TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
David Hoffman berbagi kegemarannya pada Sputnik
Filmed:
Readability: 4.9
378,053 views
Pembuat film David Hoffman berbagi cuplikan dari film bioskop dokumenternya "Sputnik Mania," yang menunjukkan bagaimana peluncuran Sputnik milik Uni Soviet pada tahun 1957 memicu perlombaan antariksa dan perlombaan senjata -- dan melejitkan ilmu pengetahuan dan pendidikan matematika di seluruh dunia.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
0
3000
3000
Lima puluh tahun lalu di Uni Soviet,
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
1
6000
3000
sekelompok insinyur diam-diam memindahkan sebuah benda besar
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
2
9000
3000
menuju tempat terpencil.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
3
12000
3000
Bersama benda itu, mereka berharap untuk menawan pikiran orang di mana-mana
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
4
15000
3000
dengan menjadi yang pertama menguasai luar angkasa.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
5
18000
2000
Roket itu sangat besar.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
6
20000
2000
Dan pada hidungnya terdapat sebuah bola perak
00:40
with two radios inside.
7
22000
3000
dengan dua buah radio di dalamnya.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
8
26000
3000
Pada 4 Oktober 1957, mereka meluncurkan roketnya.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
9
29000
3000
Salah satu ilmuwan Rusia pada saat itu menulis:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
10
32000
2000
"Kami akan menciptakan sebuah planet baru
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
11
34000
3000
yang akan kami namai Sputnik.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
12
37000
2000
Di masa lalu, para penjelajah
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
13
39000
3000
seperti Vasco da Gama dan Columbus
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
14
42000
3000
sangat beruntung dapat membuka daratan baru.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
15
46000
3000
Kini kita juga sangat beruntung untuk membuka luar angkasa.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
16
49000
4000
Dan di masa depan orang-orang akan iri pada kebahagiaan kami."
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
17
54000
3000
Anda menyaksikan cuplikan dari "Sputnik," film dokumenter kelima saya
01:16
which is just about completed.
18
58000
3000
yang baru saja selesai.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
19
61000
2000
Film ini menceritakan kisah tentang Sputnik,
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
20
63000
3000
dan kisah tentang apa dampaknya di Amerika.
01:24
For days after the launch,
21
66000
2000
Beberapa hari setelah peluncurannya,
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
22
68000
3000
Sputnik mengundang rasa penasaran luar biasa.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
23
71000
3000
Sebuah bulan buatan yang dapat dilihat orang biasa,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
24
75000
3000
yang mengundang kekaguman dan kebanggaan
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
25
78000
3000
bahwa manusia akhirnya meluncurkan benda ke luar angkasa.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
26
83000
3000
Namun hanya tiga hari kemudian, pada hari yang mereka sebut Senin Merah,
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
27
86000
3000
media dan para politikus memberi tahu
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
28
89000
2000
dan kita yakin, bahwa Sputnik adalah bukti
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
29
91000
2000
bahwa musuh kita telah mengalahkan kita
01:51
in science and technology,
30
93000
3000
dalam ilmu dan teknologi,
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
31
96000
3000
dan bahwa mereka dapat menyerang kita dengan bom hidrogen,
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
32
99000
4000
menggunakan roket Sputnik sebagai misil IBM.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
33
103000
2000
Terjadi kepanikan.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
34
105000
3000
Sputnik dengan cepat menjadi satu dari tiga goncangan besar yang memukul Amerika --
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
35
109000
3000
para sejarahwan berkata Sputnik setara dengan Pearl Harbor atau 9/11.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
36
113000
3000
Sputnik menimbulkan celah misil,
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
37
116000
3000
meletuskan perlombaan senjata,
02:17
It began the space race.
38
119000
3000
memulai perlombaan luar angkasa.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
39
122000
3000
Dalam setahun, Kongres membiayai peningkatan senjata dalam jumlah besar
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
40
125000
3000
dari 1.200 senjata nuklir
02:26
to 20,000.
41
128000
2000
menjadi 20.000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
42
130000
3000
Dan reaksi terhadap Sputnik menjadi jauh melampaui peningkatan senjata.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
43
133000
3000
Sebagai contoh, beberapa orang di sini akan ingat
02:34
this day, June 1958,
44
136000
2000
pada hari itu, Juni 1958,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
45
138000
2000
Latihan Pertahanan Sipil Nasional,
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
46
140000
3000
di mana puluhan juta orang di 78 kota pergi ke bawah tanah.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
47
144000
3000
Atau survei dari Gallup yang menunjukkan bahwa 7 dari 10 orang Amerika
02:45
believed that a nuclear war would happen,
48
147000
3000
yakin bahwa perang nuklir akan terjadi
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
49
150000
2000
dan bahwa setidaknya 50 persen rakyat kita
02:50
was going to be killed.
50
152000
2000
akan terbunuh.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
51
154000
3000
Namun Sputnik juga menimbulkan perubahan menakjubkan.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
52
158000
2000
Sebagai contoh, beberapa orang di ruangan ini mendapat beasiswa
02:58
because of Sputnik.
53
160000
2000
karena Sputnik.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
54
162000
3000
Dukungan untuk bidang teknik, matematika, dan ilmu pengetahuan --
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
55
165000
3000
pendidikan pada umumnya -- meningkat tajam.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
56
168000
2000
Dan Vint Cerf menunjukkan bahwa Sputnik
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
57
170000
2000
langsung mengarah kepada ARPA, internet,
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
58
172000
3000
dan tentu saja, NASA.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
59
175000
3000
Film dokumenter saya menunjukkan bagaimana masyarakat
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
60
178000
3000
dapat digerakkan oleh mereka yang tahu bagaimana menggunakan media.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
61
181000
2000
Namun hal itu juga menunjukkan bagaimana kita dapat mengubah
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
62
183000
3000
apa yang semula tampak sebagai situasi yang buruk
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
63
186000
3000
menjadi sesuatu yang secara keseluruhan sangat baik bagi Amerika.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
64
190000
3000
"Sputnik" akan segera diluncurkan.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
65
193000
2000
Sebagai penutup, saya ingin berterima kasih kepada
03:33
one of my investors:
66
195000
2000
salah satu investor saya
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
67
197000
2000
TEDster senior, Jay Walker.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
68
199000
2000
Dan saya ingin berterima kasih kepada Anda semua.
03:39
(Applause).
69
201000
4000
(Tepuk tangan)
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
70
205000
1000
Terima kasih, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com