TED2017
Helen Pearson: Lessons from the longest study on human development
Helen Pearson: Lekcije iz najdužeg istraživanja o razvoju čovjeka
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Zadnjih 70 godina, znanstvenici u Britaniji istraživali su tisuće djece tijekom njihovih života kako bi otkrili zašto su neki sretni i zdravi, a zašto se drugi muče. Ovo je najduže istraživanje razvoja čovjeka u svijetu i dalo je neke od najbolje proučavanih ljudi na planeti mijenjajući način na koji živimo, učimo i odgajamo. U pregledu ovog izuzetnog istraživanja znanstvena novinarka Helen Pearson dijeli neka važna otkrića i jednostavne tajne o životu i dobrom roditeljstvu.
Helen Pearson - Science journalist, editor, author
Helen Pearson's book, "The Life Project," tells the extraordinary story of the longest-running study of human development in the world. Full bio
Helen Pearson's book, "The Life Project," tells the extraordinary story of the longest-running study of human development in the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Today I want to confess something to you,
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Danas vam želim nešto priznati,
00:17
but first of all I'm going to ask you
a couple of questions.
a couple of questions.
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ali prvo ću vas pitati nekoliko pitanja.
00:20
How many people here have children?
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Koliko vas ovdje ima djecu?
00:23
And how many of you are confident
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I koliko je vas uvjereno
00:25
that you know how
to bring up your children
to bring up your children
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da znate kako odgojiti svoju djecu
00:27
in exactly the right way?
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baš kako treba?
00:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:32
OK, I don't see too many hands
going up on that second one,
going up on that second one,
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Dobro, vidim da nije puno vas podiglo
ruku na ovo drugo pitanje,
ruku na ovo drugo pitanje,
00:35
and that's my confession, too.
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a to je i moje priznanje.
00:36
I've got three boys;
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Imam tri dječaka;
00:38
they're three, nine and 12.
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imaju tri, devet i dvanaest godina.
00:39
And like you, and like most parents,
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I poput vas, i mnogih roditelja,
00:42
the honest truth is I have
pretty much no idea what I'm doing.
pretty much no idea what I'm doing.
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istina je da više-manje
nemam pojma što radim.
nemam pojma što radim.
00:45
I want them to be
happy and healthy in their lives,
happy and healthy in their lives,
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Želim da svoje živote
žive u sreći i zdravlju,
žive u sreći i zdravlju,
00:48
but I don't know what I'm supposed to do
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ali ne znam što bih trebala raditi
00:50
to make sure they are happy and healthy.
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kako bih osigurala da to tako i bude.
00:52
There's so many books
offering all kinds of conflicting advice,
offering all kinds of conflicting advice,
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Puno knjiga nudi
kojekakve proturječne savjete,
kojekakve proturječne savjete,
00:55
it can be really overwhelming.
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To zaista može biti previše,
00:56
So I've spent most of their lives
just making it up as I go along.
just making it up as I go along.
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pa sam tako većinu njihovih života
provela donoseći odluke usput.
provela donoseći odluke usput.
01:01
However, something changed me
a few years ago,
a few years ago,
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No, nešto me promijenilo
kada sam prije nekoliko godina
kada sam prije nekoliko godina
01:04
when I came across a little secret
that we have in Britain.
that we have in Britain.
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otkrila jednu našu britansku tajnu.
01:07
It's helped me become more confident
about how I bring up my own children,
about how I bring up my own children,
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Pomogla mi je da budem
samouvjerenija u odgoju djece
samouvjerenija u odgoju djece
01:10
and it's revealed a lot about
how we as a society can help all children.
how we as a society can help all children.
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i puno mi je otkrila o tome kako
mi kao društvo možemo pomoći djeci.
mi kao društvo možemo pomoći djeci.
01:14
I want to share that secret
with you today.
with you today.
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Danas s vama želim podijeliti tu tajnu.
01:18
For the last 70 years,
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Zadnjih 70 godina
01:20
scientists in Britain have been following
thousands of children through their lives
thousands of children through their lives
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znanstvenici u Britaniji pratili su
tisuće djece tijekom njihovih života
tisuće djece tijekom njihovih života
01:24
as part of an incredible scientific study.
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u sklopu čudesnog
znanstvenog istraživanja.
znanstvenog istraživanja.
01:27
There's nothing quite like it
anywhere else in the world.
anywhere else in the world.
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U svijetu ne postoji ništa slično.
01:30
Collecting information
on thousands of children
on thousands of children
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Prikupljanje podataka o tisućama djece
01:33
is a really powerful thing to do,
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uistinu je moćna stvar
01:34
because it means we can compare
the ones who say,
the ones who say,
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jer znači da možemo usporediti
one koji su, npr.
one koji su, npr.
01:37
do well at school or end up healthy
or happy or wealthy as adults,
or happy or wealthy as adults,
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dobri učenici i koji na kraju
budu sretni ili bogati odrasli ljudi
budu sretni ili bogati odrasli ljudi
01:40
and the ones who struggle much more,
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i one koji se više muče
01:42
and then we can sift through
all the information we've collected
all the information we've collected
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i od toga možemo probirati
prikupljene podatke
prikupljene podatke
01:45
and try to work out why
their lives turned out different.
their lives turned out different.
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i pokušati shvatiti
zašto su naši životi drugačiji.
zašto su naši životi drugačiji.
01:48
This British study --
it's actually a kind of crazy story.
it's actually a kind of crazy story.
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Ovo britansko istraživanje -
to je zapravo jedna luda priča.
to je zapravo jedna luda priča.
01:51
So it all starts back in 1946,
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Sve je počelo 1946.,
01:53
just a few months
after the end of the war,
after the end of the war,
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nekoliko mjeseci nakon što je rat završio,
01:55
when scientists wanted to know
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kad znanstvenici
htjedoše znati
htjedoše znati
01:57
what it was like for a woman
to have a baby at the time.
to have a baby at the time.
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kako je ženi u to vrijeme
bilo imati dijete.
bilo imati dijete.
02:00
They carried out
this huge survey of mothers
this huge survey of mothers
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Proveli su veliko ispitivanje majki
02:03
and ended up recording the birth
of nearly every baby
of nearly every baby
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i zabilježili rođenje
gotovo svakog djeteta
gotovo svakog djeteta
02:06
born in England, Scotland
and Wales in one week.
and Wales in one week.
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rođenog u Engleskoj, Škotskoj
i Walesu u tjedan dana.
i Walesu u tjedan dana.
02:09
That was nearly 14,000 babies.
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Bilo je to gotovo 14.000 djece.
02:12
The questions they asked these women
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Pitanja koja su postavljali
tim ženama
tim ženama
02:14
are very different than the ones
we might ask today.
we might ask today.
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drugačija su od onih koje
bismo danas postavljali.
bismo danas postavljali.
02:16
They sound really old-fashioned now.
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Sada zvuče jako zastarjelo.
02:18
They asked them things like,
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Pitali su ih pitanja poput:
02:19
"During pregnancy,
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"tijekom trudnoće,
02:21
did you get your full extra ration
of a pint of milk a day?"
of a pint of milk a day?"
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jeste li dobivali dodatnu porciju
od pola litre mlijeka dnevno?"
od pola litre mlijeka dnevno?"
02:25
"How much did you spend
on smocks, corsets,
on smocks, corsets,
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"Koliko ste potrošili
na trudničke haljine, korzete
na trudničke haljine, korzete
02:28
nightdresses, knickers and brassieres?"
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spavaćice, gaćice i grudnjake?"
02:32
And this is my favorite one:
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A ovo mi je pitanje najdraže:
02:34
"Who looked after your husband
while you were in bed with this baby?"
while you were in bed with this baby?"
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"Tko se brinuo za vašeg muža
dok ste vi ležali s tim djetetom?"
dok ste vi ležali s tim djetetom?"
02:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:42
Now, this wartime study
actually ended up being so successful
actually ended up being so successful
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E, ovo ratno istraživanje
zapravo je bilo toliko uspješno
zapravo je bilo toliko uspješno
02:45
that scientists did it again.
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da su ga znanstvenici ponovili.
02:47
They recorded the births
of thousands of babies born in 1958
of thousands of babies born in 1958
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Zabilježili su rođenja
tisuća djece rođenih 1958.
tisuća djece rođenih 1958.
02:50
and thousands more in 1970.
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i još tisuća djece rođenih 1970.
02:53
They did it again in the early 1990s,
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Ponovili su to i ranih 1990-ih,
02:55
and again at the turn of the millennium.
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a onda i na prijelazu tisućljeća.
02:57
Altogether, more than 70,000 children
have been involved in these studies
have been involved in these studies
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Ukupno je više od 70.000 djece
bilo uključeno u ova istraživanja
bilo uključeno u ova istraživanja
03:00
across those five generations.
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kroz pet generacija.
03:02
They're called the British birth cohorts,
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To su kohorte britanskih rađanja
03:05
and scientists have gone back
and recorded more information
and recorded more information
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i otada se znanstvenici vraćaju
da zabilježe još podataka
da zabilježe još podataka
03:07
on all of these people
every few years ever since.
every few years ever since.
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o svim tim ljudima svakih nekoliko godina.
03:11
The amount of information
that's now been collected on these people
that's now been collected on these people
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Količina podataka koja je prikupljena
o tim ljudima
o tim ljudima
03:14
is just completely mind-boggling.
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zaista je zapanjujuća.
03:15
It includes thousands
of paper questionnaires
of paper questionnaires
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Uključuje tisuću pismenih upitnika
03:18
and terabytes' worth of computer data.
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i terabajte kompjutorskih podataka.
03:20
Scientists have also built up
a huge bank of tissue samples,
a huge bank of tissue samples,
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Znanstvenici su izgradili
i banku uzoraka tkiva,
i banku uzoraka tkiva,
03:23
which includes locks of hair,
nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA.
nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA.
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koja uključuje pramenove kose,
odrezane nokte, mliječne zube i DNK.
odrezane nokte, mliječne zube i DNK.
03:28
They've even collected 9,000 placentas
from some of the births,
from some of the births,
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Prikupili su čak i 9.000 posteljica
od nekih poroda,
od nekih poroda,
03:33
which are now pickled in plastic buckets
in a secure storage warehouse.
in a secure storage warehouse.
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koji se sad čuvaju u plastičnim kanticama
u sigurnom skladištu.
u sigurnom skladištu.
03:38
This whole project has become unique --
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Cijeli je ovaj projekt
postao jedinstven
postao jedinstven
03:40
so, no other country in the world
is tracking generations of children
is tracking generations of children
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i nijedna druga država u svijetu
ne prati generacije djece
ne prati generacije djece
03:43
in quite this detail.
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ovako detaljno.
03:45
These are some of the best-studied
people on the planet,
people on the planet,
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Ovo su neki od
najproučavanijih ljudi na planetu,
najproučavanijih ljudi na planetu,
03:48
and the data has become
incredibly valuable for scientists,
incredibly valuable for scientists,
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a podaci su postali iznimno vrijedni
za znanstvenike,
za znanstvenike,
03:51
generating well over 6,000
academic papers and books.
academic papers and books.
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koji su stvorili više od 6.000
akademskih članaka i knjiga.
akademskih članaka i knjiga.
03:56
But today I want to focus
on just one finding --
on just one finding --
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Ali danas se želim usredotočiti
samo na ovo -
samo na ovo -
03:59
perhaps the most important discovery
to come from this remarkable study.
to come from this remarkable study.
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možda i najvažnije otkriće
ovog značajnog istraživanja.
ovog značajnog istraživanja.
04:03
And it's also the one
that spoke to me personally,
that spoke to me personally,
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A to je i ono koje je meni blisko
04:06
because it's about how to use science
to do the best for our children.
to do the best for our children.
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jer se tiče toga kako koristiti znanost
da djeci omogućimo najbolje.
da djeci omogućimo najbolje.
04:10
So, let's get the bad news
out of the way first.
out of the way first.
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'Ajmo prvo proći loše vijesti.
04:14
Perhaps the biggest message
from this remarkable study is this:
from this remarkable study is this:
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Možda i najveća poruka
ovog izuzetnog istraživanja glasi:
ovog izuzetnog istraživanja glasi:
04:18
don't be born into poverty
or into disadvantage,
or into disadvantage,
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nemojte se roditi u siromašnoj
obitelji koja teško živi
obitelji koja teško živi
04:21
because if you are,
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jer će vam
04:22
you're far more likely
to walk a difficult path in life.
to walk a difficult path in life.
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životni put vrlo vjerojatno
biti puno teži.
biti puno teži.
04:26
Many children in this study
were born into poor families
were born into poor families
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Mnogo djece iz istraživanja
rođeno je u siromašnim obiteljima
rođeno je u siromašnim obiteljima
04:29
or into working-class families that had
cramped homes or other problems,
cramped homes or other problems,
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ili obiteljima iz radničke klase koje žive
u tijesnim kućama ili s drugim problemima
u tijesnim kućama ili s drugim problemima
04:33
and it's clear now
that those disadvantaged children
that those disadvantaged children
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i sada je jasno da takva djeca
koja žive u nedaćama
koja žive u nedaćama
04:35
have been more likely to struggle
on almost every score.
on almost every score.
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češće imaju više teškoća
na gotovo svakom životnom polju.
na gotovo svakom životnom polju.
04:38
They've been more likely
to do worse at school,
to do worse at school,
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Češće su lošiji u školi,
04:41
to end up with worse jobs
and to earn less money.
and to earn less money.
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završe na lošijim radnim mjestima
i zarađuju manje novca.
i zarađuju manje novca.
04:44
Now, maybe that sounds really obvious,
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Ovo možda zvuči očito,
04:46
but some of the results
have been really surprising,
have been really surprising,
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ali neki od tih rezultata
bili su zaista iznenađujući,
bili su zaista iznenađujući,
04:48
so children who had a tough start in life
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pa djeca koja imaju težak početak života
04:50
are also more likely to end up
unhealthy as adults.
unhealthy as adults.
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također češće završe
kao nezdravi odrasli ljudi.
kao nezdravi odrasli ljudi.
04:53
They're more likely to be overweight,
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Skloniji su prekomjernoj težini,
04:55
to have high blood pressure,
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visokom krvnom tlaku,
04:56
and then decades down the line,
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a desetljećima kasnije
04:58
more likely to have a failing memory,
poor health and even to die earlier.
poor health and even to die earlier.
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češće gube pamćenje, imaju loše zdravlje
i čak i ranije umiru.
i čak i ranije umiru.
05:05
Now, I talked about what happens later,
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Pričala sam o tome što se događa kasnije,
05:08
but some of these differences emerge
at a really shockingly early age.
at a really shockingly early age.
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ali neke od ovih razlika
pojavljuju se iznenađujuće rano.
pojavljuju se iznenađujuće rano.
05:12
In one study,
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U jednom istraživanju
05:13
children who were growing up in poverty
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djeca koja su odrastala u siromaštvu
05:15
were almost a year behind
the richer children on educational tests,
the richer children on educational tests,
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kaskala su gotovo godinu dana u obrazovnim
testovima u usporedbi s bogatom djecom,
testovima u usporedbi s bogatom djecom,
05:19
and that was by the age of just three.
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i to do treće godine.
05:22
These types of differences have been found
again and again across the generations.
again and again across the generations.
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Ovakve su razlike otkrivene
na mnogim generacijama.
na mnogim generacijama.
05:26
It means that our early circumstances
have a profound influence
have a profound influence
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To znači da naša rana okolina
ima jako puno utjecaja
ima jako puno utjecaja
05:29
on the way that the rest
of our lives play out.
of our lives play out.
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na način na koji se naši životi odvijaju.
05:32
And working out why that is
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Shvatiti zašto je to tako
05:33
is one of the most difficult questions
that we face today.
that we face today.
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jedno je od najtežih pitanja
s kojima se danas susrećemo.
s kojima se danas susrećemo.
05:37
So there we have it.
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Eto ga.
05:39
The first lesson for successful life,
everyone, is this:
everyone, is this:
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Ljudi, prva lekcija
za uspješan život glasi:
za uspješan život glasi:
05:42
choose your parents very carefully.
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pažljivo izaberite roditelje.
05:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:45
Don't be born into a poor family
or into a struggling family.
or into a struggling family.
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Nemojte se roditi u siromašnoj obitelji
ili u onoj koja teško živi.
ili u onoj koja teško živi.
05:49
Now, I'm sure you can see
the small problem here.
the small problem here.
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Sigurna sam da primjećujete problemčić.
05:52
We can't choose our parents
or how much they earn,
or how much they earn,
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Ne možemo birati roditelje
niti visinu njihovih prihoda,
niti visinu njihovih prihoda,
05:55
but this British study has also struck
a real note of optimism
a real note of optimism
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ali ovo britansko istraživanje
ima jednu optimističnu crtu
ima jednu optimističnu crtu
05:58
by showing that not everyone
who has a disadvantaged start
who has a disadvantaged start
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koja pokazuje da ne mora svatko
tko je počeo u teškoj situaciji
tko je počeo u teškoj situaciji
06:02
ends up in difficult circumstances.
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završiti u teškim okolnostima.
06:05
As you know, many people
have a tough start in life,
have a tough start in life,
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Kao što znate, mnogim ljudima
život započne teško,
život započne teško,
06:07
but they end up doing very well
on some measure nevertheless,
on some measure nevertheless,
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ali svejedno su uspješni do neke mjere,
06:10
and this study starts to explain how.
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a ovo istraživanje objašnjava
kako je to moguće.
kako je to moguće.
06:13
So the second lesson is this:
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Druga lekcija glasi:
06:15
parents really matter.
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roditelji su uistinu važni.
06:17
In this study,
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U ovom istraživanju,
06:19
children who had engaged,
interested parents,
interested parents,
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djeca angažiranih,
zainteresiranih roditelja
zainteresiranih roditelja
06:21
ones who had ambition for their future,
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s ambicijama za njihovu budućnost
06:23
were more likely to escape
from a difficult start.
from a difficult start.
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češće su pobjegli iz loših okolnosti.
06:26
It seems that parents and what they do
are really, really important,
are really, really important,
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Roditelji i ono što oni čine uistinu,
uistinu je važno,
uistinu je važno,
06:30
especially in the first few years of life.
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pogotovo u prvih nekoliko godina života.
06:32
Let me give you an example of that.
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Dat ću vam primjer.
06:34
In one study,
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U jednom istraživanju
06:35
scientists looked at about 17,000 children
who were born in 1970.
who were born in 1970.
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istraživači su promatrali oko 17.000 djece
rođenih '70-ih godina.
rođenih '70-ih godina.
06:40
They sifted all the mountains of data
that they had collected
that they had collected
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Prekopali su gomile podataka
koje su prikupili
koje su prikupili
06:43
to try to work out
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kako bi shvatili
06:45
what allowed the children
who'd had a difficult start in life
who'd had a difficult start in life
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što je omogućilo djeci kojima je
početak života bio težak
početak života bio težak
06:47
to go on and do well
at school nevertheless.
at school nevertheless.
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da svejedno u školi postižu dobar uspjeh.
06:50
In other words, which ones beat the odds.
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Tj., probrali su one
koji su uspjeli unatoč svemu.
koji su uspjeli unatoč svemu.
06:52
The data showed that what mattered
more than anything else was parents.
more than anything else was parents.
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Podaci su pokazali
da su roditelji bili najvažniji.
da su roditelji bili najvažniji.
06:56
Having engaged, interested parents
in those first few years of life
in those first few years of life
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Angažirani, zainteresirani roditelji
u prvih nekoliko godina
u prvih nekoliko godina
06:59
was strongly linked to children going on
to do well at school later on.
to do well at school later on.
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snažno su povezani s djecom koja su
na kraju ostvarivala dobar uspjeh u školi.
na kraju ostvarivala dobar uspjeh u školi.
07:04
In fact, quite small things
that parents do
that parents do
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Štoviše, sitnice koje roditelji čine
07:07
are associated with good
outcomes for children.
outcomes for children.
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povezane su s pozitivnim ishodima djece.
07:10
Talking and listening to a child,
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Razgovor i slušanje djeteta,
07:12
responding to them warmly,
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toplina usmjerena prema njima,
07:14
teaching them their letters and numbers,
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poučavanje slovima i brojevima,
07:16
taking them on trips and visits.
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vođenje na izlete i u posjete.
07:17
Reading to children every day
seems to be really important, too.
seems to be really important, too.
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Svakodnevno čitanje djeci
također je prilično bitno.
također je prilično bitno.
07:21
So in one study,
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U jednom istraživanju
07:22
children whose parents were reading
to them daily when they were five
to them daily when they were five
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djeca kojoj su roditelji čitali
svakodnevno u petoj godini
svakodnevno u petoj godini
07:26
and then showing an interest
in their education at the age of 10,
in their education at the age of 10,
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3049
i pokazivali interes za njihovo
obrazovanje u desetoj godini
obrazovanje u desetoj godini
07:29
were significantly less likely
to be in poverty at the age of 30
to be in poverty at the age of 30
156
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rjeđe su bili siromašni u 30. godini
07:33
than those whose parents
weren't doing those things.
weren't doing those things.
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od one djece čiji roditelji
to nisu činili.
to nisu činili.
07:37
Now, there are huge challenges
with interpreting this type of science.
with interpreting this type of science.
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Velik je izazov tumačiti ovakvu znanost.
07:41
These studies show
that certain things that parents do
that certain things that parents do
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Istraživanja pokazuju
da su neke stvari koje roditelji rade
da su neke stvari koje roditelji rade
07:44
are correlated with good
outcomes for children,
outcomes for children,
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povezane su
s pozitivnim ishodima za djecu,
s pozitivnim ishodima za djecu,
07:46
but we don't necessarily know
those behaviors caused the good outcomes,
those behaviors caused the good outcomes,
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ali nismo sigurni jesu li ti postupci
izazvali te pozitivne ishode
izazvali te pozitivne ishode
07:50
or whether some other factor
is getting in the way.
is getting in the way.
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ili neki drugi faktor stoji na putu.
07:52
For example, we have to take
genes into account,
genes into account,
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Npr. moramo uzeti gene u obzir,
07:54
and that's a whole other talk in itself.
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a to je jedan sasvim drugi govor.
07:57
But scientists working
with this British study
with this British study
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Znanstvenici koji su radili
na ovom britanskom istraživanju
na ovom britanskom istraživanju
07:59
are working really hard to get at causes,
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naporno rade na otkrivanju uzroka,
08:01
and this is one study I particularly love.
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a ovo je istraživanje koje posebno volim.
08:03
In this one,
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U ovome su
08:05
they looked at the bedtime routines
of about 10,000 children
of about 10,000 children
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pratili rutine za laku noć 10.000 djece
08:08
born at the turn of the millennium.
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rođenih na prijelazu iz tisućljeća.
08:09
Were the children going to bed
at regular times,
at regular times,
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Jesu li djeca išla spavati u isto vrijeme
08:12
or did they go to bed
at different times during the week?
at different times during the week?
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ili su svaki dan tijekom tjedna
išli spavati u drugo vrijeme?
išli spavati u drugo vrijeme?
08:15
The data showed that those children
who were going to bed at different times
who were going to bed at different times
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Podaci su pokazali da su djeca
koja su išla spavati u različito vrijeme
koja su išla spavati u različito vrijeme
08:18
were more likely
to have behavioral problems,
to have behavioral problems,
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češće imala problema s ponašanjem,
08:21
and then those that switched
to having regular bedtimes
to having regular bedtimes
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a ona koja su imala
ustaljeno vrijeme počinka
ustaljeno vrijeme počinka
08:23
often showed an improvement in behavior,
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često su pokazivala
poboljšanja u ponašanju,
poboljšanja u ponašanju,
08:26
and that was really crucial,
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a to je bilo zaista ključno
08:27
because it suggested
it was the bedtime routines
it was the bedtime routines
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2272
jer je to pokazalo da rutine za laku noć
08:29
that were really helping things
get better for those kids.
get better for those kids.
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2715
zaista pomažu djeci da napreduju.
08:33
Here's another one to think about.
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1621
Evo još nešto za razmišljanje.
08:34
In this one,
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U ovome istraživanju
08:36
scientists looked at children
who were reading for pleasure.
who were reading for pleasure.
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istraživači su pratili djecu
koja su čitala iz užitka.
koja su čitala iz užitka.
08:39
That means that they picked up
a magazine, a picture book, a story book.
a magazine, a picture book, a story book.
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To znači da su uzela časopis,
slikovnicu ili čitanku.
slikovnicu ili čitanku.
08:43
The data showed that children
who were reading for pleasure
who were reading for pleasure
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Podaci su pokazali da su djeca
koja su čitala iz užitka
koja su čitala iz užitka
08:46
at the ages of five and 10
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2260
između pete i desete godine
08:48
were more likely to go on in school
better, on average,
better, on average,
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2896
u prosjeku češće
bili uspješnija u školi,
bili uspješnija u školi,
08:51
on school tests later in their lives.
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519807
1971
na testovima i u životima.
08:53
And not just tests of reading,
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1705
I to ne samo na testovima čitanja,
08:55
but tests of spelling and maths as well.
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2140
već i na testovima sricanja i matematike.
08:58
This study tried to control
for all the confounding factors,
for all the confounding factors,
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Ovo je istraživanje pokušavalo
kontrolirati sve konfliktne faktore,
kontrolirati sve konfliktne faktore,
09:01
so it looked at children
who were equally intelligent
who were equally intelligent
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pa je pratilo djecu koja su bila
jednako inteligentna
jednako inteligentna
09:03
and from the same social-class background,
192
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2032
i koja su dolazila
iz iste društvene klase,
iz iste društvene klase,
09:05
so it seemed as if it was the reading
which really helped those children
which really helped those children
193
533903
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pa se ispostavilo da je upravo čitanje
pomoglo toj djeci
pomoglo toj djeci
09:09
go on and score better on those
school tests later in their lives.
school tests later in their lives.
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3143
da postižu bolji uspjeh na testovima,
a kasnije i u životu.
a kasnije i u životu.
09:13
Now at the start,
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Na početku sam rekla
09:14
I said the first lesson from this study
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542951
1949
da je prva lekcija iz ovog istraživanja
09:16
was not to be born into poverty
or into disadvantage,
or into disadvantage,
197
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2548
ta da se ne smijemo roditi
u siromaštvu i teškoćama
u siromaštvu i teškoćama
09:19
because those children tend to follow
more difficult paths in their lives.
more difficult paths in their lives.
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jer ta djeca najčešće nastavljaju
tim teškim životnim putem.
tim teškim životnim putem.
09:23
But then I said that parenting matters,
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2237
Onda sam rekla
da je važan roditeljski stil
da je važan roditeljski stil
09:25
and that good parenting,
if you can call it that,
if you can call it that,
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2302
i da dobro roditeljstvo, nazovimo ga tako,
09:27
helps children beat the odds
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1336
pomaže djeci da uspiju
09:29
and overcome some
of those early disadvantages.
of those early disadvantages.
202
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i svladaju neke od tih ranih teškoća.
09:31
So wait,
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1325
Čekajte,
09:33
does that actually mean, then,
that poverty doesn't matter after all?
that poverty doesn't matter after all?
204
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3344
znači li to da siromaštvo
uopće nije bitno?
uopće nije bitno?
09:38
You could argue it doesn't matter
if a child is born poor --
if a child is born poor --
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Možete reći da nije bitno
ako je dijete rođeno siromašno -
ako je dijete rođeno siromašno -
09:41
as long as their parents are good parents,
they're going to do just fine.
they're going to do just fine.
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3721
dok su roditelji dobri roditelji,
bit će sve u redu.
bit će sve u redu.
09:44
I don't believe that's true.
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1407
Ne vjerujem da je to istina.
09:46
This study shows that poverty
and parenting matter.
and parenting matter.
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Istraživanje pokazuje
da su oba čimbenika bitna.
da su oba čimbenika bitna.
09:49
And one study actually
put figures on that,
put figures on that,
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2000
Jedno istraživanje pokazuje točne brojke,
09:51
so it looked at children
growing up in persistent poverty
growing up in persistent poverty
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2699
pa je pratilo djecu koja odrastaju
u stalnom siromaštvu
u stalnom siromaštvu
09:54
and how well they were doing at school.
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2069
i kako im ide u školi.
09:56
The data showed
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1151
Istraživanje je pokazalo
09:57
that even when their parents
were doing everything right --
were doing everything right --
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da čak i kad su roditelji
sve radili kako treba --
sve radili kako treba --
10:00
putting them to bed on time
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slali ih na počinak na vrijeme
10:01
and reading to them every day
and everything else --
and everything else --
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2437
i čitali im svaki dan i sve ostalo -
10:04
that only got those children so far.
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1833
to je djeci samo donekle pomoglo.
10:06
Good parenting only reduced
the educational gap
the educational gap
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Dobro roditeljstvo samo je
smanjilo obrazovni jaz
smanjilo obrazovni jaz
10:09
between the rich and poor children
by about 50 percent.
by about 50 percent.
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597603
3013
između bogate i siromašne djece,
i to za otprilike 50%.
i to za otprilike 50%.
10:13
Now that means that poverty
leaves a really lasting scar,
leaves a really lasting scar,
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4151
To znači da siromaštvo
ostavlja trajan ožiljak,
ostavlja trajan ožiljak,
10:17
and it means that if we really want
to ensure the success and well-being
to ensure the success and well-being
220
605647
3382
a to znači da ako zaista
želimo osigurati uspjeh i dobrobit
želimo osigurati uspjeh i dobrobit
10:21
of the next generation,
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1437
sljedeće generacije,
10:22
then tackling child poverty
is an incredibly important thing to do.
is an incredibly important thing to do.
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3888
iznimno je bitno da se suočimo
s problemom dječjeg siromaštva.
s problemom dječjeg siromaštva.
10:27
Now, what does all this mean
for you and me?
for you and me?
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2388
Što sve to znači za vas i mene?
10:30
Are there lessons here
we can all take home and use?
we can all take home and use?
224
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2430
Ima li tu lekcija koju
svi možemo koristiti?
svi možemo koristiti?
10:32
As a scientist and a journalist,
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1530
Kao znanstvenik i novinar,
10:34
I like to have some science
to inform my parenting ...
to inform my parenting ...
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Volim kad me znanost pouči roditeljstvu...
10:37
and I can tell you that when
you're shouting at your kids
you're shouting at your kids
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2757
i mogu vam reći da
kada vičete na svoju djecu
kada vičete na svoju djecu
10:40
to go to bed on time,
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628693
1260
da odu spavati na vrijeme,
10:41
it really helps to have
the scientific literature on your side.
the scientific literature on your side.
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važno je da na vašoj strani
imate znanstvenu literaturu.
imate znanstvenu literaturu.
10:45
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:46
And wouldn't it be great to think
231
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1603
Ne bi li bilo sjajno misliti
10:47
that all we had to do to have
happy, successful children
happy, successful children
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635703
2709
da je za odgoj zdrave,
uspješne djece potrebno samo
uspješne djece potrebno samo
10:50
was to talk to them,
be interested in their future,
be interested in their future,
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razgovarati s njima,
zanimati se za njihovu budućnost,
zanimati se za njihovu budućnost,
10:53
put them to bed on time,
and give them a book to read?
and give them a book to read?
234
641159
2574
staviti ih na spavanje
na vrijeme i dati im knjigu?
na vrijeme i dati im knjigu?
10:55
Our job would be done.
235
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1150
Naš posao bio bi gotov.
10:57
Now, as you can imagine,
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Kao što možete zamisliti,
10:58
the answers aren't quite
as simple as that.
as simple as that.
237
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3209
odgovori nisu tako jednostavni.
11:02
For one thing, this study
looks at what happens
looks at what happens
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2191
Kao prvo, istraživanje
promatra što se događa
promatra što se događa
11:04
to thousands and thousands
of children on average,
of children on average,
239
652310
2421
tisućama i tisućama djece u prosjeku,
11:06
but that doesn't necessarily say
what will help my child or your child
what will help my child or your child
240
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3598
ali to nam ne govori što će pomoći
mome ili vašem djetetu
mome ili vašem djetetu
11:10
or any individual child.
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1737
ili bilo kojem djetetu.
11:12
In the end, each of our children
is going to walk their own path,
is going to walk their own path,
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3208
Na kraju će svako naše dijete
poći vlastitim putem,
poći vlastitim putem,
11:15
and that's partly defined
by the genes they inherit
by the genes they inherit
243
663370
2579
a to je dijelom određeno
naslijeđenim genima
naslijeđenim genima
11:17
and of course all the experiences
they have through their lives,
they have through their lives,
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665973
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i, naravno, iskustvima
koje prožive za života,
koje prožive za života,
11:20
including their interactions
with us, their parents.
with us, their parents.
245
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2452
uključujući njihove interakcije
s nama, roditeljima.
s nama, roditeljima.
11:23
I will tell you what I did
after I learned all this.
after I learned all this.
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2455
Reći ću vam što sam učinila
kad sam to saznala.
kad sam to saznala.
11:25
It's a bit embarrassing.
247
673953
1150
Malo je sramotno.
11:27
I realized I was so busy working,
248
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2473
Shvatila sam da sam toliko radila
11:30
and ironically,
249
678449
1159
i ironično,
11:31
learning and writing about this incredible
study of British children,
study of British children,
250
679632
3584
učila i pisala o ovom nevjerojatnom
istraživanju britanske djece
istraživanju britanske djece
11:35
that there were days when I hardly
even spoke to my own British children.
even spoke to my own British children.
251
683240
3458
da je bilo dana kad jedva i da sam
progovorila s vlastitom britanskom djecom.
progovorila s vlastitom britanskom djecom.
11:39
So at home, we introduced talking time,
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2254
Zato smo kod kuće uveli
vrijeme za razgovor
vrijeme za razgovor
11:41
which is just 15 minutes
at the end of the day
at the end of the day
253
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2144
koje iznosi samo 15 minuta na kraju dana
11:43
when we talk and listen to the boys.
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2166
kad pričamo i slušamo svoje dječake.
11:46
I try better now to ask them
what they did today,
what they did today,
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3311
Sad se više trudim pitati ih
što su danas radili
što su danas radili
11:50
and to show that I value
what they do at school.
what they do at school.
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698042
2331
i pokazati im da cijenim
to što rade u školi.
to što rade u školi.
11:52
Of course, I make sure
they always have a book to read.
they always have a book to read.
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700985
2642
Naravno, na raspolaganju
uvijek imaju knjigu za čitanje.
uvijek imaju knjigu za čitanje.
11:55
I tell them I'm ambitious
for their future,
for their future,
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Kažem im da sam ambiciozna
za njihovu budućnost
za njihovu budućnost
11:57
and I think they can be happy
and do great things.
and do great things.
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3160
i da mislim da mogu biti sretni
i raditi sjajne stvari.
i raditi sjajne stvari.
12:02
I don't know that any of that
will make a difference,
will make a difference,
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2782
Ne znam hoće li to išta promijeniti,
12:04
but I'm pretty confident
it won't do them any harm,
it won't do them any harm,
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ali potpuno sam sigurna
da im neće naštetiti,
da im neće naštetiti,
12:07
and it might even do them some good.
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a možda im čak i bude korisno.
12:09
Ultimately, if we want happy children,
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Nažalost, ako želimo sretnu djecu,
12:12
all we can do is listen to the science,
264
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2040
možemo jedino slušati znanost
12:14
and of course,
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1166
i, naravno,
12:15
listen to our children themselves.
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slušati i našu djecu.
12:17
Thank you.
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1154
Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Pearson - Science journalist, editor, authorHelen Pearson's book, "The Life Project," tells the extraordinary story of the longest-running study of human development in the world.
Why you should listen
In March 1946, scientists began tracking almost every British baby born in a single week. What they discovered would change how we are born, grow up, raise children, live and die. Helen Pearson's 2016 book, The Life Project, is the story of this incredible project and the remarkable discoveries that have come from it. It was named best science book of the year by The Observer and was a book of the year for The Economist.
As Chief Magazine Editor for the world’s leading science journal, Nature, Pearson oversees all its journalism and opinion content. Her own stories have won accolades including the 2010 Wistar Institute Science Journalism Award and two best feature awards from the Association of British Science Writers.
Helen Pearson | Speaker | TED.com