TEDYouth 2015
Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them
Raymond Wang: Ako sa mikróby šíria v lietadlách a ako tomu môžeme zabrániť
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Raymond Wang má len 17 rokov a už pomáha budovať zdravšiu budúcnosť. Využitím dynamiky tekutín vytvoril počítačovú simuláciu toho, ako sa pohybuje vzduch v lietadlách a zistil čosi znepokojujúce – ak si niekto v lietadle kýchne, tok vzduchu v lietadle napomáha šíreniu patogénov k ostatným cestujúcim. Wang ukazuje svoju nezabudnuteľnú animáciu toho, ako sa kýchnutie šíri kabínou lietadla a tiež svoje riešenie, ktoré zbiera ocenenia: malé zariadenie v tvare plutvy, ktoré zvyšuje prítok čerstvého vzduchu v lietadlách a presmerováva patogénmi presýtený vzduch mimo cirkulácie.
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can I get a show of hands --
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Prosím zodvihnite ruku tí,
00:15
how many of you in this room
have been on a plane in this past year?
have been on a plane in this past year?
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ktorí ste za posledný rok
cestovali lietadlom?
cestovali lietadlom?
00:20
That's pretty good.
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Dobre.
00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share that experience
share that experience
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Pravdou je, že tak urobí
00:24
with more than three billion
people every year.
people every year.
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tri miliardy ľudí každý rok.
00:27
And when we put so many people
in all these metal tubes
in all these metal tubes
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A keď sa v týchto kovových trubiciach
lietajúcich ponad celý svet
lietajúcich ponad celý svet
00:30
that fly all over the world,
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vystrieda také množstvo ľudí,
00:31
sometimes, things like this can happen
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niekedy sa stanú takéto veci
00:34
and you get a disease epidemic.
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a dôjde k epidémii.
00:37
I first actually got into this topic
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Prvýkrát som sa k tomuto dostal,
00:39
when I heard about the Ebola
outbreak last year.
outbreak last year.
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keď som minulý rok počul o epidémii eboly.
00:41
And it turns out that,
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A ukazuje sa,
00:43
although Ebola spreads
through these more range-limited,
through these more range-limited,
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že aj keď sa ebola šíri
pri kontakte s telesnými tekutinami,
pri kontakte s telesnými tekutinami,
00:46
large-droplet routes,
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a teda má obmedzený rozsah,
00:47
there's all these other sorts of diseases
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existuje mnoho iných ochorení,
00:49
that can be spread in the airplane cabin.
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ktoré sa môžu šíriť v kabíne lietadla.
00:51
The worst part is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers,
a look at some of the numbers,
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Najhoršie je, že ak sa pozrieme na čísla,
00:54
it's pretty scary.
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je to dosť strašidelné.
00:56
So with H1N1,
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Napríklad človek,
00:57
there was this guy that decided
to go on the plane
to go on the plane
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ktorý sa rozhodol ísť do lietadla
s vírusom H1N1,
s vírusom H1N1,
01:00
and in the matter of a single flight
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v priebehu jedného letu
01:02
actually spread the disease
to 17 other people.
to 17 other people.
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nakazil 17 ľudí.
01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARS,
other guy with SARS,
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A iný chlapík, s vírusom SARS,
01:06
who managed to go on a three-hour flight
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počas trojhodinového letu
01:08
and spread the disease to 22 other people.
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nakazil 22 ľudí.
01:11
That's not exactly my idea
of a great superpower.
of a great superpower.
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To nie je úplne moja predstava
o nadprirodzenej schopnosti.
o nadprirodzenej schopnosti.
01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
what we also find
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Ak sa na to pozrieme, zistíme,
01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen for these diseases.
to pre-screen for these diseases.
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že je veľmi ťažké tieto ochorenia
vopred odhaliť.
vopred odhaliť.
01:21
So when someone actually
goes on a plane,
goes on a plane,
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Takže ak niekto nasadá do lietadla,
01:23
they could be sick
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možno už je nakazený
01:24
and they could actually
be in this latency period
be in this latency period
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a ak je v inkubačnej dobe,
01:27
in which they could actually
have the disease
have the disease
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už má ochorenie,
01:29
but not exhibit any symptoms,
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ktorým môže nakaziť
01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread the disease
spread the disease
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ostatných ľudí v lietadle,
01:33
to many other people in the cabin.
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aj keď sám zatiaľ nemá príznaky.
01:35
How that actually works is that right now
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Funguje to tak, že teraz
01:37
we've got air coming in
from the top of the cabin
from the top of the cabin
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prichádza vzduch z vrchu kabíny
01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue.
as you see in blue.
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a z bokov kabíny, ako je vyznačené modrou.
01:41
And then also, that air goes out
through these very efficient filters
through these very efficient filters
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A tento vzduch sa dostáva von,
cez veľmi efektívne filtre,
cez veľmi efektívne filtre,
01:46
that eliminate 99.97 percent
of pathogens near the outlets.
of pathogens near the outlets.
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ktoré eliminujú 99,97 % patogénov.
01:51
What happens right now, though,
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Deje sa však to,
01:52
is that we have this
mixing airflow pattern.
mixing airflow pattern.
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že vzduch sa mieša.
01:55
So if someone were to actually sneeze,
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Takže ak si niekto kýchne,
01:56
that air would get swirled
around multiple times
around multiple times
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tento vzduch sa točí dookola
ešte niekoľkokrát
ešte niekoľkokrát
01:59
before it even has a chance
to go out through the filter.
to go out through the filter.
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predtým, ako má vôbec šancu
prejsť cez filter.
prejsť cez filter.
02:03
So I thought: clearly, this
is a pretty serious problem.
is a pretty serious problem.
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A tak som si pomyslel,
že toto je skutočne vážny problém.
že toto je skutočne vážny problém.
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy a plane,
to go out and buy a plane,
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Nemal som peniaze na to,
aby som si kúpil lietadlo,
aby som si kúpil lietadlo,
02:10
so I decided to build a computer instead.
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tak som sa rozhodol zostrojiť počítač.
02:13
It actually turns out that
with computational fluid dynamics,
with computational fluid dynamics,
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Ukázalo sa, že s využitím
výpočtov dynamiky tekutín
výpočtov dynamiky tekutín
02:16
what we're able to do
is create these simulations
is create these simulations
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môžeme vytvoriť simulácie,
02:18
that give us higher resolutions
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ktoré nám dávajú lepšie riešenia,
02:20
than actually physically going
in and taking readings in the plane.
in and taking readings in the plane.
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než aké by sme získali
meraniami v lietadle.
meraniami v lietadle.
02:24
And so how, essentially, this works
is you would start out
is you would start out
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V podstate to funguje tak, že začnete
02:27
with these 2D drawings --
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s 2D kresbami –
02:29
these are floating around
in technical papers around the Internet.
in technical papers around the Internet.
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tieto nájdete v technických
článkoch na internete.
článkoch na internete.
02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modeling software,
into this 3D-modeling software,
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Tie som vložil
do 3D modelovacieho softvéru,
do 3D modelovacieho softvéru,
02:35
really building that 3D model.
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ktorý vytvoril 3D model.
02:37
And then I divide that model
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
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A tento vytvorený model som potom
rozdelil na malé časti tak,
rozdelil na malé časti tak,
02:41
essentially meshing it so that
the computer can better understand it.
the computer can better understand it.
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aby ich mohol počítač lepšie pochopiť.
02:45
And then I tell the computer where
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
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A potom som počítaču povedal,
kde sa vzducho dostáva do a z kabíny,
kde sa vzducho dostáva do a z kabíny,
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics
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pridal trochu fyziky
02:50
and basically sit there and wait until
the computer calculates the simulation.
the computer calculates the simulation.
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a v podstate sedel a čakal,
kým počítač vytvoril simuláciu.
kým počítač vytvoril simuláciu.
02:56
So what we get, actually,
with the conventional cabin is this:
with the conventional cabin is this:
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Takže čo sa deje v bežnej kabíne:
02:59
you'll notice the middle person sneezing,
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všimnite si osoba v strede kýchne,
03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's faces.
right into people's faces.
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a „Šplech!" – šíri sa to
do tváre ľudí okolo.
do tváre ľudí okolo.
03:06
It's pretty disgusting.
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Je to dosť nechutné.
03:08
From the front, you'll notice
those two passengers
those two passengers
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Všimite si, že tí dvaja cestujúci,
03:11
sitting next to the central passenger
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vedľa cestujúceho v strede,
03:12
not exactly having a great time.
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si to veľmi neužívajú.
03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
at that from the side,
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A keď sa na to pozrieme z boku,
03:16
you'll also notice those pathogens
spreading across the length of the cabin.
spreading across the length of the cabin.
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všimneme si, že patogény sa šíria
celou kabínou lietadla.
celou kabínou lietadla.
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
"This is no good."
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Prvé, čo som si pomyslel, bolo:
„Toto nie je dobré."
„Toto nie je dobré."
03:24
So I actually conducted
more than 32 different simulations
more than 32 different simulations
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Takže som postupne spravil
32 rôznych simulácií
32 rôznych simulácií
03:27
and ultimately, I came up
with this solution right here.
with this solution right here.
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a nakoniec som prišiel na riešenie.
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent pending --
Global Inlet Director.
Global Inlet Director.
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Nazývam to – prebieha patentovanie –
globálny vstupný smerovač.
globálny vstupný smerovač.
03:34
With this, we're able to reduce
pathogen transmission
pathogen transmission
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S ním je možné zredukovať prenos patogénov
03:37
by about 55 times,
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asi 55-násobne
03:39
and increase fresh-air inhalation
by about 190 percent.
by about 190 percent.
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a zvýšiť nasávanie čerstvého vzduchu
asi o 190 percent.
asi o 190 percent.
03:42
So how this actually works
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V skutočnosti to funguje tak,
03:44
is we would install this piece
of composite material
of composite material
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že nainštalujeme túto súčiastku
z kompozitného materiálu
z kompozitného materiálu
03:47
into these existing spots
that are already in the plane.
that are already in the plane.
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do už existujúcich miest v lietadle.
03:50
So it's very cost-effective to install
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Takže je to cenovo výhodné
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight.
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a vieme to spraviť rýchlo.
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple
of screws in there and you're good to go.
of screws in there and you're good to go.
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Stačí len pár skrutiek a hotovo.
03:57
And the results that we get
are absolutely amazing.
are absolutely amazing.
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A výsledky, ktoré sme dosiahli,
sú úplne úžasné.
sú úplne úžasné.
04:00
Instead of having those problematic
swirling airflow patterns,
swirling airflow patterns,
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Namiesto problematického vírenia vzduchu
04:04
we can create these walls of air
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vieme vytvoriť tieto vzduchové steny
04:05
that come down in-between the passengers
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medzi pasažiermi
a vytvoríme tak osobné dýchacie zóny.
04:08
to create personalized breathing zones.
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04:09
So you'll notice the middle passenger
here is sneezing again,
here is sneezing again,
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Takže všimnite si, že cestujúci v strede
si znova kýchol,
si znova kýchol,
ale tentoraz sme schopný efektívne
nasmerovať vzduch
nasmerovať vzduch
04:12
but this time, we're able
to effectively push that down
to effectively push that down
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04:15
to the filters for elimination.
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do filtrov na odstránenie.
04:18
And same thing from the side,
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To isté z boku,
04:19
you'll notice we're able to directly
push those pathogens down.
push those pathogens down.
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všimnite si, že vieme nasmerovať
patogény priamo dole.
patogény priamo dole.
04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same scenario
at the same scenario
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Takže ak sa znova pozrieme
na rovnaký scenár,
na rovnaký scenár,
04:27
but with this innovation installed,
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po nainštalovaní nášho zariadenia,
04:28
you'll notice the middle
passenger sneezes,
passenger sneezes,
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pasažier v strede si kýchne
04:30
and this time, we're pushing
that straight down into the outlet
that straight down into the outlet
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a tentoraz to presmerujeme
nadol, do filtrov,
nadol, do filtrov,
04:34
before it gets a chance
to infect any other people.
to infect any other people.
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ešte skôr ako by sa mohli nakaziť
iní cestujúci.
iní cestujúci.
04:37
So you'll notice the two passengers
sitting next to the middle guy
sitting next to the middle guy
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Takže dvaja cestujúci
hneď vedľa muža v strede
hneď vedľa muža v strede
04:40
are breathing virtually
no pathogens at all.
no pathogens at all.
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nevdýchnu žiadne patogény.
04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
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Keď sa na to pozriete z boku,
sledujete veľmi efektívny systém.
04:45
you see a very efficient system.
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04:47
And in short, with this system, we win.
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A v skratke, s týmto systémom vyhráme.
04:51
When we take a look at what this means,
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Ak si uvedomíme, čo to znamená,
04:54
what we see is that this not only works
if the middle passenger sneezes,
if the middle passenger sneezes,
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vidíme, že to funguje nielen, ak si
kýchne cestujúci v strede,
kýchne cestujúci v strede,
04:57
but also if the window-seat
passenger sneezes
passenger sneezes
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ale tiež ak si kýchne cestujúci pri okne
05:00
or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.
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alebo cestujúci v uličke.
05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world?
this mean for the world?
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Takže čo toto riešenie znamená pre svet?
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
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Ak to vezmeme
05:09
from the computer simulation
into real life,
into real life,
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od počítačovej simulácie
do reálneho sveta,
do reálneho sveta,
05:12
we can see with this 3D model
that I built over here,
that I built over here,
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môžeme na tomto 3D modeli,
05:15
essentially using 3D printing,
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ktorý som vytvoril použitím 3D tlačiarne,
05:17
we can see those same
airflow patterns coming down,
airflow patterns coming down,
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vidieť to isté prúdenie vzduchu
smerom nadol
smerom nadol
05:20
right to the passengers.
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k pasažierom.
05:22
In the past, the SARS epidemic
actually cost the world
actually cost the world
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V minulosti nás epidémia SARSu stála
05:26
about 40 billion dollars.
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asi 40 miliárd dolárov.
05:27
And in the future,
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A v budúcnosti
05:29
a big disease outbreak
could actually cost the world
could actually cost the world
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by nás vypuknutie veľkej epidémie
mohlo stáť 3 bilióny dolárov.
05:31
in excess of three trillion dollars.
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05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane out of service
to take an airplane out of service
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Predtým bolo potrebné
vylúčiť lietadlo z prevádzky
vylúčiť lietadlo z prevádzky
05:37
for one to two months,
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asi na dva mesiace,
05:39
spend tens of thousands of man hours
and several million dollars
and several million dollars
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stráviť desiatky tisíc hodín
a niekoľko miliónov dolárov,
a niekoľko miliónov dolárov,
aby sme sa pokúsili niečo zmeniť.
05:42
to try to change something.
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05:44
But now, we're able to install
something essentially overnight
something essentially overnight
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Ale teraz sme schopní
urobiť zmeny zo dňa na deň
urobiť zmeny zo dňa na deň
05:47
and see results right away.
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a okamžite vidieť výsledky.
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking
this through to certification,
this through to certification,
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Teraz je to už len otázka certifikácie,
05:52
flight testing,
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otestovania počas letu
05:54
and going through all of these
regulatory approvals processes.
regulatory approvals processes.
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a absolovania všetkých
procesov schvaľovania.
procesov schvaľovania.
05:57
But it just really goes to show
that sometimes the best solutions
that sometimes the best solutions
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A to len dokazuje, že niekedy
tie najlepšie riešenia
tie najlepšie riešenia
06:00
are the simplest solutions.
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sú zároveň tými najjednoduchšími.
06:01
And two years ago, even,
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Pred dvomi rokmi
06:05
this project would not have happened,
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by tento projekt nemal šancu,
06:06
just because the technology then
wouldn't have supported it.
wouldn't have supported it.
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pretože neexistovali technológie,
ktoré by to umožnili.
ktoré by to umožnili.
06:09
But now with advanced computing
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Ale dnes, s pokročilejšími výpočtami
06:12
and how developed our Internet is,
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a rozvojom internetu
06:14
it's really the golden era for innovation.
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žijeme v zlatej ére inovácií.
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today is: why wait?
of you today is: why wait?
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A tak sa vás dnes všetkých pýtam:
„Načo čakať?"
„Načo čakať?"
06:20
Together, we can build the future today.
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Spolu môžme budovať
našu budúcnosť už dnes.
našu budúcnosť už dnes.
06:23
Thanks.
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Ďakujem.
06:24
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - InventorRaymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.
Why you should listen
Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).
Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.
Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.
Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.
In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals.
Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com