TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
大卫·霍夫曼讲述他导演的《人造卫星狂》（2007上映）
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电影导演大卫·霍夫曼与大家分享了他的长篇纪录片－《人造卫星狂》，它讲述了前苏联如何在1957年成功发射了人造卫星，并因此引发了太空竞赛以及军备竞赛，并因此在世界范围内促进了科学和数学的发展。
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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50年以前在前苏联
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a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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一队工程师秘密移动一个庞大的物体（火箭）
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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通过荒原。
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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利用这个物体（火箭），第一次征服外太空
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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他们希望能够引起世界各地人们的关注。
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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火箭非常庞大
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And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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在火箭的顶端搭载了一个银球
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with two radios inside.
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银球中有两台无线电。
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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1957年10月4日他们发射了火箭
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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那时其中的某位俄罗斯科学家写道：
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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“我们将会创造一个新的行球
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that we will call Sputnik.
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并将其命名为“Sputnik” （苏联人造卫星）
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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在过去的日子里，探险者们
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like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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如瓦斯科.达伽马和哥伦布
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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都曾经有幸开拓了地球
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Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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而现在我们将有幸开拓宇宙空间。
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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未来的人们将会羡慕我们的成就。”
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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您正在观看的是来自电影“人造卫星”的片段
01:16
which is just about completed.
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这是我刚完成的第五部纪录长片
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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它讲述了苏联人造卫星的故事
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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以及它对美国所带来的影响
01:24
For days after the launch,
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在人造卫星发射之后的一段时间里
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Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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苏联人造卫星成为了关注的焦点。
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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人造月亮在星空中肉眼可见
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it inspired awe and pride
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它激发了敬畏和骄傲
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that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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人类终于能够将物体发射到太空中了。
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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但是仅仅三天之后，这天他们称为红色星期一
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the media and the politicians told us,
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媒体和政治家们告诉我们
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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人造卫星证明了
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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我们的敌人
01:51
in science and technology,
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在科技上超越了我们
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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并且他们能够将人造卫星用作IBM (洲际导弹)
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using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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利用将人造卫星运载火箭作为IBM（ICBM洲际导弹）。
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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所有的一切变得一团糟。
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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苏联人造卫星很快成为冲击美国的三个震惊之一
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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历史学家称它可与珍珠港或9/11事件相提并论
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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它引出了美苏两国导弹力量差距(missile gap)的观点。
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It exploded an arms race.
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并因此引发了两国之间的军备竞赛。
02:17
It began the space race.
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从此太空竞赛拉开帷幕。
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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一年之内，国会大幅度提高了军事预算
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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我们将核武器数量从1200枚
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to 20,000.
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大幅度地提高到了2万枚。
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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人造卫星的影响不仅仅在武器数量增长上。
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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例如，在座的各位也许记得
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this day, June 1958,
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1958年6月的这一天
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the National Civil Defense Drill,
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进行了国家民防演习
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where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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78个城市的数以千万计居民躲进了地下。
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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或者盖洛普民意调查显示七成美国人
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believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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相信未来将会发生核战争
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and that at least 50 percent of our population
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并且至少我们一半人口
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was going to be killed.
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将会死于战争。
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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但是人造卫星同样也引起了令人高兴的变化。
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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例如，在座中也许有人因为人造卫星
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because of Sputnik.
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而获得奖学金进入大学。
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Support for engineering, math and science --
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对工程，数学和科学的支持
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education in general -- boomed.
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使教育得到了长足发展
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And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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并且温顿.瑟夫认为人造卫星
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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直接导致了ARPA(美国国防高级研究计划局)以及互联网
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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和NASA(美国国家航空航天局)的诞生。
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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我的纪录片将会展示自由的社会是
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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如何被善于利用媒体的人所蛊惑。
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But it also shows how we can turn
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但它也展示了我们如何
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what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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从最初认为的坏局面
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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慢慢地转变成为对美国有利的事件的。
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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“人造卫星”将会很快上映
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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最后，我想利用此机会感谢
03:33
one of my investors:
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我们的投资者之一：
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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永远的TEDster,杰.沃克
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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感谢您们的倾听
03:39
(Applause).
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(掌声)
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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谢谢你，克里斯
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com