TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
Deivids Hofmens: Sputnik mānija
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Filmu režisors Deivids Hofmens demonstrē fragmentus no savas pilnmetrāžas dokumentālās filmas „Sputnik mānija”, kurā atainota Padomju Savienības „Sputnik” palaišana 1957. gadā, kas noveda gan pie starpvalstu kosmosa, gan bruņošanās sacensības, un veicināja zinātnes un matemātikas izglītības uzplaukumu visā pasaulē.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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Pirms piecdesmit gadiem, vecajā Padomju Savienībā
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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inženieru komanda slepus caur pamestiem laukiem
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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pārvietoja milzīgu priekšmetu.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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Ar to viņi cerēja iekarot cilvēku prātus visā pasaulē
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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kā pirmie, kas iekaro atklāto kosmosu.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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Raķete bija milzīga.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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Tās priekšgalā bija uzmontēta sudraba lode
00:40
with two radios inside.
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ar diviem radio tajā.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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1957. gada 4. oktobrī viņi palaida savu raķeti.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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Viens no krievu zinātniekiem tolaik rakstīja:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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„Mēs grasāmies radīt jaunu planētu,
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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ko sauksim par „Sputnik”.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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Senajās dienās pētniekiem
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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kā Vasko da Gamam un Kolumbam
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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bija laime atklāt pasaulīgos plašumus.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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Nu mums ir tā laime doties kosmosā.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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Un tiem nākotnē būs apskaust mūsu laimi.”
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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Jūs skatāties kadrus no manas piektās dokumentālas filmas „Sputnik”.
01:16
which is just about completed.
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kuru tik tikko ir pabeigta.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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Tajā stāstīts par „Sputnik”,
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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un to, kas tā rezultātā notika Amerikā.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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Dienas pēc palaišanas
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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„Sputnik” bija brīnišķīgs neparastums.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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Cilvēka radīts mēness, ko varēja redzēt parastie ļaudis,
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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tas iedvesa bijību un lepnumu par to,
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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ka cilvēki beidzot bija kosmosā palaiduši objektu.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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Tomēr pēc nieka trim dienām, dienā, ko viņi iesauca Sarkano pirmdienu,
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
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plašsaziņas līdzekļi un politiķi mums bija iestāstījuši,
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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un mēs noticējām, ka Sputnik bija pierādījums
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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tam, ka ienaidnieks ir mūs sakāvis
01:51
in science and technology,
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zinātnē un tehnoloģijās
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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un, ka nu, izmantojot Sputnik raķeti kā SKBR,
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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viņi varēja mums uzbrukt ar ūdeņraža bumbām.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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Sākās haoss.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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„Sputnik” ātri vien kļuva par vienu no trim lielākajiem Amerikas šokiem.
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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Vēsturnieki to salīdzina ar Pērlhārboru vai 9/11.
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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Tas izraisīja raķešu arsenāla strauju papildināšanu.
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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Tas aizsāka bruņošanās sacensības.
02:17
It began the space race.
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Tas aizsāka kosmosa sacensības.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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Gada laikā Kongress finansēja milzīgu ieroču daudzuma palielināšanu,
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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un tas mums palielinājās no 1,200 kodolieročiem
02:26
to 20,000.
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līdz 20,000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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Atbildes reakcija uz „Sputnik” nebija tikai papildu ieroči.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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Piemēram, daži no klātesošajiem atcerēsies
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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šo dienu, 1958. gada jūniju,
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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Nacionālās civilaizsardzības mācības,
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where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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kad desmitiem miljonu cilvēki 78 pilsētās devās pazemē.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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Vai „Gallup” aptauja, kas atklāja, ka septiņi no 10 amerikāņiem
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believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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uzskatīja, ka sāksies kodolkarš,
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
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un, ka vismaz 50 procenti Zemes iedzīvotāju
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was going to be killed.
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tā laikā ietu bojā.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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Taču „Sputnik” veicināja arī brīnišķīgas pārmaiņas.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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Piemēram, daži šajā telpā „Sputnik” dēļ skolā
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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saņēma stipendijas.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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Inženierijas, matemātikas un zinātnes finansējums,
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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visa izglītība kopumā, uzplauka.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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Vints Sērfs norāda, ka „Sputnik” dēļ
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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radās ARPA un internets,
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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un arī protams, NASA.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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Mana dokumentālā filma parāda kā brīvu sabiedrību
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can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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var nospiest tie, kuri prot izmantot plašsaziņas līdzekļus.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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Bet tajā arī parādīts tas, kā sākumā
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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šķietami slikto situāciju var pārvērst
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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kā tādā, kas kopumā Amerikai bija ļoti labs.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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Filma „Sputnik” drīz tiks izdota.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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Nobeigumā, es vēlētos pateikties
03:33
one of my investors:
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vienam no maniem investoriem:
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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ilglaicīgam TEDsterim Džejam Vokeram.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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Es vēlētos pateikties arī jums visiem.
03:39
(Applause).
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(Aplausi)
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Paldies, Kris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com