TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
Dejvid Hofman govori o svojoj Sputnjik maniji
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Reditelj Dejvid Hofman (David Hoffman) predstavlja filmski materijal iz svog dokumentarnog filma "Sputnjik manija", koji prikazuje kako je sovjetsko lansiranje Sputnjika 1957. godine dovelo do svemirske trke i trke u naoružanju -- i odskoka u naučnom i matematičkom obrazovanju širom sveta.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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Pre pedeset godina u nekadašnjem Sovjetskom savezu
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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tim inženjera je tajno pomerao veliki objekat
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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kroz napušteni predeo.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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Sa tim objektom su se nadali da će svuda zainteresovati ljude
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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time što će prvi osvojiti svemir.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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Raketa je bila ogromna.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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U njen nos su spakovali srebrnu loptu
00:40
with two radios inside.
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u kojoj su se nalazila dva radio predajnika.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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4. oktobra 1957. godine su lansirali raketu.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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U to vreme, jedan od ruskih naučnika je zabeležio:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"Nameravamo da stvorimo novu planetu,
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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koju ćemo zvati Sputnjik."
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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U starim vremenima, istraživači
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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kao Vasko de Gama ili Kolumbo
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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su imali sreću da prošire granice tada poznatog sveta.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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Sada mi imamo tu sreću da proširimo granice svemira.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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I u budućnosti će nam u istoj meri zavideti na našoj radosti.
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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Gledate odlomke "Sputnjika", mog petog dokumentarnog filma,
01:16
which is just about completed.
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koji je upravo završen.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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On govori o Sputnjiku,
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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i o tome šta se kao posledica toga dogodilo Americi.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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Danima nakon lansiranja,
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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svi su se divili Sputnjiku.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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Mesec, koga je napravio čovek i koji mogu da vide obični građani,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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ulio je strahopoštovanje i ponos
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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da je čovek konačno lansirao objekat u svemir.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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Ali samo tri dana kasnije, na dan koji zovu Crveni ponedeljak,
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
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mediji i političari su nam rekli,
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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a mi smo verovali, da je Sputnjik dokaz
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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da su nas naši neprijatelji pobedili
01:51
in science and technology,
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u nauci i tehnologiji
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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i da nas sad mogu napasti hidrogenskim bombama,
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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koristeći njihov Sputnjik kao nosač raketa.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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Otvorila su se vrata pakla.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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Sputnjik je brzo postao jedan od tri velika šoka koja su pogodila Ameriku --
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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istoričari kažu jednak Perlu Harburu ili 11.septembru.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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To je prouzrokovalo jaz u razvoju raketa.
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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Počela je trka u naoružanju.
02:17
It began the space race.
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Počela je svemirska trka.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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U toku godinu dana, kongres je finansirao ogroman budžet za razvoj naoružanja,
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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i otišli smo sa 1200 nuklearnog oružja
02:26
to 20,000.
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na 20 000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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Reakcije na Sputnjik nisu bile samo povećanje naoružanja.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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Na primer, neki ovde će se setiti
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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tog dana, juna 1958. godine,
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the National Civil Defense Drill,
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nacionalne vežbe civilne odbrane,
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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kad su desetine miliona ljudi u 78 gradova otišli u skloništa.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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Ili Galup ankete koja je pokazala da je 7 od 10 Amerikanaca
02:45
believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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verovalo da će doći do nuklearnog rata,
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
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i da će najmanje 50 procenata naše populacije
02:50
was going to be killed.
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poginuti.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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Međutim, Sputnjik je prouzrokovao i predivne promene.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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Na primer, neki u ovoj prostoriji su išli u školu sa stipendijom
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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zahvaljujući Sputnjiku.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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Podrška u inženjerstvu, matematici i nauci--
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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uopšte obrazovanju - se veoma povećala.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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Vint Serf ističe da je Sputnjik
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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doveo direktno do ARPA i interneta,
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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i naravno do аgencije NASA.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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Moj dokumentarac pokazuje kako slobodno društvo
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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mogu da ugroze oni koji znaju kako da koriste medije.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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Ali istovremeno pokazuje kako mi možemo da preokrenemo situaciju,
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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koja se na početku čini kao loša,
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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u nešto što je uopšte dobro za Ameriku.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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Film "Sputnjik" će se uskoro pojaviti.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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Na kraju, želeo bih da se zahvalim
03:33
one of my investors:
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jednom od mojih investitora,
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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dugogodišnjem TEDsteru Džeju Vokeru.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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I želeo bih da zahvalim svima vama.
03:39
(Applause).
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(Aplauz).
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Hvala, Kris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com