TEDGlobal 2009
Alain de Botton: A kinder, gentler philosophy of success
Alain de Botton: Prijaznejša, nežnejša filozofija uspeha
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Alain de Botton raziskuje naše predstave o uspehu in neuspehu. Sprašuje se o predpostavkah, na katerih temeljita ti dve sodbi. Je uspeh vedno zaslužen? Z jasnim in duhovitim argumentiranjem se dvigne nad snobovstvo, da bi našel resnično zadovoljstvo v delu.
Alain de Botton - Philosopher
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Through his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For me they normally happen, these career crises,
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Meni se karierne krize običajno dogajajo,
00:15
often, actually, on a Sunday evening,
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v bistvu pogosto, v nedeljo zvečer,
00:17
just as the sun is starting to set,
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ravno ko začne sonce zahajati
00:19
and the gap between my hopes for myself,
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in se vrzel med mojimi upanji
00:22
and the reality of my life, start to diverge so painfully
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ter dejanskim življenjem poveča do te mere,
00:26
that I normally end up weeping into a pillow.
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da ponavadi končam smrkajoč v blazino.
00:29
I'm mentioning all this,
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Vse to razlagam,
00:31
I'm mentioning all this because I think this is not merely a personal problem.
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ker mislim, da to ni le osebni problem.
00:34
You may think I'm wrong in this,
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Morda mislite, da se motim.
00:36
but I think that we live in an age when our lives are regularly
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A mislim, da živimo v času, ko so naša življenja
00:38
punctuated by career crises,
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pogosto poudarjena s kariernimi krizami,
00:40
by moments when what we thought we knew,
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s trenutki, ko pride vse, kar smo mislili,
00:42
about our lives, about our careers,
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da vemo o svojih življenjih, o svojih karierah,
00:44
comes into contact with a threatening sort of reality.
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v stik z realnostjo grozeče vrste.
00:48
It's perhaps easier now than ever before to make a good living.
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Mogoče je danes lažje kot kadarkoli prej dobro zaslužiti.
00:51
It's perhaps harder than ever before
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Mogoče pa je težje kot kadarkoli prej
00:54
to stay calm, to be free of career anxiety.
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ostati miren, brez bojazni za kariero.
00:57
I want to look now, if I may,
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Če dovolite, bi predstavil nekaj razlogov,
00:59
at some of the reasons why
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zaradi katerih se mogoče
01:01
we might be feeling anxiety about our careers.
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počutimo tesnobno ob misli na svoje kariere.
01:04
Why we might be victims of these career crises,
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Zaradi katerih smo mogoče žrtve kariernih kriz,
01:06
as we're weeping softly into our pillows.
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ko tiho smrkamo v naše blazine.
01:10
One of the reasons why we might be suffering
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Eden od razlogov za naše trpljenje je,
01:13
is that we are surrounded by snobs.
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da smo obkroženi s snobi.
01:15
In a way, I've got some bad news,
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Imam nekaj slabih novic,
01:18
particularly to anybody who's come to Oxford from abroad.
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posebej za tiste, ki so v Oxford prišli iz tujine.
01:21
There is a real problem with snobbery.
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Snobovstvo je resničen problem.
01:23
Because sometimes people from outside the U.K.
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Ljudje, ki niso iz Velike Britanije, si včasih predstavljajo,
01:25
imagine that snobbery is a distinctively U.K. phenomenon
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da je snobovstvo značilno za Britance,
01:27
fixated on country houses and titles.
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obsedene s podeželskimi hišicami in nazivi.
01:30
The bad news is that's not true.
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Slaba novica je, da to ni res.
01:32
Snobbery is a global phenomenon.
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Snobovstvo je globalni pojav.
01:34
We are a global organization. This is a global phenomenon.
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Vsi smo globalna organizacija. To je globalni pojav.
01:36
It exists. What is a snob?
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Obstaja. Kdo je torej snob?
01:38
A snob is anybody who takes a small part of you
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Snob je vsak, ki vzame delček vas
01:41
and uses that to come to a complete vision of who you are.
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in ga uporabi za celotno vizijo tega, kdo ste.
01:44
That is snobbery.
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To je snobovstvo.
01:46
The dominant kind of snobbery
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Danes prevladuje
01:48
that exists nowadays is job snobbery.
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snobovstvo na podlagi zaposlitve.
01:50
You encounter it within minutes at a party,
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Na zabavah prepoznate snoba v trenutku,
01:52
when you get asked that famous iconic question
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ko vam postavi znamenito vprašanje
01:55
of the early 21st century, "What do you do?"
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zgodnjega 21. stoletja: "Kaj pa delate?"
01:58
And according to how you answer that question,
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In glede na vaš odgovor so ljudje
02:00
people are either incredibly delighted to see you,
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ali izjemno veseli, da vas vidijo,
02:02
or look at their watch and make their excuses.
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ali pa pogledajo na uro in najdejo izgovor.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:05
Now, the opposite of a snob is your mother.
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Čisto nasprotje snoba je vaša mama.
02:08
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:10
Not necessarily your mother, or indeed mine,
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Ne nujno vaša mama ali moja.
02:13
but, as it were, the ideal mother,
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Ampak idealna mama, če ta obstaja.
02:15
somebody who doesn't care about your achievements.
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Nekdo, ki ga ne zanimajo vaši dosežki.
02:17
But unfortunately, most people are not our mothers.
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Na žalost večina ljudi ni naša mama.
02:19
Most people make a strict correlation between how much time,
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Večina ljudi se odloči, koliko časa
02:22
and if you like, love -- not romantic love,
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in ljubezni, ne romantične ljubezni,
02:24
though that may be something --
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čeprav bi to lahko bilo nekaj,
02:26
but love in general, respect,
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ampak ljubezni na splošno, spoštovanja,
02:28
they are willing to accord us, that will be strictly defined
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so nam pripravljeni dati v skladu
02:31
by our position in the social hierarchy.
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z našim položajem v družbeni hierarhiji.
02:33
And that's a lot of the reason why we care so much about our careers
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Zato se toliko ukvarjamo s karierami.
02:36
and indeed start caring so much about material goods.
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Zato se toliko ukvarjamo z materialnimi dobrinami.
02:40
You know, we're often told that we live in very materialistic times,
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Dostikrat slišimo, da živimo v zelo materialističnih časih,
02:43
that we're all greedy people.
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da smo vsi pohlepni ljudje.
02:45
I don't think we are particularly materialistic.
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Mislim, da nismo posebno materialistični.
02:47
I think we live in a society
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Mislim, da živimo v družbi,
02:49
which has simply pegged certain emotional rewards
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ki je preprosto povezala določene čustvene nagrade
02:51
to the acquisition of material goods.
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s pridobivanjem materialnih dobrin.
02:54
It's not the material goods we want. It's the rewards we want.
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Nočemo materialnih dobrin. Hočemo nagrade.
02:57
And that's a new way of looking at luxury goods.
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To je nov način gledanja na luksuzne dobrine.
02:59
The next time you see somebody driving a Ferrari
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Naslednjič, ko vidite nekoga v Ferariju,
03:01
don't think, "This is somebody who is greedy."
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ne pomislite: "Ta je pa pohlepen."
03:03
Think, "This is somebody who is incredibly vulnerable and in need of love."
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Pomislite: "Ta človek je izjemno ranljiv in potrebuje ljubezen."
03:06
In other words -- (Laughter)
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Z drugimi besedami ... (smeh)
03:11
feel sympathy, rather than contempt.
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Namesto prezira občutite sočustvovanje.
03:13
There are other reasons --
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So še drugi razlogi ...
03:15
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
03:16
there are other reasons why it's perhaps harder now
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So še drugi razlogi, da se morda danes težje
03:18
to feel calm than ever before.
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kot kdajkoli prej počutimo mirne.
03:20
One of these, and it's paradoxical because it's linked to something that's rather nice,
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Eden od njih - presenetljivo povezan z nečim prijetnim -
03:23
is the hope we all have for our careers.
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je upanje, ki ga vsi gojimo za svoje kariere.
03:26
Never before have expectations been so high
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Nikoli prej niso bila pričakovanja o tem,
03:28
about what human beings can achieve with their lifespan.
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kaj lahko človek doseže v svojem življenju, tako visoka.
03:31
We're told, from many sources, that anyone can achieve anything.
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Iz različnih virov slišimo, da vsakdo lahko doseže karkoli.
03:34
We've done away with the caste system.
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Odpravili smo kastni sistem.
03:36
We are now in a system where anyone can rise
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Živimo v sistemu, kjer lahko vsakdo doseže
03:38
to any position they please.
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položaj, ki si ga želi.
03:40
And it's a beautiful idea.
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To je lepa ideja.
03:42
Along with that is a kind of spirit of equality. We're all basically equal.
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Vsebuje nekakšen duh enakosti. Vsi smo v bistvu enaki.
03:46
There are no strictly defined
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Ni nobenih strogo določenih
03:48
kind of hierarchies.
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vrst hierarhij.
03:50
There is one really big problem with this,
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Samo en problem je pri tem.
03:52
and that problem is envy.
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Ta problem je zavist.
03:54
Envy, it's a real taboo to mention envy,
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Zavist. Pravi tabu je govoriti o zavisti,
03:57
but if there is one dominant emotion in modern society, that is envy.
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ampak v moderni družbi je zavist prevladujoče čustvo.
04:00
And it's linked to the spirit of equality. Let me explain.
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Povezana je z duhom enakosti. Naj razložim.
04:04
I think it would be very unusual for anyone here, or anyone watching,
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Mislim, da bi bilo zelo nenavadno, če bi kdorkoli
04:07
to be envious of the Queen of England.
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zavidal Angleški kraljici.
04:09
Even though she is much richer than any of you are.
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Čeprav je dosti bogatejša od vseh nas.
04:12
And she's got a very large house.
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Ima zelo veliko hišo.
04:15
The reason why we don't envy her is because she's too weird.
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Ne zavidamo ji, ker je preveč čudaška.
04:19
She's simply too strange.
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Preprosto preveč čudna je.
04:21
We can't relate to her. She speaks in a funny way.
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Ne občutimo povezave z njo. Smešno govori.
04:23
She comes from an odd place.
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Prihaja iz nenavadnega kraja.
04:25
So we can't relate to her. And when you can't relate to somebody, you don't envy them.
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Ne občutimo povezave z njo. Če ne občutiš povezave z nekom, mu ne zavidaš.
04:29
The closer two people are, in age, in background,
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Bližje sta si dva človeka po starosti in preteklosti,
04:32
in the process of identification, the more there is a danger of envy --
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večja je nevarnost zavidanja pri procesu identifikacije.
04:35
which is incidentally why none of you should ever go to a school reunion --
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Zato ne hodite na obletnico mature.
04:38
because there is no stronger reference point
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Kajti ni močnejše povezave, kot je tista z ljudmi,
04:41
than people one was at school with.
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s katerimi smo hodili v šolo.
04:43
But the problem, generally, of modern society, is that it turns the whole world
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Problem moderne družbe je, da spreminja cel svet v šolo.
04:46
into a school. Everybody is wearing jeans, everybody is the same.
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Vsi nosijo kavbojke, vsi so enaki.
04:48
And yet, they're not.
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Ampak niso.
04:50
So there is a spirit of equality, combined with deep inequalities.
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Tu je torej duh enakosti, združen z globokimi neenakostmi.
04:53
Which makes for a very -- can make for a very stressful situation.
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Kar je lahko zelo stresna situacija.
04:56
It's probably as unlikely that you would nowadays
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Verjetno je danes malo verjetno,
04:58
become as rich and famous as Bill Gates,
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da bi postali bogati in slavni kot Bill Gates,
05:00
as it was unlikely in the 17th century
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kot je bilo v 17. stoletju malo verjetno,
05:02
that you would accede to the ranks of the French aristocracy.
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da bi napredovali na položaje francoske aristokracije.
05:05
But the point is, it doesn't feel that way.
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Ampak bistvo je, da nimamo tega občutka.
05:07
It's made to feel, by magazines and other media outlets,
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Zaradi revij in drugih medijev se počutimo,
05:10
that if you've got energy, a few bright ideas about technology,
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da bi lahko začeli velik posel, če bi imeli voljo,
05:13
a garage, you too could start a major thing.
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nekaj pametnih idej o tehnologiji in garažo.
05:17
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:18
And the consequences of this problem make themselves felt in bookshops.
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Posledice tega problema začutite v knjigarnah.
05:21
When you go to a large bookshop and look at the self-help sections,
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Ko v veliki knjigarni zavijete na oddelek za samopomoč,
05:24
as I sometimes do,
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kot jaz včasih naredim,
05:26
if you analyze self-help books that are produced
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in preučite knjige za samopomoč, ki so na voljo,
05:28
in the world today, there are basically two kinds.
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najdete v bistvu dve vrsti.
05:30
The first kind tells you, "You can do it! You can make it! Anything is possible!"
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Prva vam govori: "To lahko naredite! Vse je mogoče!"
05:33
And the other kind tells you how to cope
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Druga vrsta vam govori, kako se soočati
05:36
with what we politely call "low self-esteem,"
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s prijazno poimenovano "nizko samozavestjo" ali
05:39
or impolitely call "feeling very bad about yourself."
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neprijazno rečeno "zelo slabim mnenjem o sebi".
05:41
There is a real correlationship,
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Obstaja dejanska povezava
05:43
a real correlation between a society that tells people that they can do anything
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med družbo, ki sporoča ljudem, da lahko dosežejo vse,
05:47
and the existence of low self-esteem.
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in obstojem nizke samozavesti.
05:49
So that's another way in which something that is quite positive
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To je še en način, kako nekaj precej pozitivnega
05:51
can have a nasty kickback.
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grdo udari nazaj.
05:53
There is another reason why we might be feeling more anxious,
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Še en razlog je, da morda danes bolj kot kdajkoli prej
05:56
about our careers, about our status in the world today, than ever before.
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občutimo tesnobo zaradi svojih karier in položaja v svetu.
06:00
And it is, again, linked to something nice,
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Tudi ta je povezan z nečim prijetnim.
06:02
and that nice thing is called meritocracy.
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Ta prijetna stvar je meritokracija.
06:05
Everybody, all politicians on Left and Right,
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Danes se vsi, vsi politiki na levi in desni,
06:07
agree that meritocracy is a great thing,
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strinjajo, da je meritokracija krasna stvar.
06:09
and we should all be trying to make our societies really, really meritocratic.
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Vsi bi se morali truditi, da bi bile naše družbe meritokratske.
06:13
In other words, what is a meritocratic society?
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Kaj je torej meritokratska družba?
06:17
A meritocratic society is one in which
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To je družba, v kateri boš prišel do vrha,
06:19
if you've got talent and energy and skill,
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če imaš talent, voljo in veščine.
06:21
you will get to the top. Nothing should hold you back.
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Nič te ne bi smelo ustaviti.
06:23
It's a beautiful idea. The problem is
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To je lepa ideja.
06:26
if you really believe in a society
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A če verjameš v družbo,
06:28
where those who merit to get to the top, get to the top,
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kjer tisti, ki si zaslužijo priti do vrha, pridejo do vrha,
06:31
you'll also, by implication, and in a far more nasty way,
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boš posledično, na dosti grši način,
06:34
believe in a society where those who deserve to get to the bottom
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verjel v družbo, kjer tisti, ki si zaslužijo priti na dno,
06:37
also get to the bottom and stay there.
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tudi pridejo na dno in tam ostanejo.
06:40
In other words, your position in life comes to seem not accidental,
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Tvoj položaj v življenju se ne zdi več naključen,
06:43
but merited and deserved.
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ampak zaslužen.
06:45
And that makes failure seem much more crushing.
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To naredi neuspeh dosti bolj uničujoč.
06:48
You know, in the Middle Ages, in England,
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Če bi v srednjeveški Angliji
06:50
when you met a very poor person,
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srečal zelo revnega človeka,
06:52
that person would be described as an "unfortunate" --
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bi ga opisal kot "nekoga, ki nima sreče".
06:55
literally, somebody who had not been blessed by fortune, an unfortunate.
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Dobesedno nekdo, ki ni bil blagoslovljen s srečo, nesrečnež.
06:59
Nowadays, particularly in the United States,
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Če danes, predvsem v ZDA,
07:01
if you meet someone at the bottom of society,
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srečaš nekoga z dna družbe,
07:03
they may unkindly be described as a "loser."
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je ta neprijazno označen kot "zguba".
07:06
There is a real difference between an unfortunate and a loser,
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Razlika med nesrečnežem in zgubo je velika.
07:09
and that shows 400 years of evolution in society
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Kaže na 400 let evolucije v družbi
07:12
and our belief in who is responsible for our lives.
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in našega prepričanja o tem, kdo je odgovoren za naša življenja.
07:15
It's no longer the gods, it's us. We're in the driving seat.
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Niso več bogovi, mi smo. Mi smo za volanom.
07:18
That's exhilarating if you're doing well,
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To je zelo razveseljivo, če vam gre dobro,
07:20
and very crushing if you're not.
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in zelo uničujoče, če vam ne gre.
07:22
It leads, in the worst cases, in the analysis of a sociologist
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V najslabših primerih vodi, po analizah sociologov,
07:25
like Emil Durkheim, it leads to increased rates of suicide.
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kot je na primer Emil Durkheim, v povišano število samomorov.
07:29
There are more suicides in developed individualistic countries
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V razvitih individualističnih državah je več samomorov
07:32
than in any other part of the world.
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kot kjerkoli drugje po svetu.
07:34
And some of the reason for that is that people take what happens
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Eden od razlogov je tudi to, da ljudje jemljejo stvari,
07:36
to them extremely personally.
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ki se jim zgodijo, skrajno osebno.
07:38
They own their success. But they also own their failure.
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Posedujejo svoj uspeh. Vendar posedujejo tudi svoj neuspeh.
07:42
Is there any relief from some of these pressures
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Lahko kaj olajša te pritiske,
07:44
that I've just been outlining?
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o katerih govorim?
07:46
I think there is. I just want to turn to a few of them.
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Mislim, da lahko. Poglejmo nekaj primerov.
07:48
Let's take meritocracy.
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Vzemimo meritokracijo.
07:50
This idea that everybody deserves to get where they get to,
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Zamisel, da si vsakdo zasluži biti, kjer je.
07:53
I think it's a crazy idea, completely crazy.
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Mislim, da je to nora ideja, popolnoma nora.
07:56
I will support any politician of Left and Right,
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Podprl bom kateregakoli politika, levega ali desnega,
07:58
with any halfway decent meritocratic idea.
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s katerokoli napol dostojno idejo meritokracije.
08:00
I am a meritocrat in that sense.
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V tem smislu sem meritokrat.
08:02
But I think it's insane to believe that we will ever
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Ampak mislim, da je noro verjeti, da bomo kdaj
08:04
make a society that is genuinely meritocratic. It's an impossible dream.
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dejansko zgradili meritokratsko družbo. To so nemogoče sanje.
08:08
The idea that we will make a society
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Zamisel, da bomo kdaj ustvarili družbo,
08:10
where literally everybody is graded,
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kjer je dobesedno vsak ocenjen,
08:12
the good at the top, and the bad at the bottom,
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dobri na vrhu in slabi na dnu,
08:14
and it's exactly done as it should be, is impossible.
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in to točno tako, kot si zaslužijo, je nemogoča.
08:16
There are simply too many random factors:
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Preprosto preveč naključnih dejavnikov je.
08:18
accidents, accidents of birth,
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Nesreče, nesreče pri rojstvu,
08:20
accidents of things dropping on people's heads, illnesses, etc.
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stvari, ki po nesreči padejo ljudem na glavo, bolezni, itd.
08:23
We will never get to grade them,
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Nikoli jih ne bo mogoče oceniti.
08:25
never get to grade people as they should.
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Nikoli ne bo mogoče oceniti ljudi, kot si zaslužijo.
08:27
I'm drawn to a lovely quote by St. Augustine in "The City of God,"
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Všeč mi je ljubek citat sv. Avguština v "Božjem mestu",
08:30
where he says, "It's a sin to judge any man by his post."
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ki pravi: "Greh je soditi kogarkoli po njegovem položaju."
08:34
In modern English that would mean
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Danes bi to pomenilo,
08:36
it's a sin to come to any view of who you should talk to
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da se je greh odločati, s kom boste govorili,
08:38
dependent on their business card.
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na podlagi njegove vizitke.
08:40
It's not the post that should count.
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Položaj ne bi smel biti pomemben.
08:42
According to St. Augustine,
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In po sv. Avguštinu
08:44
it's only God who can really put everybody in their place.
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je samo Bog tisti, ki lahko razsodi, kdo kam spada.
08:46
And he's going to do that on the Day of Judgment
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To bo naredil na sodni dan
08:48
with angels and trumpets, and the skies will open.
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z angelčki in s trobentami, in nebo se bo odprlo.
08:50
Insane idea, if you're a secularist person, like me.
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Nora ideja, če tako kot jaz niste verni.
08:53
But something very valuable in that idea, nevertheless.
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Ne glede na to je nekaj zelo dragocenega v njej.
08:55
In other words, hold your horses when you're coming to judge people.
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Ustavite torej konje, ko želite soditi o ljudeh.
08:59
You don't necessarily know what someone's true value is.
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Ni nujno, da poznate dejansko vrednost nekega človeka.
09:02
That is an unknown part of them.
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To je neznan del njih.
09:04
And we shouldn't behave as though it is known.
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Ne bi se smeli obnašati, kot da ga poznamo.
09:07
There is another source of solace and comfort for all this.
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Obstaja še en vir tolažbe in lagodja.
09:10
When we think about failing in life, when we think about failure,
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Ko pomislimo, da nam v življenju ne bo uspelo,
09:13
one of the reasons why we fear failing is not just
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se ne bojimo neuspeha le zaradi
09:15
a loss of income, a loss of status.
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izgube prihodka ali izgube položaja.
09:17
What we fear is the judgment and ridicule of others. And it exists.
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Bojimo se obsojanja in posmeha drugih ljudi. Posmeh obstaja.
09:21
You know, the number one organ of ridicule
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Številka ena na področju posmeha
09:23
nowadays, is the newspaper.
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je danes časopis.
09:25
And if you open the newspaper any day of the week,
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Odprite časopis katerikoli dan v tednu.
09:27
it's full of people who've messed up their lives.
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Poln je ljudi, ki so zavozili svoja življenja.
09:29
They've slept with the wrong person. They've taken the wrong substance.
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Spali so z napačno osebo. Vzeli so napačno substanco.
09:32
They've passed the wrong piece of legislation. Whatever it is.
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Sprejeli so napačen zakon. Karkoli že.
09:34
And then are fit for ridicule.
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Nato so primerni za posmeh.
09:37
In other words, they have failed. And they are described as "losers."
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Odpovedali so. Nato so označeni za "zgube".
09:40
Now is there any alternative to this?
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Ali obstaja kakšna alternativa?
09:42
I think the Western tradition shows us one glorious alternative,
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Mislim, da nam je zahodna tradicija
09:44
and that is tragedy.
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dala veličastno alternativo: tragedijo.
09:47
Tragic art, as it developed in the theaters of ancient Greece,
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Tragična umetnost, kot je bila razvita v gledališčih antične Grčije
09:50
in the fifth century B.C., was essentially an art form
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v 5. stoletju pr.n.št., je bila v bistvu oblika umetnosti,
09:52
devoted to tracing how people fail,
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posvečena orisu človekovega neuspeha.
09:55
and also according them a level of sympathy,
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A mu je dala tudi določeno mero sočutja,
09:59
which ordinary life would not necessarily accord them.
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ki mu je običajno življenje ne bi nujno podarilo.
10:03
I remember a few years ago, I was thinking about all this,
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Nekaj let nazaj, ko sem razmišljal o tem,
10:04
and I went to see "The Sunday Sport,"
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sem šel do rumenega časopisa
10:06
a tabloid newspaper that I don't recommend you to start reading
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"The Sunday Sport". A ne priporočam, da ga začnete brati,
10:09
if you're not familiar with it already.
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če ga še ne poznate.
10:11
I went to talk to them
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Z njimi sem želel govoriti
10:13
about certain of the great tragedies of Western art.
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o nekaterih velikih tragedijah zahodne umetnosti.
10:16
I wanted to see how they would seize the bare bones
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Hotel sem videti, kako bi se lotili bistva
10:18
of certain stories if they came in as a news item
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določenih zgodb, če bi te kot novice
10:21
at the news desk on a Saturday afternoon.
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prišle v uredništvo v soboto popoldne.
10:24
So I told them about Othello. They had not heard of it but were fascinated by it.
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Za Othella še niso slišali, a jih je prevzel.
10:26
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
10:27
And I asked them to write the headline for the story of Othello.
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Prosil sem jih, naj napišejo naslov za zgodbo o Othellu.
10:30
They came up with "Love-Crazed Immigrant Kills Senator's Daughter"
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Izmislili so si "Od ljubezni nor imigrant ubije hčerko senatorja"
10:33
splashed across the headline.
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čez celo naslovnico.
10:35
I gave them the plotline of Madame Bovary.
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Povedal sem jim zgodbo Gospe Bovary.
10:37
Again, a book they were enchanted to discover.
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Še ena knjiga, nad katere odkritjem so bili navdušeni.
10:39
And they wrote "Shopaholic Adulteress Swallows Arsenic After Credit Fraud."
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Napisali so "Zapravljiva prešuštnica pogoltnila arzenik po posojilni prevari".
10:44
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
10:45
And then my favorite.
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In še moja najljubša.
10:47
They really do have a kind of genius all of their own, these guys.
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Ti ljudje imajo resnično neko svojo vrsto genialnosti.
10:49
My favorite is Sophocles' Oedipus the King:
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Moja najljubša je Sofoklesov "Ojdip".
10:51
"Sex With Mum Was Blinding"
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"Seks z mamo je bil oslepljujoč"
10:54
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
10:57
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
10:59
In a way, if you like, at one end of the spectrum of sympathy,
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Na nek način imamo na eni strani spektra sočutja
11:02
you've got the tabloid newspaper.
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rumene časopise.
11:04
At the other end of the spectrum you've got tragedy and tragic art,
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Na drugi strani spektra imamo tragedijo in tragično umetnost.
11:07
and I suppose I'm arguing that we should learn a little bit
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Mislim, da si moramo pobliže ogledati,
11:09
about what's happening in tragic art.
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kaj se dogaja pri tragični umetnosti.
11:11
It would be insane to call Hamlet a loser.
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Noro bi bilo reči, da je Hamlet zguba.
11:14
He is not a loser, though he has lost.
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Ni zguba, čeprav je izgubil.
11:17
And I think that is the message of tragedy to us,
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Mislim, da je to zelo, zelo pomembno
11:19
and why it's so very, very important, I think.
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sporočilo tragedije za nas.
11:22
The other thing about modern society
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Moderna družba
11:24
and why it causes this anxiety
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povzroča tesnobo tudi zato,
11:26
is that we have nothing at its center that is non-human.
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ker je v njenem središču človek.
11:29
We are the first society to be living in a world
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Mi smo prva družba na svetu,
11:31
where we don't worship anything other than ourselves.
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ki ne časti nič drugega razen samih sebe.
11:34
We think very highly of ourselves, and so we should.
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Zelo visoko mnenje imamo o sebi. In prav je tako.
11:36
We've put people on the moon. We've done all sorts of extraordinary things.
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Poslali smo ljudi na luno. Naredili smo izjemne stvari.
11:39
And so we tend to worship ourselves.
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Zato častimo sami sebe.
11:41
Our heroes are human heroes.
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Naši junaki so človeški junaki.
11:43
That's a very new situation.
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To je popolnoma nova situacija.
11:45
Most other societies have had, right at their center,
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Večina drugih družb je imela v samem središču
11:47
the worship of something transcendent: a god,
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čaščenje nečesa transcedentnega.
11:49
a spirit, a natural force, the universe,
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Boga, duha, naravne sile, vesolje.
11:51
whatever it is, something else that is being worshiped.
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Karkoli že, nekaj drugega je čaščeno.
11:54
We've slightly lost the habit of doing that,
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Mi smo izgubili to navado.
11:56
which is, I think, why we're particularly drawn to nature.
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Kar je po mojem mnenju razlog, da nas tako privlači narava.
11:58
Not for the sake of our health, though it's often presented that way,
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Ne zaradi zdravja, čeprav je velikokrat tako predstavljeno.
12:01
but because it's an escape from the human anthill.
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Ampak ker je v naravi pobeg pred človeškim mravljiščem.
12:05
It's an escape from our own competition,
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V naravo zbežimo pred svojo lastno tekmovalnostjo
12:07
and our own dramas.
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in svojimi lastnimi dramami.
12:09
And that's why we enjoy looking at glaciers and oceans,
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Zato tako uživamo, ko gledamo ledenike in oceane
12:11
and contemplating the Earth from outside its perimeters, etc.
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ter razmišljamo o Zemlji zunaj njenih meja, itd.
12:15
We like to feel in contact with something that is non-human,
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Radi smo v stiku z nečim, kar ni človeško.
12:19
and that is so deeply important to us.
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To nam je zelo pomembno.
12:23
What I think I've been talking about really is success and failure.
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Mislim, da sem dejansko govoril o uspehu in neuspehu.
12:26
And one of the interesting things about success
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Zanimivo dejstvo o uspehu je,
12:29
is that we think we know what it means.
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da mislimo, da vemo, kaj pomeni.
12:31
If I said to you that there is somebody behind the screen
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Če bi vam rekel, da je za zaslonom nekdo,
12:33
who is very very successful, certain ideas would immediately come to mind.
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ki je zelo uspešen, bi takoj dobili določene zamisli.
12:36
You would think that person might have made a lot of money,
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Mislili bi, da je morda zaslužil veliko denarja,
12:38
achieved renown in some field.
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dosegel ugled na nekem področju.
12:41
My own theory of success -- and I'm somebody
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Moja osebna teorija o uspehu, in jaz sem človek,
12:43
who is very interested in success. I really want to be successful.
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ki ga uspeh zelo zanima. Res želim biti uspešen.
12:46
I'm always thinking, "How could I be more successful?"
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Vedno razmišljam: "Kako bi bil bolj uspešen?"
12:48
But as I get older, I'm also very nuanced
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A z leti imam vedno več odtenkov
12:50
about what that word "success" might mean.
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pomena besede "uspeh".
12:52
Here's an insight that I've had about success.
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Tole je vpogled, ki sem ga dobil o uspehu.
12:54
You can't be successful at everything.
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Ne morete biti uspešni pri vsem.
12:57
We hear a lot of talk about work-life balance.
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Veliko se govori o ravnotežju med službo in življenjem.
12:59
Nonsense. You can't have it all. You can't.
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Neumnost. Ne morete imeti vsega. Ne morete.
13:02
So any vision of success
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Vsaka vizija uspeha mora priznati,
13:04
has to admit what it's losing out on,
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na katerem področju izgublja,
13:06
where the element of loss is.
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kje je dejavnik izgube.
13:08
I think any wise life will accept,
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Mislim, da se bo vsak pameten človek strinjal,
13:11
as I say, that there is going to be an element where we are not succeeding.
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ko rečem, da na nekem področju ne bomo uspešni.
13:14
Thing about a successful life
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Dejstvo o uspešnem življenju je,
13:16
is, a lot of the time, our ideas
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da velikokrat naše ideje o tem,
13:18
of what it would mean to live successfully are not our own.
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kaj pomeni, da živimo uspešno, niso naše.
13:21
They are sucked in from other people:
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Vsrkamo jih od drugih ljudi.
13:23
chiefly, if you're a man, your father,
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Če ste moški, predvsem od očeta.
13:25
and if you're a woman, your mother.
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In če ste ženska, od mame.
13:27
Psychoanalysis has been drumming home this message for about 80 years.
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Psihoanaliza oznanja to sporočilo že 80 let.
13:30
No one is quite listening hard enough, but I very much believe that that's true.
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Nihče zares ne posluša, ampak jaz mislim, da zelo drži.
13:33
And we also suck in messages
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Prav tako vsrkavamo sporočila
13:35
from everything from the television, to advertising,
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televizije, oglaševanja,
13:37
to marketing, etc.
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marketinga, itd.
13:39
These are hugely powerful forces
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To so zelo močne sile,
13:41
that define what we want and how we view ourselves.
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ki določajo, kaj hočemo in kako vidimo sami sebe.
13:45
When we're told that banking is a very respectable profession
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Ko nam rečejo, da je bankirstvo spoštovanja vreden poklic,
13:48
a lot of us want to go into banking.
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nas hoče dosti delati na banki.
13:50
When banking is no longer so respectable, we lose interest in banking.
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Ko delo na banki ni več tako spoštovano, izgubimo interes.
13:53
We are highly open to suggestion.
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Zelo smo dovzetni za vplive.
13:56
So what I want to argue for is not that we should give up
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Ne pravim, da bi morali opustiti
13:59
on our ideas of success,
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svoje ideje o uspehu.
14:01
but we should make sure that they are our own.
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Ampak da bi se morali prepričati, da so res naše.
14:03
We should focus in on our ideas
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Osredotočiti bi se morali na svoje lastne ideje.
14:05
and make sure that we own them,
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In se prepričati, da so res naše,
14:08
that we are truly the authors of our own ambitions.
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da smo mi res avtorji naših ambicij.
14:10
Because it's bad enough, not getting what you want,
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Ker že tako je slabo, če ne dobimo, kar hočemo.
14:12
but it's even worse to have an idea
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Ampak še slabše je, če nimamo pojma,
14:15
of what it is you want and find out at the end of a journey,
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kaj sploh hočemo, in na koncu poti odkrijemo,
14:18
that it isn't, in fact, what you wanted all along.
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da v bistvu to ni to, kar smo ves čas hoteli.
14:21
So I'm going to end it there.
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S tem bom zaključil.
14:23
But what I really want to stress is
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To, kar hočem dejansko poudariti,
14:26
by all means, success, yes.
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je vsekakor uspeh.
14:28
But let's accept the strangeness of some of our ideas.
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Ampak sprejmimo nenavadnost nekaterih naših idej.
14:30
Let's probe away at our notions of success.
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Raziščimo svoje pojmovanje uspeha.
14:33
Let's make sure our ideas of success are truly our own.
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Prepričajmo se, da so naše ideje o uspehu resnično naše lastne.
14:37
Thank you very much.
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Hvala lepa.
14:39
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
14:55
Chris Anderson: That was fascinating. How do you reconcile
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To je bilo fascinantno.
14:57
this idea of someone being --
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Kako uskladite idejo, da je nekdo ...
15:02
it being bad to think of someone as a loser
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da je slabo misliti o nekom, da je zguba,
15:05
with the idea, that a lot of people like, of seizing control of your life.
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z idejo, ki je veliko ljudem všeč - prevzeti kontrolo nad svojim življenjem.
15:09
And that a society that encourages that
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Da družba, ki to spodbuja,
15:12
perhaps has to have some winners and losers.
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morda mora imeti nekaj zmagovalcev in nekaj poražencev.
15:15
Alain de Botton: Yes. I think it's merely the randomness
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Da. Mislim, da je samo naključnost procesa zmagovanja
15:18
of the winning and losing process that I wanted to stress.
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in izgubljanja tisto, kar sem hotel poudariti.
15:20
Because the emphasis nowadays is so much
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Ker je danes poudarek predvsem
15:22
on the justice of everything,
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na pravičnosti vsega.
15:24
and politicians always talk about justice.
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Politiki vedno govorijo o pravičnosti.
15:26
Now I am a firm believer in justice, I just think that it is impossible.
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Trdo verjamem v pravičnost. A mislim, da jo je nemogoče doseči.
15:29
So we should do everything we can,
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Morali bi narediti vse, kar lahko,
15:31
we should do everything we can to pursue it.
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da jo poskušamo doseči.
15:33
But at the end of the day we should always remember
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A na koncu dneva se moramo spomniti,
15:35
that whoever is facing us, whatever has happened in their lives,
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da je vedno prisoten zelo močan dejavnik naključja,
15:38
there will be a strong element of the haphazard.
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ne glede na to, kdo nam stoji nasproti in kaj se mu je v življenju zgodilo.
15:41
And it's that that I'm trying to leave room for.
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Temu želim pustiti nekaj prostora.
15:43
Because otherwise it can get quite claustrophobic.
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Ker drugače lahko postane precej klavstrofobično.
15:45
CA: I mean, do you believe that you can combine
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Ali verjamete, da lahko združite
15:47
your kind of kinder, gentler philosophy of work
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vašo prijaznejšo, nežnejšo filozofijo dela
15:49
with a successful economy?
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z uspešnim gospodarstvom?
15:53
Or do you think that you can't?
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Ali morda menite, da to ni možno?
15:55
But it doesn't matter that much that we're putting too much emphasis on that?
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Da morda niti ni pomembno in da temu dajemo preveč poudarka?
15:57
AB: The nightmare thought
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Morasta misel je, da je ustrahovanje
16:00
is that frightening people is the best way to get work out of them,
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najboljši način, da ljudje dobro delajo.
16:04
and that somehow the crueler the environment
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Bolj bo okolje kruto,
16:07
the more people will rise to the challenge.
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bolj se bodo ljudje soočili z izzivom.
16:09
You want to think, who would you like as your ideal dad?
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Pomislite, koga bi radi za svojega idealnega očeta?
16:13
And your ideal dad is somebody who is tough but gentle.
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Vaš idealni oče je strog, ampak nežen.
16:16
And it's a very hard line to make.
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To črto je zelo težko potegniti.
16:18
We need fathers, as it were, the exemplary father figures in society,
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Potrebujemo očete, recimo temu zgledne očetovske figure v družbi,
16:22
avoiding the two extremes,
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ki se bodo izogibale obeh skrajnosti.
16:24
which is the authoritarian, disciplinarian, on the one hand,
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Samovoljnosti in discipliniranja po eni strani,
16:28
and on the other, the lax, no rules option.
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in ohlapnosti brez pravil po drugi.
16:32
CA: Alain de Botton.
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Alain de Botton.
16:34
AB: Thank you very much.
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Najlepša hvala.
16:36
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alain de Botton - PhilosopherThrough his witty and literate books -- and his new School of Life -- Alain de Botton helps others find fulfillment in the everyday.
Why you should listen
It started in 1997, when Alain de Botton turned away from writing novels and instead wrote a touching extended essay titled How Proust Can Change Your Life, which became an unlikely blockbuster in the "self-help"category. His subsequent books take on some of the fundamental worries of modern life (am I happy? where exactly do I stand?), informed by his deep reading in philosophy and by a novelist's eye for small, perfect moments. His newest book is The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work.
In 2008, de Botton helped start the School of Life in London, a social enterprise determined to make learning and therapy relevant in today's uptight culture. His goal is (through any of his mediums) to help clients learn "how to live wisely and well."
Alain de Botton | Speaker | TED.com