TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
David Hoffman odhaľuje svoju Sputnik mániu
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Filmár David Hoffman odhaľuje časti svojho celovečerného dokumentu Sputnik mánia, ktorý zobrazuje ako vypustenie Sputnika v roku 1957 Sovietskym zväzom viedlo k vesmírnym pretekom, pretekom v zbrojení a zároveň k výraznému nárastu výuky vedy a matematiky po celom svete.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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Pred päťdesiatimi rokmi v Sovietskom zväze,
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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tým inžinierov tajne presúval veľký predmet
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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cez opustenú krajinu.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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S ním dúfali vo vzbudenie záujmu v mysliach ľudí po celom svete
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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tým, že sa stanú prvými, ktorý pokoria vesmír.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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Raketa bola obrovská.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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A jej špička ukrývala striebornú guľu
00:40
with two radios inside.
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s dvomi vysielačmi vo vnútri.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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4. októbra 1957 bola ich raketa vypustená.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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Jeden z ruských vedcov vtedy napísal:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"Sme pred vytvorením novej planéty,
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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ktorú nazveme Sputnik.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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V dávnych dobách, objavitelia
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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ako Vasco da Gama a Kolumbus
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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mali veľké šťastie pri objavovaní Zeme.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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Teraz my máme to šťastie objaviť vesmír.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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Tí v budúcnosti nám budú závidieť našu radosť."
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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Sledujete úryvky zo "Sputnika", môjho piateho dokumentárneho filmu,
01:16
which is just about completed.
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ktorý je takmer hotový.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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Rozpráva príbeh Sputniku
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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a príbeh o tom čo sa následne stalo s Amerikou.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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Počas niekoľkých dní po vypustení,
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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bol Sputnik úžasnou zaujímavosťou.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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Človekom vytvorený mesiac viditeľný pre obyčajných ľudí
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it inspired awe and pride
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vzbudzoval úžas a hrdosť
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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nad tým, že človek konečne vypustil objekt do vesmíru.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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Ale už o tri dni neskôr, v deň nazývaný Červený pondelok,
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the media and the politicians told us,
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nám médiá a politici tvrdili,
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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a my sme im verili, že Sputnik bol dôkazom,
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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že náš nepriateľ nás porazil
01:51
in science and technology,
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vo vede a technológii
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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a že nás teraz môže napadnúť vodíkovými bombami,
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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využitím rakety Sputnika ako interkontinentálnej balistickej strely.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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Rozpútalo sa peklo.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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Sputnik sa čoskoro stal jednou z troch šokujúcich udalostí pre Ameriku --
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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historici to prirovnávajú k Pearl Harbru alebo 11. septembru.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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Vyvolalo to "missile gap".
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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Vypukli preteky v zbrojení.
02:17
It began the space race.
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Začali vesmírne preteky.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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V priebehu roku kongres financoval enormné zvýšenie počtu zbraní
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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a prešli sme od 1200 nukleárnych zbraní
02:26
to 20,000.
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k 20 000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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Reakcia na Sputnik ďaleko presiahla len zvýšenie počtu zbraní.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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Napríklad, niektorí z prítomných si budú pamätať
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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tento deň, jún 1958,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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celonárodné cvičenie civilnej obrany,
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where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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kedy desiatky miliónov ľudí v 78 mestách šlo do podzemia.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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Alebo prieskum verejnej mienky, ktorý zistil, že 7 z 10 Američanov
02:45
believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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verilo, že vypukne atomová vojna
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
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a že minimálne 50 percent populácie
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was going to be killed.
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zahynie.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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Ale Sputnik vyprovokoval aj výborné zmeny.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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Napríklad, niektorí v tejto sále dostali štipendium na výšku
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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vďaka Sputniku.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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Podpora techniky, matematiky a vedy --
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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vzdelávania ako takého -- rapídne rástla.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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A Vint Cerf zdôrazňuje, že Sputnik
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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viedol priamo k ARPA a k internetu
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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a samozrejme NASA.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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Môj dokument zobrazuje ako slobodná spoločnosť
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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môže byť vyplašená tými, ktorí vedia ako použiť médiá.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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Ale taktiež zobrazuje ako môžeme zmeniť
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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to, čo najskôr vyzerá ako zlá situácia,
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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v niečo, čo bolo nakoniec veľmi prospešné pre Ameriku.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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"Sputnik" bude čoskoro vypustený.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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Záverom by som chcel využiť moment na poďakovanie
03:33
one of my investors:
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jednému z mojich investorov:
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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dlhodobému TEDsterovi, Jay Walkerovi.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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Zároveň by som chcel poďakovať všetkým vám.
03:39
(Applause).
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(Potlesk)
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Ďakujem, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com