TEDYouth 2015
Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them
雷蒙德.王: 病菌是如何在飞机上传播的——以及我们要如何阻止这种传播
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,821,024 views
雷蒙德.王只有17岁，但已经在帮助创建更加健康的未来。利用流体动力学，他创建了飞机上空气流动的计算模型，并发现了令人不安的事实——当有人在飞机上打喷嚏时，气流实质上帮助把病菌传播给了其他乘客。王分享了一段令人印象深刻的视频，包括喷嚏是如何在机舱内传播的以及他获奖的解决方案：一个小型的，鱼鳍状的设备，它增加了飞机中的新鲜气流，并使含有病菌的空气改道退出流通。
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can I get a show of hands --
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可不可以请大家举一下手——
00:15
how many of you in this room
have been on a plane in this past year?
have been on a plane in this past year?
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这里有多少人在过去一年中搭乘过飞机？
00:20
That's pretty good.
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看起来很多啊。
那么，事实证明你每年会与
00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share that experience
share that experience
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超过30亿人共享飞行的经历。
00:24
with more than three billion
people every year.
people every year.
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当我们把这么多人放入所有这些
00:27
And when we put so many people
in all these metal tubes
in all these metal tubes
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00:30
that fly all over the world,
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满世界飞行的金属管时，
有时会发生这样的事情——
00:31
sometimes, things like this can happen
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你会感染一种传染病。
00:34
and you get a disease epidemic.
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00:37
I first actually got into this topic
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我最初开始这个课题，
是在去年听说了埃博拉疫情爆发的时候。
00:39
when I heard about the Ebola
outbreak last year.
outbreak last year.
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事实表明，
00:41
And it turns out that,
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尽管埃博拉病毒是在很有限的范围内，
00:43
although Ebola spreads
through these more range-limited,
through these more range-limited,
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以飞沫传染的方式进行传播的，
00:46
large-droplet routes,
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00:47
there's all these other sorts of diseases
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还有其它很多种疾病
00:49
that can be spread in the airplane cabin.
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也会在机舱中传播。
最糟糕的是，
当我们看到一些数字时，
当我们看到一些数字时，
00:51
The worst part is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers,
a look at some of the numbers,
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会感到很恐惧。
00:54
it's pretty scary.
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00:56
So with H1N1,
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携带有H1N1的这家伙
决定了要登上飞机，
00:57
there was this guy that decided
to go on the plane
to go on the plane
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01:00
and in the matter of a single flight
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就单个航班而言，
他可以把疾病传播给其他17个人。
01:02
actually spread the disease
to 17 other people.
to 17 other people.
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还有另一个家伙携带有“非典“病菌,
01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARS,
other guy with SARS,
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登上了一个三小时的航班，
01:06
who managed to go on a three-hour flight
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并把疾病传播给了其他22个人。
01:08
and spread the disease to 22 other people.
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我原先并不知道这种传染性竟然这么强。
01:11
That's not exactly my idea
of a great superpower.
of a great superpower.
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01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
what we also find
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看一下这张图，我们也会发现，
事先筛查出这些疾病是非常困难的。
01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen for these diseases.
to pre-screen for these diseases.
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01:21
So when someone actually
goes on a plane,
goes on a plane,
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所以，当有人上了飞机，
他们可能是病人，
01:23
they could be sick
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也可能处于疾病的潜伏期，
01:24
and they could actually
be in this latency period
be in this latency period
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也就是说他们会得上这种病，
01:27
in which they could actually
have the disease
have the disease
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但是海没有表现出任何症状，
01:29
but not exhibit any symptoms,
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于是他们就可能把疾病传染给
01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread the disease
spread the disease
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01:33
to many other people in the cabin.
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机舱中的其他人。
01:35
How that actually works is that right now
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这到底是怎么传播的呢？
事实上，空气由机舱的顶部和侧边进入，
01:37
we've got air coming in
from the top of the cabin
from the top of the cabin
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01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue.
as you see in blue.
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就是你们看到的蓝色箭头的位置。
然后，空气通过这些
高效的过滤器离开机舱，
高效的过滤器离开机舱，
01:41
And then also, that air goes out
through these very efficient filters
through these very efficient filters
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01:46
that eliminate 99.97 percent
of pathogens near the outlets.
of pathogens near the outlets.
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出口附近99.97%的病菌都会被过滤掉。
01:51
What happens right now, though,
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然而，目前的情况是，
空气是按这种混合气流的方式流动着。
01:52
is that we have this
mixing airflow pattern.
mixing airflow pattern.
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所以如果有人打了个喷嚏，
01:55
So if someone were to actually sneeze,
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周围的空气就会呈漩涡态反复打转，
01:56
that air would get swirled
around multiple times
around multiple times
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然后才有机会从过滤器排出。
01:59
before it even has a chance
to go out through the filter.
to go out through the filter.
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02:03
So I thought: clearly, this
is a pretty serious problem.
is a pretty serious problem.
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所以我觉得这明显是个严重的问题。
我买不起飞机，
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy a plane,
to go out and buy a plane,
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所以我决定弄台计算机试试看。
02:10
so I decided to build a computer instead.
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事实表明，利用计算流体动力学，
02:13
It actually turns out that
with computational fluid dynamics,
with computational fluid dynamics,
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我们就能够模拟这些情况，
02:16
what we're able to do
is create these simulations
is create these simulations
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相较于真正进入飞机获取数据，
02:18
that give us higher resolutions
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这样其实更方便进行数据解析。
02:20
than actually physically going
in and taking readings in the plane.
in and taking readings in the plane.
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02:24
And so how, essentially, this works
is you would start out
is you would start out
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我们的工作是从这些
02:27
with these 2D drawings --
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2D图形开始的——
网络上有很多关于这方面的技术论文。
02:29
these are floating around
in technical papers around the Internet.
in technical papers around the Internet.
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我把它们导入到3D模型软件中，
02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modeling software,
into this 3D-modeling software,
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建立了那个3D模型。
02:35
really building that 3D model.
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然后我把刚刚建好的模型分解成小块，
02:37
And then I divide that model
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
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彻底打碎这个模型，
使得计算机能够更好地理解每组数据。
使得计算机能够更好地理解每组数据。
02:41
essentially meshing it so that
the computer can better understand it.
the computer can better understand it.
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然后我告诉计算机空气出入机舱的位置，
02:45
And then I tell the computer where
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
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在机舱内放置一些物体，
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics
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然后基本就可以坐在一边
直到计算机模拟完成。
直到计算机模拟完成。
02:50
and basically sit there and wait until
the computer calculates the simulation.
the computer calculates the simulation.
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02:56
So what we get, actually,
with the conventional cabin is this:
with the conventional cabin is this:
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若是用传统的机舱，我们得到的结果是，
中间的乘客打喷嚏时，
02:59
you'll notice the middle person sneezing,
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03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's faces.
right into people's faces.
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在“阿欠”一声后气流
就会喷向人们的脸部。
就会喷向人们的脸部。
03:06
It's pretty disgusting.
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实在有点恶心。
03:08
From the front, you'll notice
those two passengers
those two passengers
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从前面看，中间乘客身旁的
两位乘客，
03:11
sitting next to the central passenger
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肯定不会开心。
03:12
not exactly having a great time.
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03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
at that from the side,
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从侧边观察一下，
03:16
you'll also notice those pathogens
spreading across the length of the cabin.
spreading across the length of the cabin.
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你也会发现那些病菌
会在机舱内前后传播。
会在机舱内前后传播。
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
"This is no good."
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我的第一反应是“这样可不好”。
03:24
So I actually conducted
more than 32 different simulations
more than 32 different simulations
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我实际上创建了
32个不同的情况的模拟，
32个不同的情况的模拟，
03:27
and ultimately, I came up
with this solution right here.
with this solution right here.
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并最终得到了这个解决方案。
我称它为——专利审核中的——
环流入口导向器。
环流入口导向器。
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent pending --
Global Inlet Director.
Global Inlet Director.
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有了这个，我们可以把
病菌传播的可能性
病菌传播的可能性
03:34
With this, we're able to reduce
pathogen transmission
pathogen transmission
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03:37
by about 55 times,
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降低55倍，
03:39
and increase fresh-air inhalation
by about 190 percent.
by about 190 percent.
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并可以增加190%可吸入的新鲜空气。
那么在实际过程中如何使用呢？
03:42
So how this actually works
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我们只需要把这块复合材料
03:44
is we would install this piece
of composite material
of composite material
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03:47
into these existing spots
that are already in the plane.
that are already in the plane.
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安装到飞机上已经存在的这些位置。
安装成本非常低，
03:50
So it's very cost-effective to install
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只需要一个晚上就能全部安装好。
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight.
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所有的工作仅仅是要
上几颗螺丝，非常简单。
上几颗螺丝，非常简单。
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple
of screws in there and you're good to go.
of screws in there and you're good to go.
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我们得到的结果非常惊人。
03:57
And the results that we get
are absolutely amazing.
are absolutely amazing.
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避开了那些有问题的漩涡气流模式，
04:00
Instead of having those problematic
swirling airflow patterns,
swirling airflow patterns,
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我们能够在乘客中间，
04:04
we can create these walls of air
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04:05
that come down in-between the passengers
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建立起这些空气墙，
04:08
to create personalized breathing zones.
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从而创造出私人的呼吸区域。
这样你会发现当中间的乘客
再打喷嚏时，
再打喷嚏时，
04:09
So you'll notice the middle passenger
here is sneezing again,
here is sneezing again,
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我们就能够有效地迫使
带有病菌的空气向下流动，
带有病菌的空气向下流动，
04:12
but this time, we're able
to effectively push that down
to effectively push that down
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直接经过滤器排出。
04:15
to the filters for elimination.
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04:18
And same thing from the side,
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从侧边再看一下，
可以看到我们能够直接让病菌向下流动。
04:19
you'll notice we're able to directly
push those pathogens down.
push those pathogens down.
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04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same scenario
at the same scenario
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安装了这个新的设计，
现在再看一下同样的情形，
04:27
but with this innovation installed,
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04:28
you'll notice the middle
passenger sneezes,
passenger sneezes,
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你会发现中间乘客打喷嚏时，
我们能够在其他人受到影响之前，
04:30
and this time, we're pushing
that straight down into the outlet
that straight down into the outlet
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04:34
before it gets a chance
to infect any other people.
to infect any other people.
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直接把病菌向下推送并排出机舱。
可以看到中间乘客身边的两位乘客
04:37
So you'll notice the two passengers
sitting next to the middle guy
sitting next to the middle guy
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安全不会吸入病菌。
04:40
are breathing virtually
no pathogens at all.
no pathogens at all.
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再从侧边看一下，
04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
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这是一个非常有效的系统。
04:45
you see a very efficient system.
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总而言之，有了这个系统，我们赢了。
04:47
And in short, with this system, we win.
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当我们再进一步看看它的效果，
04:51
When we take a look at what this means,
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可以看到这不仅在当中间位置的乘客
打喷嚏时有效，
打喷嚏时有效，
04:54
what we see is that this not only works
if the middle passenger sneezes,
if the middle passenger sneezes,
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04:57
but also if the window-seat
passenger sneezes
passenger sneezes
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也对窗边或者过道边的乘客
非常有效。
05:00
or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.
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那么，这个解决方案
对全世界意味着什么了？
对全世界意味着什么了？
05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world?
this mean for the world?
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当我们把视角从计算机模拟
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
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05:09
from the computer simulation
into real life,
into real life,
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转换到现实生活时，
在利用3D打印
05:12
we can see with this 3D model
that I built over here,
that I built over here,
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做好了这个3D模型后，
05:15
essentially using 3D printing,
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我们能够看到气流直接
05:17
we can see those same
airflow patterns coming down,
airflow patterns coming down,
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对着乘客往下流动。
05:20
right to the passengers.
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在过去，“非典”足足花费了
05:22
In the past, the SARS epidemic
actually cost the world
actually cost the world
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05:26
about 40 billion dollars.
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全世界400亿美元。
在将来，
05:27
And in the future,
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一个大型疾病的爆发可能会
花费全世界
花费全世界
05:29
a big disease outbreak
could actually cost the world
could actually cost the world
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超过3万亿美元。
05:31
in excess of three trillion dollars.
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以前，我们经常不得不让飞机
05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane out of service
to take an airplane out of service
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停飞一两个月，
05:37
for one to two months,
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花费大量人力以及巨资，
05:39
spend tens of thousands of man hours
and several million dollars
and several million dollars
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来试着解决一些问题。
05:42
to try to change something.
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但现在我们只需花上一个晚上
安装一下这个东西，
安装一下这个东西，
05:44
But now, we're able to install
something essentially overnight
something essentially overnight
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效果就立竿见影了。
05:47
and see results right away.
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实际上，现在只需要
把这个结果拿去认证，
把这个结果拿去认证，
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking
this through to certification,
this through to certification,
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05:52
flight testing,
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进行飞行测试，
05:54
and going through all of these
regulatory approvals processes.
regulatory approvals processes.
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再通过这些常规的
批准过程就可以了。
批准过程就可以了。
事实表明，有时最好的解决方案
05:57
But it just really goes to show
that sometimes the best solutions
that sometimes the best solutions
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恰恰就是最简单的。
06:00
are the simplest solutions.
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然而就两年前，
06:01
And two years ago, even,
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这个项目甚至不可能实施，
06:05
this project would not have happened,
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只是因为那时的技术
还无法实现这种设计。
还无法实现这种设计。
06:06
just because the technology then
wouldn't have supported it.
wouldn't have supported it.
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但是有了先进的计算技术
06:09
But now with advanced computing
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和如此发达的网络，
06:12
and how developed our Internet is,
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我们现在真的处于创新的黄金时期。
06:14
it's really the golden era for innovation.
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所以今天我要问大家的问题是：
还在等什么呢？
还在等什么呢？
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today is: why wait?
of you today is: why wait?
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一起努力，我们今天就能创造未来。
06:20
Together, we can build the future today.
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06:23
Thanks.
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谢谢。
（掌声）
06:24
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - InventorRaymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.
Why you should listen
Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).
Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.
Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.
Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.
In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals.
Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com