TEDGlobal 2009
Alain de Botton: A kinder, gentler philosophy of success
Alain de Botton: Srdačnija, plemenitija filozofija uspjeha
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Alain de Botton propituje našu ideju uspjeha i neuspjeha -- i preispituje pretpostavke u pozadini ove dvije prosudbe. Je li uspjeh uvijek zaslužen? Je li neuspjeh? Podastire nam tečne, domišljate argumente za prevladavanje snobizma i pronalaženje istinskog zadovoljstva u našem vlastitom radu.
Alain de Botton - Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For me they normally happen, these career crises,
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Za mene se one normalno događaju, te karijerne krize,
00:15
often, actually, on a Sunday evening,
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često, u stvari, nedjeljom navečer,
00:17
just as the sun is starting to set,
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upravo kada se sunce krene spuštati
00:19
and the gap between my hopes for myself,
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i kada se jaz između mojih nada
00:22
and the reality of my life, start to diverge so painfully
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i realnosti mog života, krene razilaziti toliko bolno
00:26
that I normally end up weeping into a pillow.
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da normalno završim plačući u jastuk.
00:29
I'm mentioning all this,
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Spominjem sve ovo,
00:31
I'm mentioning all this because I think this is not merely a personal problem.
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spominjem sve ovo jer mislim kako to nije isključivo osobni problem.
00:34
You may think I'm wrong in this,
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Možda mislite kako sam u krivu.
00:36
but I think that we live in an age when our lives are regularly
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Ali ja mislim kako živimo u dobu u kojem su naši životi redovito
00:38
punctuated by career crises,
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obilježeni karijernim krizama,
00:40
by moments when what we thought we knew,
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trenucima u kojima ono što smo mislili da znamo
00:42
about our lives, about our careers,
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o našim životima, o našim karijerama,
00:44
comes into contact with a threatening sort of reality.
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dolazi u dodir s prijetećom vrstom stvarnosti.
00:48
It's perhaps easier now than ever before to make a good living.
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Danas je vjerojatno lakše, više nego ikada, zaraditi za pristojan život.
00:51
It's perhaps harder than ever before
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Vjerojatno je teže nego ikada,
00:54
to stay calm, to be free of career anxiety.
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ostati miran, oslobođen od karijerne tjeskobe.
00:57
I want to look now, if I may,
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Sada želim pogledati, ako smijem,
00:59
at some of the reasons why
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u neke od razloga zbog kojih
01:01
we might be feeling anxiety about our careers.
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osjećamo tjeskobu vezanu uz našu karijeru.
01:04
Why we might be victims of these career crises,
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Zašto smo žrtve tih karijernih kriza,
01:06
as we're weeping softly into our pillows.
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dok jecamo nježno u naš jastuk.
01:10
One of the reasons why we might be suffering
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Jedan od razloga zašto patimo
01:13
is that we are surrounded by snobs.
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jest činjenica kako smo okruženi snobovima.
01:15
In a way, I've got some bad news,
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Sada, na neki način, imam loše vijesti,
01:18
particularly to anybody who's come to Oxford from abroad.
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posebno za one koji su došli u Oxford iz inozemstva.
01:21
There is a real problem with snobbery.
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Postoji stvarni problem sa snobizmom.
01:23
Because sometimes people from outside the U.K.
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Jer ponekad ljudi koji dolaze izvan VB zamišljaju
01:25
imagine that snobbery is a distinctively U.K. phenomenon
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kako je snobizam prepoznatljivi britanski fenomen
01:27
fixated on country houses and titles.
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fiksiran uz kuće na selu i titule.
01:30
The bad news is that's not true.
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Loša vijest je kako to nije istina.
01:32
Snobbery is a global phenomenon.
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Snobizam je globalni problem.
01:34
We are a global organization. This is a global phenomenon.
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Mi smo globalna organizacija. To je globalni fenomen.
01:36
It exists. What is a snob?
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On postoji. Što je snob?
01:38
A snob is anybody who takes a small part of you
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Snob je svatko tko uzima mali dio vas
01:41
and uses that to come to a complete vision of who you are.
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i na temelju toga stvara kompletnu sliku o vama.
01:44
That is snobbery.
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To je snobizam.
01:46
The dominant kind of snobbery
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I dominantna vrsta snobizma
01:48
that exists nowadays is job snobbery.
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koja postoji u današnjem društvu je ona povezana s poslom.
01:50
You encounter it within minutes at a party,
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Na to naiđete već nakon nekoliko minuta na zabavi,
01:52
when you get asked that famous iconic question
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kada vas pitaju to famozno, ikonsko pitanje
01:55
of the early 21st century, "What do you do?"
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ranog 21. stoljeća: "Čime se bavite?"
01:58
And according to how you answer that question,
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I na temelju načina na koji odgovorite na to pitanje,
02:00
people are either incredibly delighted to see you,
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ljudi će biti nevjerojatno sretni što vas vide,
02:02
or look at their watch and make their excuses.
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ili će pogledati na sat i izmisliti ispriku.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:05
Now, the opposite of a snob is your mother.
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Suprotnost snobu je vaša majka.
02:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:10
Not necessarily your mother, or indeed mine,
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Ne nužno vaša majka ili moja.
02:13
but, as it were, the ideal mother,
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Već, idealna majka.
02:15
somebody who doesn't care about your achievements.
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Netko tko ne mari za vaša postignuća.
02:17
But unfortunately, most people are not our mothers.
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Ali na nesreću, većina ljudi nisu poput naših majki.
02:19
Most people make a strict correlation between how much time,
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Većina ljudi odmah strogu računicu između koliko će vremena uložiti
02:22
and if you like, love -- not romantic love,
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i, ako hoćete, ljubavi, ne mislim ovdje na romantičnu ljubav,
02:24
though that may be something --
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premda bi to bilo nešto,
02:26
but love in general, respect,
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već na općenitu ljubav, poštovanje
02:28
they are willing to accord us, that will be strictly defined
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koje su nam ljudi spremni posvetiti, a koje će biti strogo ovisno
02:31
by our position in the social hierarchy.
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naši položajem u društvenoj hijerarhiji.
02:33
And that's a lot of the reason why we care so much about our careers
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I to je više nego valjan razlog zašto nam je toliko stalo do karijere.
02:36
and indeed start caring so much about material goods.
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I zašto nam je toliko stalo do materijalnih dobara.
02:40
You know, we're often told that we live in very materialistic times,
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Znate, često se govori kako živimo u prilično materijalističkom dobu,
02:43
that we're all greedy people.
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da smo svi mi pohlepni ljudi.
02:45
I don't think we are particularly materialistic.
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Ja ne mislim da smo posebni materijalisti.
02:47
I think we live in a society
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Mislim da živimo u društvu
02:49
which has simply pegged certain emotional rewards
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koje je vezalo neke emocionalne nagrade
02:51
to the acquisition of material goods.
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uz pribavljanje materijalnih stvari.
02:54
It's not the material goods we want. It's the rewards we want.
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Nisu materijalna dobra ono što hoćemo nego te emocionalne nagrade.
02:57
And that's a new way of looking at luxury goods.
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I to je novi način gledanja na luksuzne stvari.
02:59
The next time you see somebody driving a Ferrari
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Slijedeći puta kada vidite da netko vozi Ferrari
03:01
don't think, "This is somebody who is greedy."
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nemojte pomisliti: "To je netko tko je pohlepan."
03:03
Think, "This is somebody who is incredibly vulnerable and in need of love."
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Pomislite: "To je netko nevjerojatno ranjiv i potrebit ljubavi."
03:06
In other words -- (Laughter)
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Drugim riječima -- (Smijeh)
03:11
feel sympathy, rather than contempt.
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osjetite simpatiju, umjesto prezira.
03:13
There are other reasons --
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Postoje i drugi razlozi --
03:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:16
there are other reasons why it's perhaps harder now
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Postoje i drugi razlozi zašto je sada vjerojatno teže
03:18
to feel calm than ever before.
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nego ikada osjećati se spokojno.
03:20
One of these, and it's paradoxical because it's linked to something that's rather nice,
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Jedan od tih razloga, a paradoksalno je što je povezan s nečim prilično zgodnim,
03:23
is the hope we all have for our careers.
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jest nada koju svi imamo naspram svojih karijera.
03:26
Never before have expectations been so high
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Nikada prije nisu očekivanja bila toliko visoka
03:28
about what human beings can achieve with their lifespan.
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o tome koliko ljudi mogu postići tijekom svog života.
03:31
We're told, from many sources, that anyone can achieve anything.
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Rečeno nam je, iz mnogo izvora, da svatko od nas može postići sve.
03:34
We've done away with the caste system.
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Riješili smo se sustava društvenih klasa.
03:36
We are now in a system where anyone can rise
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Sada živimo u sustavu gdje se svatko može uzdići
03:38
to any position they please.
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do svake pozicije koju zaželi.
03:40
And it's a beautiful idea.
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I to je prekrasna ideja.
03:42
Along with that is a kind of spirit of equality. We're all basically equal.
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S tim ide i duh jednakosti. Bazično smo svi jednaki.
03:46
There are no strictly defined
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Ne postoje striktno definirane
03:48
kind of hierarchies.
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hijerarhije.
03:50
There is one really big problem with this,
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Postoji jedan prilično veliki problem s time.
03:52
and that problem is envy.
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A taj problem se zove zavist.
03:54
Envy, it's a real taboo to mention envy,
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Zavist, pravi je tabu spomenuti zavist,
03:57
but if there is one dominant emotion in modern society, that is envy.
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ali ako postoji jedan dominantni osjećaj modernog društva onda je to zavist.
04:00
And it's linked to the spirit of equality. Let me explain.
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I ona je povezana s duhom jednakosti. Da vam objasnim.
04:04
I think it would be very unusual for anyone here, or anyone watching,
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Mislim da bi bilo prilično neuobičajno za svakoga ovdje, ili bilo koga tko gleda,
04:07
to be envious of the Queen of England.
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da bude zavidan Engleskoj kraljici.
04:09
Even though she is much richer than any of you are.
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Premda je ona bitno bogatija od svakoga od nas.
04:12
And she's got a very large house.
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I ima jako veliku kuću.
04:15
The reason why we don't envy her is because she's too weird.
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Razlog zašto nismo zavisni jest što je ona prilično čudna.
04:19
She's simply too strange.
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Ona nam je previše strana.
04:21
We can't relate to her. She speaks in a funny way.
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Ne možemo se povezati s njom. Govori na čudan nači.
04:23
She comes from an odd place.
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Dolazi iz neobičnog mjesta.
04:25
So we can't relate to her. And when you can't relate to somebody, you don't envy them.
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Tako da se ne možemo povezati s njom. A kada se ne možemo povezati s nekim, onda ne možemo biti zavisni.
04:29
The closer two people are, in age, in background,
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Što su dvoje ljudi bliži, godinama, podrijetlom,
04:32
in the process of identification, the more there is a danger of envy --
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u procesu identifikacije, postoji veća opasnost za zavišću.
04:35
which is incidentally why none of you should ever go to a school reunion --
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To je razlog više zašto nitko od vas ne bi trebao ići na školska okupljanja.
04:38
because there is no stronger reference point
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Jer ne postoji snažnija referentna točka
04:41
than people one was at school with.
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od ljudi s kojima ste išli u školu.
04:43
But the problem, generally, of modern society, is that it turns the whole world
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Ali problem, općenito, modernog društva jest što cijeli svijet pretvara
04:46
into a school. Everybody is wearing jeans, everybody is the same.
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u školu. Svi nose džins, svi su jednaki.
04:48
And yet, they're not.
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A opet, nisu.
04:50
So there is a spirit of equality, combined with deep inequalities.
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Dakle postoji duh jednakosti, koji je povezan s dubokim nejednakostima.
04:53
Which makes for a very -- can make for a very stressful situation.
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Što stvara prilično -- može stvoriti prilično stresnu situaciju.
04:56
It's probably as unlikely that you would nowadays
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Vjerojatnost da ćete danas
04:58
become as rich and famous as Bill Gates,
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postati bogati i slavni poput Bill Gatesa,
05:00
as it was unlikely in the 17th century
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jednaka je vjerojatnosti da ćete tijekom 17. stoljeća
05:02
that you would accede to the ranks of the French aristocracy.
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postati dijelom francuske aristrokracije.
05:05
But the point is, it doesn't feel that way.
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Poanta je u tome što se tako ne bismo smjeli osjećati.
05:07
It's made to feel, by magazines and other media outlets,
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Taj osjećaj su umjetno stvorili časopisi i drugi mediji,
05:10
that if you've got energy, a few bright ideas about technology,
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koji nam prikazuju da je dovoljno imati energiju, nekoliko dobrih ideja o tehnologiji,
05:13
a garage, you too could start a major thing.
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garažu, i svatko može pokrenuti veliku stvar.
05:17
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:18
And the consequences of this problem make themselves felt in bookshops.
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A posljedice tih problema su vidljive i u knjižarama.
05:21
When you go to a large bookshop and look at the self-help sections,
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Ako odete u veliku knjižaru i pogledate odjeljak s knjigama za samo-pomoć,
05:24
as I sometimes do,
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kao što ja ponekad napravim,
05:26
if you analyze self-help books that are produced
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i analizirate knjige za samo-pomoć koje se pišu
05:28
in the world today, there are basically two kinds.
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u današnjem svijetu, vidjeti ćete u osnovi dvije vrste.
05:30
The first kind tells you, "You can do it! You can make it! Anything is possible!"
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Prva vrsta vam govori: "Vi to možete napraviti! Možete to učiniti! Sve je moguće!"
05:33
And the other kind tells you how to cope
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I druga vrsta koja vam govori o tome kako se nositi
05:36
with what we politely call "low self-esteem,"
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s onime što pristojno zovemo "manjak samopouzdanja",
05:39
or impolitely call "feeling very bad about yourself."
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ili nepristojno zovemo "osjećati se jako loše u vlastitoj koži".
05:41
There is a real correlationship,
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Postoji stvarna korelacija,
05:43
a real correlation between a society that tells people that they can do anything
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stvarna korelacija između društva koje govori ljudima da mogu učiniti sve,
05:47
and the existence of low self-esteem.
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i postojanja niskog samopouzdanja.
05:49
So that's another way in which something that is quite positive
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To je još jedan način kako se nešto što je prilično pozitivno
05:51
can have a nasty kickback.
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može pretvoriti u nešto neugodno.
05:53
There is another reason why we might be feeling more anxious,
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Postoji još jedan razlog zašto se sve više osjećamo zabrinuto
05:56
about our careers, about our status in the world today, than ever before.
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kada je riječ o našim karijerama, o našem statusu u današnjem svijetu.
06:00
And it is, again, linked to something nice,
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I opet je povezan s nečim lijepim.
06:02
and that nice thing is called meritocracy.
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A ta lijepa stvar se zove meritokracija.
06:05
Everybody, all politicians on Left and Right,
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Sada se svi, svi lijevi i desni političari,
06:07
agree that meritocracy is a great thing,
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slažu da je meritokracija sjajna stvar,
06:09
and we should all be trying to make our societies really, really meritocratic.
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i da bi se svi trebali truditi kako da učinimo društvo stvarno meritokratskim.
06:13
In other words, what is a meritocratic society?
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Drugim riječima, što je meritokratsko društvo?
06:17
A meritocratic society is one in which
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Meritokratsko društvo je ono u kojem
06:19
if you've got talent and energy and skill,
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ako imate talent, energiju i vještine
06:21
you will get to the top. Nothing should hold you back.
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popesti ćete se na vrh. Ništa vas u tome neće spriječiti.
06:23
It's a beautiful idea. The problem is
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To je prekrasna ideja. Problem je
06:26
if you really believe in a society
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ako stvarno vjerujete u društvo
06:28
where those who merit to get to the top, get to the top,
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u kojem će oni koji imaju sposobnosti za vrh, uistinu doći tamo,
06:31
you'll also, by implication, and in a far more nasty way,
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isto tako, se implicira na pomalo ružan način
06:34
believe in a society where those who deserve to get to the bottom
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uvjerenje u društvu da će oni koji zasluže biti na dnu
06:37
also get to the bottom and stay there.
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doći i ostati tamo.
06:40
In other words, your position in life comes to seem not accidental,
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Drugim riječima, vaša pozicija u životu nije plod slučajnosti
06:43
but merited and deserved.
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već sposobnosti i zasluga.
06:45
And that makes failure seem much more crushing.
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I to čini neuspjehe još snažnijim.
06:48
You know, in the Middle Ages, in England,
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Znate, u srednjevjekovnoj Engleskoj,
06:50
when you met a very poor person,
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kada biste sreli siromašnu osobu
06:52
that person would be described as an "unfortunate" --
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ta osoba bi se opisala kao "nesretna".
06:55
literally, somebody who had not been blessed by fortune, an unfortunate.
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Doslovno, to bi bio netko tko nije bio blagoslovljen srećom, netko nesretan.
06:59
Nowadays, particularly in the United States,
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Danas, posebno u Sjedinjenim Državama,
07:01
if you meet someone at the bottom of society,
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ako sretnete nekoga s dna društvene ljestvice,
07:03
they may unkindly be described as a "loser."
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oni će biti, neljubazno, opisani kao "gubitnici".
07:06
There is a real difference between an unfortunate and a loser,
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Postoji velika razlika između "nesretnika" i "gubitnika".
07:09
and that shows 400 years of evolution in society
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I to nam ukazuje na 400godišnju evoluciju društva,
07:12
and our belief in who is responsible for our lives.
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i našeg uvjerenja tko je odgovoran za naše živote.
07:15
It's no longer the gods, it's us. We're in the driving seat.
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To nisu više bogovi, to smo mi. Mi se nalazimo na vozačkom sjedalu.
07:18
That's exhilarating if you're doing well,
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To je sjajno ako vam ide dobro,
07:20
and very crushing if you're not.
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ali i razarajuće ako vam ne ide.
07:22
It leads, in the worst cases, in the analysis of a sociologist
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To nas vodi, u najgorim slučajevima, u analizama sociologa
07:25
like Emil Durkheim, it leads to increased rates of suicide.
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poput Emila Durkheima, vodi nas k povećanom broju samoubojstava.
07:29
There are more suicides in developed individualistic countries
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Veća je stopa samoubojstava u razvijenim individualističkim zemljama
07:32
than in any other part of the world.
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nego u bilo kojem drugom dijelu svijeta.
07:34
And some of the reason for that is that people take what happens
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A neki od razloga tome su da ljudi ono što se njima dogodi
07:36
to them extremely personally.
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doživljavaju ekstremno osobno.
07:38
They own their success. But they also own their failure.
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Oni posjeduju vlastiti uspjeh. Ali također posjeduju i neuspjeh.
07:42
Is there any relief from some of these pressures
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Postoji li ikakvo olakšanje za ove pritiscke
07:44
that I've just been outlining?
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koje sam upravo opisao?
07:46
I think there is. I just want to turn to a few of them.
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Mislim da postoji. Osvrnuti ću se na neke od njih.
07:48
Let's take meritocracy.
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Uzmimo meritokraciju.
07:50
This idea that everybody deserves to get where they get to,
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Ta ideja kako je svatko zaslužio doći upravo tamo gdje je došao.
07:53
I think it's a crazy idea, completely crazy.
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Mislim kako je to luda ideja, potpuno luda.
07:56
I will support any politician of Left and Right,
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Ja ću podržati svakog političara bilo lijevog ili desnog,
07:58
with any halfway decent meritocratic idea.
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s čak i poluozbiljnom meritokratskom idejom.
08:00
I am a meritocrat in that sense.
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Ja sam meritokrat i to je to.
08:02
But I think it's insane to believe that we will ever
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Ali mislim kako je suludo vjerovati kako će ikada
08:04
make a society that is genuinely meritocratic. It's an impossible dream.
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potojati društvo koje će biti stvarno meritokratsko. To je nemoguć san.
08:08
The idea that we will make a society
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Ideja da ćemo stvoriti društvo
08:10
where literally everybody is graded,
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gdje će svatko biti ocijenjen i odgovarajuće pozicioniran,
08:12
the good at the top, and the bad at the bottom,
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dobri na vrhu, a loši na dnu,
08:14
and it's exactly done as it should be, is impossible.
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i da će to biti napravljeno baš kako treba, je nemoguća.
08:16
There are simply too many random factors:
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Jednostavno postoji previše nekontroliranih varijabli.
08:18
accidents, accidents of birth,
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Incidenata, incident rođenja,
08:20
accidents of things dropping on people's heads, illnesses, etc.
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incident stvari koje mogu pasti ljudima na glavu, bolesti, itd.
08:23
We will never get to grade them,
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Nikada nećemo uspjeti adekvantno evaluirati sve.
08:25
never get to grade people as they should.
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Nikada nećemo uspjeti ocjeniti ljude kako bi trebali.
08:27
I'm drawn to a lovely quote by St. Augustine in "The City of God,"
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Sviđa mi se dražestan citat Sv. Augustina u "Gradu Boga"
08:30
where he says, "It's a sin to judge any man by his post."
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gdje kaže: "Grijeh je suditi o bilo kojem čovjeku temeljem njegovog položaja."
08:34
In modern English that would mean
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U suvremenom jeziku to bi značilo,
08:36
it's a sin to come to any view of who you should talk to
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grijeh je suditi o važnosti razgovora s bilo kime
08:38
dependent on their business card.
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temeljem njihove posjetnice.
08:40
It's not the post that should count.
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Nije položaj taj koji je ključan.
08:42
According to St. Augustine,
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Prema Sv. Augustinu,
08:44
it's only God who can really put everybody in their place.
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jedino Bog može svakoga točno pozicionirati u društvu.
08:46
And he's going to do that on the Day of Judgment
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I on će to učiniti na Sudnji dan,
08:48
with angels and trumpets, and the skies will open.
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s anđelima i trubama, i nebo će se otvoriti.
08:50
Insane idea, if you're a secularist person, like me.
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Luda ideja, ako ste sekularna osoba, poput mene.
08:53
But something very valuable in that idea, nevertheless.
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Ali nešto je jako vrijedno u toj ideji, kako bilo.
08:55
In other words, hold your horses when you're coming to judge people.
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Drugim riječima, suspregnite se kada trebate suditi o drugim ljudima.
08:59
You don't necessarily know what someone's true value is.
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Ne morate nužno znati gdje se krije nečija vrijednost.
09:02
That is an unknown part of them.
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To je njihov nepoznati dio.
09:04
And we shouldn't behave as though it is known.
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I mi se ne bi smjeli ponašati kao da znamo gdje je.
09:07
There is another source of solace and comfort for all this.
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Postoji još jedan izvor ohrabrenja i utjehe u svemu ovom.
09:10
When we think about failing in life, when we think about failure,
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Kada razmišljamo o životnim promašajima, kada razmišljamo o greškama,
09:13
one of the reasons why we fear failing is not just
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jedan od razloga zašto se bojimo pogriješiti nije samo
09:15
a loss of income, a loss of status.
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gubitak prihoda, gubitak statusa.
09:17
What we fear is the judgment and ridicule of others. And it exists.
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Ono čega se bojimo jest sud i podsmjeh drugih. I taj strah postoji.
09:21
You know, the number one organ of ridicule
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Znate, ključan instrument podsmjeha
09:23
nowadays, is the newspaper.
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danas, jesu novine.
09:25
And if you open the newspaper any day of the week,
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Ako otvorite novine bilo koji dan u tjednu
09:27
it's full of people who've messed up their lives.
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pun je ljudi koji su zabrljali s vlastitim životima.
09:29
They've slept with the wrong person. They've taken the wrong substance.
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Spavali su s krivom osobom. Uzeli su krivu supstancu.
09:32
They've passed the wrong piece of legislation. Whatever it is.
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Donijeli su krivi zakon. Što god bilo.
09:34
And then are fit for ridicule.
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I sada su predmet podsmjeha.
09:37
In other words, they have failed. And they are described as "losers."
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Drugim riječima, doživjeli su neuspjeh. I označeni su kao "gubitnici".
09:40
Now is there any alternative to this?
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Postoji li alternativa tome?
09:42
I think the Western tradition shows us one glorious alternative,
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Mislim da nam Zapadna tradicija daje sjajnu alternativu.
09:44
and that is tragedy.
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I to je tragedija.
09:47
Tragic art, as it developed in the theaters of ancient Greece,
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Tragična umjetnost, onako kako se razvila u kazalištima antičke Grčke,
09:50
in the fifth century B.C., was essentially an art form
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u 5 st. p. k., bila je u svojem korjenu umjetnički oblik
09:52
devoted to tracing how people fail,
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koji je bio posvećen otkrivanju načina na koji su ljudi pogriješili.
09:55
and also according them a level of sympathy,
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I u skladu s time bila je prisutna određena razina simpatije.
09:59
which ordinary life would not necessarily accord them.
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Što nije u skladu s običnim životom.
10:03
I remember a few years ago, I was thinking about all this,
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Sjećam se prije nekoliko godina, dok sam razmišljao o ovome.
10:04
and I went to see "The Sunday Sport,"
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Otišao sam pogledati "Nedjeljni sport",
10:06
a tabloid newspaper that I don't recommend you to start reading
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tabloid koji vam nikako ne preporučujem za čitanje,
10:09
if you're not familiar with it already.
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ako već niste s njime upoznati.
10:11
I went to talk to them
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I otišao sam razgovarati s njima
10:13
about certain of the great tragedies of Western art.
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o nekim velikim tragedijama Zapadne umjetnosti.
10:16
I wanted to see how they would seize the bare bones
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Želio sam vidjeti kako će se nosititi s osnovom
10:18
of certain stories if they came in as a news item
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neke od priča kada bi im se pojavila kao vijest
10:21
at the news desk on a Saturday afternoon.
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u subotu popodne.
10:24
So I told them about Othello. They had not heard of it but were fascinated by it.
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Tako sam im ispričao o Otelu. Oni nisu prije čuli za priču, ali su bili njome fascinirani.
10:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:27
And I asked them to write the headline for the story of Othello.
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Pitao sam ih koji bi naslov stavili Otelu?
10:30
They came up with "Love-Crazed Immigrant Kills Senator's Daughter"
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Došli su do: "Ljubavlju zaluđeni sin imigranta ubio je Sentorovu kći"
10:33
splashed across the headline.
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naslova preko cijele naslovnice.
10:35
I gave them the plotline of Madame Bovary.
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Ispričao sam im i sažetak priče o "Madame Bovary".
10:37
Again, a book they were enchanted to discover.
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Opet, knjiga koju su otkrili s oduševljenjem.
10:39
And they wrote "Shopaholic Adulteress Swallows Arsenic After Credit Fraud."
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I njoj su dali naslov. "Preljubnica ovisnica o kupovini progutala arsen zbog kreditne prijevare".
10:44
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:45
And then my favorite.
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I na kraju moj favorit.
10:47
They really do have a kind of genius all of their own, these guys.
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Oni su na neki svoj način genijalni, ti dečki.
10:49
My favorite is Sophocles' Oedipus the King:
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Moj favorit je Sofoklov "Kralj Edip"
10:51
"Sex With Mum Was Blinding"
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"Seks s mamom je bio zasljepljujući".
10:54
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:57
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:59
In a way, if you like, at one end of the spectrum of sympathy,
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Na neki način, ako želite na jednom kraju spektra simpatija,
11:02
you've got the tabloid newspaper.
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nalaze se tabloidi.
11:04
At the other end of the spectrum you've got tragedy and tragic art,
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na drugom kraju spektra imate tragediju i tragičnu umjetnost.
11:07
and I suppose I'm arguing that we should learn a little bit
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Moja argumentacija je da bismo malo trebali naučiti
11:09
about what's happening in tragic art.
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što se događa u tragičnoj umjetnosti.
11:11
It would be insane to call Hamlet a loser.
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Bilo bi suludo nazvati Hamleta gubitnikom.
11:14
He is not a loser, though he has lost.
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On nije gubitnik, premda je izgubio.
11:17
And I think that is the message of tragedy to us,
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Mislim da je to poruka tragedije za nas,
11:19
and why it's so very, very important, I think.
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i zašto je to toliko važno.
11:22
The other thing about modern society
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Druga stvar vezana uz moderno društvo,
11:24
and why it causes this anxiety
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i zašto uzrokuje toliko nesigurnosti,
11:26
is that we have nothing at its center that is non-human.
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jest da u svojoj srži nema ništa nehumano.
11:29
We are the first society to be living in a world
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Mi smo prvo društvo koje živi na ovom Planetu
11:31
where we don't worship anything other than ourselves.
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a koje ne obožava ikoga osim sebe.
11:34
We think very highly of ourselves, and so we should.
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Imamo jako visoko mišljenje o sebi. I trebali bismo ga imati.
11:36
We've put people on the moon. We've done all sorts of extraordinary things.
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Mi smo doveli ljude na Mjesec. Napravili smo puno nevjerojatnih stvari.
11:39
And so we tend to worship ourselves.
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I zato imamo tendenciju obožavati sami sebe.
11:41
Our heroes are human heroes.
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Naši heroji su ljudski heroji.
11:43
That's a very new situation.
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To je nova situacija.
11:45
Most other societies have had, right at their center,
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Većina drugih društava je imala u svom centru
11:47
the worship of something transcendent: a god,
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obožavanje naspram nečega transcendentnog. Boga,
11:49
a spirit, a natural force, the universe,
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duha, prirodnu silu, svemir.
11:51
whatever it is, something else that is being worshiped.
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Što god to bilo, nešto se drugo obožavalo.
11:54
We've slightly lost the habit of doing that,
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Mi smo pomalo izgubili tu naviku.
11:56
which is, I think, why we're particularly drawn to nature.
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Što je razlog, po mom mišljenju, zašto smo toliko privučeni prirodom.
11:58
Not for the sake of our health, though it's often presented that way,
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Ne zbog našeg zdravlja, premda se to tako često predstavlja.
12:01
but because it's an escape from the human anthill.
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Već zato jer nam služi kao bijeg od ljudskog mravinjaka.
12:05
It's an escape from our own competition,
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To je bijeg od naše vlastite konkurencije,
12:07
and our own dramas.
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i od naših drama.
12:09
And that's why we enjoy looking at glaciers and oceans,
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To je razlog zašto toliko uživamo gledajući glečere i oceane,
12:11
and contemplating the Earth from outside its perimeters, etc.
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promatrajući Zemlju izvan njenog opsega, itd.
12:15
We like to feel in contact with something that is non-human,
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Sviđa nam se povezanost s nečim što nije ljudsko.
12:19
and that is so deeply important to us.
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A toliko je važno za nas.
12:23
What I think I've been talking about really is success and failure.
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Ono o čemu sam stvarno pričao jest uspjeh i neuspjeh.
12:26
And one of the interesting things about success
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I jedna od zanimljivih stvari povezanih s uspjehom
12:29
is that we think we know what it means.
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jest kako mislimo da znamo što to točno znači.
12:31
If I said to you that there is somebody behind the screen
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Ako bih vam rekao da je netko iza ekrana
12:33
who is very very successful, certain ideas would immediately come to mind.
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tko je jako, jako uspješan, dobili biste odmah neke ideje u svojim glavama.
12:36
You would think that person might have made a lot of money,
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Pomislili biste kako je ta osoba zaradila puno novca,
12:38
achieved renown in some field.
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postala poznata u nekom polju djelovanja.
12:41
My own theory of success -- and I'm somebody
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Moja osobna teorija uspjeha, a ja sam netko
12:43
who is very interested in success. I really want to be successful.
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tko je jako zainteresiran za uspjeh. Ja stvarno želim biti uspješan.
12:46
I'm always thinking, "How could I be more successful?"
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Stalno razmišljam: "Kako mogu biti uspješniji?"
12:48
But as I get older, I'm also very nuanced
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Ali dok starim, postajem također jako istančan
12:50
about what that word "success" might mean.
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o tome što bi mogao značiti "uspjeh".
12:52
Here's an insight that I've had about success.
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Ovo je moj pogled na "uspjeh".
12:54
You can't be successful at everything.
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Ne možete biti uspješni u svemu.
12:57
We hear a lot of talk about work-life balance.
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Čujemo puno toga o ravnoteži između posla i života.
12:59
Nonsense. You can't have it all. You can't.
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Glupost. Ne možete imati sve. Ne možete.
13:02
So any vision of success
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Dakle svaka vizija uspjeha
13:04
has to admit what it's losing out on,
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mora priznati što se time (uspjehom) gubi
13:06
where the element of loss is.
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koji je element gubitka.
13:08
I think any wise life will accept,
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I svatko tko pametno živi će prihvatiti
13:11
as I say, that there is going to be an element where we are not succeeding.
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kada kažem da će uvijek postojati elementi života u kojima nismo uspjeli.
13:14
Thing about a successful life
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Stvar vezana uz uspješan život,
13:16
is, a lot of the time, our ideas
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jest što često naše ideje,
13:18
of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own.
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ono što bi prividno značilo da živimo uspješno, nisi naše vlastite.
13:21
They are sucked in from other people:
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One su nam nametnute od drugih ljudi.
13:23
chiefly, if you're a man, your father,
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Uglavnom, ako ste muškarac, od Vašeg oca.
13:25
and if you're a woman, your mother.
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A ako ste žena, od Vaše majke.
13:27
Psychoanalysis has been drumming home this message for about 80 years.
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Psihoanalitičari trube o tome već 80ak godina.
13:30
No one is quite listening hard enough, but I very much believe that that's true.
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I nitko ih dovoljno pažljivo ne sluša. Ali ja vjerujem kako je to istina.
13:33
And we also suck in messages
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I mi smo također prihvatili tu poruku
13:35
from everything from the television, to advertising,
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od svega poput televizije do promocije,
13:37
to marketing, etc.
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i marketinga i tako dalje.
13:39
These are hugely powerful forces
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To su enormno snažne sile
13:41
that define what we want and how we view ourselves.
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koje definiraju ono što želimo i način na koji se vidimo.
13:45
When we're told that banking is a very respectable profession
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Kada nam se kaže kako je bankarstvo vrlo respektabilna profesija
13:48
a lot of us want to go into banking.
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jako puno nas se želi baš time baviti.
13:50
When banking is no longer so respectable, we lose interest in banking.
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Kada nam se bankarstvo prikaže kao ne tako respektabilno, gubimo interes za njime.
13:53
We are highly open to suggestion.
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Jako smo otvoreni na sugestije.
13:56
So what I want to argue for is not that we should give up
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Dakle ono što ja zastupam nije da trebamo odustati
13:59
on our ideas of success,
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od svojih ideja uspjeha.
14:01
but we should make sure that they are our own.
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Ali bismo trebali biti sigurni kako su to naše vlastite ideje.
14:03
We should focus in on our ideas
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Trebali bismo se fokusirati na naše ideje.
14:05
and make sure that we own them,
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I biti sigurni kako ih posjedujemo,
14:08
that we are truly the authors of our own ambitions.
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kako smo mi uistinu autori naših ambicija.
14:10
Because it's bad enough, not getting what you want,
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Jer je dovoljno loše ne dobiti ono što želite.
14:12
but it's even worse to have an idea
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Ali je još gore imati ideju
14:15
of what it is you want and find out at the end of a journey,
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o tome što želite i onda otkriti na kraju životnog puta
14:18
that it isn't, in fact, what you wanted all along.
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kako to nije bilo ono što ste uistinu željeli.
14:21
So I'm going to end it there.
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S ovim ću završiti.
14:23
But what I really want to stress is
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Ono što želim istaknuti
14:26
by all means, success, yes.
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svim sredstvima, jest uspjeh: da.
14:28
But let's accept the strangeness of some of our ideas.
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Ali želim da prihvatimo bizarnost nekih naših ideja.
14:30
Let's probe away at our notions of success.
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Ispitajmo vlastito shvaćanje uspjeha.
14:33
Let's make sure our ideas of success are truly our own.
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Budimo sigurni kako su ideje o uspjehu uistinu naše.
14:37
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
14:39
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
14:55
Chris Anderson: That was fascinating. How do you reconcile
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Chris Anderson: Ovo je bilo fascinantno. Kako ste povezali
14:57
this idea of someone being --
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tu ideju o nekome tko je ---
15:02
it being bad to think of someone as a loser
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da je loše o nekom misliti da je gubitnik,
15:05
with the idea, that a lot of people like, of seizing control of your life.
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s idejom koju voli veliki broj ljudi o uzimanju kontrole nad svojim životom.
15:09
And that a society that encourages that
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I da društvo koje to potiče
15:12
perhaps has to have some winners and losers.
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možda mora imati pobjednike i gubitnike.
15:15
Alain de Botton: Yes. I think it's merely the randomness
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Alain de Botton: Da. Mislim da je slučajnost
15:18
of the winning and losing process that I wanted to stress.
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procesa dobivanja i gubljenja ono što želim istaknuti.
15:20
Because the emphasis nowadays is so much
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Danas je snažan naglasak
15:22
on the justice of everything,
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na pravednosti svega.
15:24
and politicians always talk about justice.
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Političari stalno govore o pravednosti.
15:26
Now I am a firm believer in justice, I just think that it is impossible.
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Ja čvrsto vjerujem u pravednost. Samo što mislim da je to nemoguće.
15:29
So we should do everything we can,
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Zato bismo trebali napraviti sve što možemo,
15:31
we should do everything we can to pursue it.
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sve što možemo ne bismo li to slijedili.
15:33
But at the end of the day we should always remember
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Ali na kraju dana bismo se uvijek trebali sjetiti
15:35
that whoever is facing us, whatever has happened in their lives,
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s kime god da smo suočeni, što god da se dogodilo u njihovim životima,
15:38
there will be a strong element of the haphazard.
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uvijek će postojati snažan element slučajnosti.
15:41
And it's that that I'm trying to leave room for.
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I to je ono što ja pokušavam istaknuti i ostaviti prostor za.
15:43
Because otherwise it can get quite claustrophobic.
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U suprotnom može postati prilično klaustrofobično.
15:45
CA: I mean, do you believe that you can combine
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Chris Anderson: Vjerujete li da možete povezati
15:47
your kind of kinder, gentler philosophy of work
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svoju ideju o ljubaznijoj, nježnijoj filozofiji rada
15:49
with a successful economy?
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s uspješnom ekonomijom?
15:53
Or do you think that you can't?
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Ili mislite da ne možete?
15:55
But it doesn't matter that much that we're putting too much emphasis on that?
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Je li uistinu važno koliko važnosti svemu tome pridajemo?
15:57
AB: The nightmare thought
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Alain de Botton: Stravična je ideja
16:00
is that frightening people is the best way to get work out of them,
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kako je najbolji način da ljudi obave posao tako da ih zastrašujemo.
16:04
and that somehow the crueler the environment
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I da što je nemilosrdnije okruženje
16:07
the more people will rise to the challenge.
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više će ljudi biti doraslo tom izazovu.
16:09
You want to think, who would you like as your ideal dad?
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Razmislite o tome tko bi bio vaš idealni otac?
16:13
And your ideal dad is somebody who is tough but gentle.
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Vaš idealni otac bi bio netko tko je čvrst, ali blag.
16:16
And it's a very hard line to make.
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I to je jako tanka linija.
16:18
We need fathers, as it were, the exemplary father figures in society,
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Trebamo očeve, kao što su bili, primjerene očinske figure u društvu
16:22
avoiding the two extremes,
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izbjegavajući dva ekstrema.
16:24
which is the authoritarian, disciplinarian, on the one hand,
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Autoritativan, strogi odgajatelj, s jedne strane.
16:28
and on the other, the lax, no rules option.
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A s druge, opušten, nesklon pravilima.
16:32
CA: Alain de Botton.
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Chris Anderson: Alain de Botton.
16:34
AB: Thank you very much.
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Alain de Botton: Puno vam hvala.
16:36
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alain de Botton - PhilosopherThrough his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday.
Why you should listen
It started in 1997, when Alain de Botton turned away from writing novels and instead wrote a touching extended essay titled How Proust Can Change Your Life, which became an unlikely blockbuster in the "self-help"category. His subsequent books take on some of the fundamental worries of modern life (am I happy? where exactly do I stand?), informed by his deep reading in philosophy and by a novelist's eye for small, perfect moments. His newest book is The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work.
In 2008, de Botton helped start the School of Life in London, a social enterprise determined to make learning and therapy relevant in today's uptight culture. His goal is (through any of his mediums) to help clients learn "how to live wisely and well."
Alain de Botton | Speaker | TED.com