
od računalne simulacije
preko stvarnog života,
preko stvarnog života,
05:12
we can see with this 3D model
that I built over here,
that I built over here,
111
300409
2762
možemo vidjeti s ovim 3D modelom
izrađenim ovdje,
izrađenim ovdje,
05:15
essentially using 3D printing,
112
303195
2088
isprintanim 3D pisačem,
05:17
we can see those same
airflow patterns coming down,
airflow patterns coming down,
113
305307
2959
možemo vidjeti isto
kolanje zraka prema dnu,
kolanje zraka prema dnu,
05:20
right to the passengers.
114
308290
1586
dolje prema putnicima.
05:22
In the past, the SARS epidemic
actually cost the world
actually cost the world
115
310920
3070
U prošlosti, epidemija SARS-a
je koštala svijet
je koštala svijet
05:26
about 40 billion dollars.
116
314014
1929
oko 40 milijardi dolara.
05:27
And in the future,
117
315967
1159
A u budućnosti,
05:29
a big disease outbreak
could actually cost the world
could actually cost the world
118
317150
2546
veliko izbijanje bolesti
bi moglo koštati čitav svijet
bi moglo koštati čitav svijet
05:31
in excess of three trillion dollars.
119
319720
1858
više of tri trilijuna dolara.
05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane out of service
to take an airplane out of service
120
321942
3477
U prošlosti smo morali
povući avion iz službe
povući avion iz službe
05:37
for one to two months,
121
325443
1872
jedan do dva mjeseca,
05:39
spend tens of thousands of man hours
and several million dollars
and several million dollars
122
327339
3572
potrošiti desetke tisuća sati rada
i nekoliko milijuna dolara da bismo
i nekoliko milijuna dolara da bismo
05:42
to try to change something.
123
330935
1323
pokušali učiniti nešto.
05:44
But now, we're able to install
something essentially overnight
something essentially overnight
124
332282
3511
Međutim, sada možemo nešto
instalirati praktički preko noći
instalirati praktički preko noći
05:47
and see results right away.
125
335817
1727
i odmah vidjeti rezultate.
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking
this through to certification,
this through to certification,
126
337568
3206
Tako da ovo trebamo sprovesti
kroz certifikaciju,
kroz certifikaciju,
05:52
flight testing,
127
340798
1190
i testiranja u letu,
05:54
and going through all of these
regulatory approvals processes.
regulatory approvals processes.
128
342012
2992
i kroz sve one regulatorne
procese za odobrenje.
procese za odobrenje.
05:57
But it just really goes to show
that sometimes the best solutions
that sometimes the best solutions
129
345028
3064
No ono što se da zaključiti je
da su ponekad najbolja rješenja
da su ponekad najbolja rješenja
06:00
are the simplest solutions.
130
348116
1438
ujedino i najjednostavnija.
06:01
And two years ago, even,
131
349935
3190
I prije dvije godine, na primjer,
06:05
this project would not have happened,
132
353149
1769
ovaj projekt se ne bi ni ostvario,
06:06
just because the technology then
wouldn't have supported it.
wouldn't have supported it.
133
354942
2826
čisto zbog nedostatka
tehnologija.
tehnologija.
06:09
But now with advanced computing
134
357792
2469
No trenutno, s naprednim
računalnim simulacijama
računalnim simulacijama
06:12
and how developed our Internet is,
135
360285
2186
i razvojem Interneta,
06:14
it's really the golden era for innovation.
136
362495
2639
nalazimo se u zlatnoj eri inovacija.
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today is: why wait?
of you today is: why wait?
137
365158
3243
Stoga vas sve želim danas upitati:
čemu čekanje?
čemu čekanje?
06:20
Together, we can build the future today.
138
368425
2321
Zajedno možemo izgraditi budućnost danas.
06:23
Thanks.
139
371123
1151
Hvala
06:24
(Applause)
140
372298
3106
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - InventorRaymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.
Why you should listen
Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).
Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.
Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.
Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.
In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals.
Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com