Dambisa Moyo: Economic growth has stalled. Let's fix it
ダンビザ・モヨ: 経済成長の行き詰まりを打破するには
Dambisa Moyo is an international economist who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs. Full bio
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and sustain economic growth
維持することは
and pandemics,
パンデミック
solve the economic growth challenge,
経済を活性化していかないと
that I've just elucidated.
時間がかかるでしょう
long-term economic growth,
生み出すまでは
that continue to pervade the globe today,
解決できそうにない問題に
education or economic development.
like the United States and across Europe
経済を活性化させようと
after the financial crisis?
key drivers of economic growth:
力強さを失なったままです
continue to see debts and deficits,
負債と損失をため込み
of both the quality and quantity of labor
economic growth in the emerging markets,
経済成長をもたらしていくか
of the world's population lives
is under the age of 25?
at a minimum of seven percent a year
年7パーセントの経済成長が
in one generation.
倍にするために必須です
50 million people --
that seven percent magic mark.
奮闘しています
South Africa, Brazil and even China
ブラジルそして中国ですら
that seven percent number
enter into a virtuous cycle
and improved living standards.
生活水準が向上します
countries contract and atrophy,
国は縮小し衰えていきます
of economic statistics
年次の経済統計上の数字だけでなく
and how lives are lived.
人生の過ごし方に関わります
powerfully for the individual.
個人に対して大きく影響を及ぼします
and social instability rises,
社会への不安が膨らみます
coarser and smaller.
粗暴化し縮小していきます
rates as developed countries.
成長する必要がありません
find this to be a risky proposition.
この意見が危険だと考える方もいるでしょう
and be quite disillusioned
ひどく幻滅させられて
to economic growth.
overpopulation of the planet.
危惧している人もいます
recent statistics and projections
世界の人口は
11 billion people on the planet
110億人に達すると
to natural resources --
エネルギーや金属などの
energy and minerals.
the degradation of the environment.
that economic growth
経済成長が
of changes in living standards
生活水準を変える中心にあると
that has been driven by capitalism.
経済成長だけではありません
very simply put,
簡単に言うと
capital and labor,
生産要素が
of the private sector and not the state.
委ねられているということです
that we understand
批判の対象とすべきは
is not for economic growth per se
資本主義に何が起きたかだと
economic growth over the long term,
生み出されるように
with a better form of economic stance.
追求していく必要があります
資本主義が必要ですが
has been defined by private actors.
民間主体でした
is a very simplistic dichotomy.
二分法での単純化した見方でした
というように
more state capitalism,
like the Unites States
the capitalist system, however,
on countries like China
そもそも市場による資本主義ではない国に
not blatantly market capitalism.
a real reason and real concern
on purer forms of capitalism,
by the United States.
been afforded the critique
at the expense of the many.
少数が利益をあげているではないか」と
that we need to address
非常に重大な二つの課題は
can help to address social ills.
we have to ask ourselves,
私たちは自問する必要があります
of an individual utility maximizer --
つまり欲しいものは手に入れる
who goes after what he or she wants.
取り決められています
maximized their utility
to other social contracts.
governments do tax,
政府は税金を課し
to fund social programs,
社会保障の資金に使うので
is not just regulation
ただ規制するだけではなく
improve the capitalist model.
two sides to this challenge.
二つの側面があります
we can improve capitalism.
like conditional transfers,
for doing the things
can help enhance economic growth.
というやり方です
inoculated or immunized,
子供に予防接種を受けさせると
we should be paying people
is that pay for performance
on left-leaning policies.
大変革が進んでいます
expand its role and responsibility
むしろ生産要素の調停者として
much more of an arbiter
with the success of China.
from just being a profit motive
in the delivery of social programs.
携わるようになるか
social responsibility programs,
have also tended to blur the lines
政府とNGO
NGOs and private sector.
曖昧になりがちです
are the 19th-century United States,
19世紀のアメリカです
public-private partnerships.
has also proven to the world
社会の向上のために
for the betterment of society.
取り組めることを世界に示しました
the world economic growth challenges
不必要に観念的な姿勢では
and being unnecessarily ideological.
問題の解決は不可能です
long-term economic growth
長期経済成長をもたらし
that continue to plague the world today,
問題や社会的病理を一掃し
more broad-minded
必要になるでしょう
必要になるでしょう
that ideology is the enemy of growth.
という認識が必要です
a couple of questions, Dambisa,
to your last sentence
こうも言えます
ideology of our times.
支配的イデオロギーだ
to those who react that way?
completely legitimate,
having that discussion.
このことを議論しています
going on around happiness
for measuring people's success
in people's living standards
何ができるのか
poverty around the world.
経済成長の回復を訴えましたが
for rehabilitating growth,
犠牲にすることなく
the capacity of the earth,
from the underlying use of resources.
切り離すことでしょう
about human ability and ingenuity.
創造力にもっと楽観的です
and depleting resources
人間同士が抑圧を始めると
about the way the world is.
running out of resources,
that those things are not valid.
we could see desalination,
海水を淡水化できたように
get better outcomes.
about what humans can do.
for rehabilitating growth
違う方向に進むための
to fix capitalism with more capitalism --
提案しているように感じました
on good behavior as incentive
善い行いに値札をつけたり
for business in social issues.
より大きな役割を構築する
we have to be open-minded.
we would like them to.
economy in the world, the United States,
アメリカには
as it's core political stance
自由民主主義があり
as its economic stance.
自由市場資本主義です
which is a completely different model.
全く異なったモデルです
completely different political models
income inequality number
we should have,
much more discourse
何がわかっていないのか
about what we know and what we don't know.
謙虚に考えることが必要だと思います
The COP21 is going on in Paris.
パリで開催されますが
and heads of delegations there,
伝えるなら
about being open-minded.
もっと広い視野を持つべきです
the environmental concerns
'72 in Stockholm --
72年のストックホルム会議
a fundamental agreement,
至っていないからでしょう
countries believe and want
要求の間には
to continue to create economic growth
政治不安を一掃するために
uncertainty in the those countries.
important responsibility
their CO2 emissions
that they're contributing to the world,
管理するだけでなく
to the table as well.
現れなくてはなりません
to the emerging markets
at what they're doing
需要と供給双方が
in developed markets.
大きく左右しているからです
DM: Thank you very much.
ダンビサ:こちらこそ
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dambisa Moyo - Global economistDambisa Moyo is an international economist who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs.
Why you should listen
Dambisa Moyo's work examines the interplay between rapidly developing countries, international business, and the global economy -- while highlighting opportunities for investment. She has travelled to more than 60 countries over the past decade, studying the political, economic and financial workings of emerging economies, in particular the BRICs and the frontier economies in Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East. Her latest book, Winner Take All: China’s Race for Resources and What It Means for the World, looks at how commodities markets influence much more than the global economy -- and examines the possible consequences of China's unprecedented rush for commodities such as oil, minerals, water, and food, including the looming specter of commodity-driven conflict.
She is the author of the brilliantly argued Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa and How the West Was Lost: Fifty Years of Economic Folly and the Stark Choices Ahead. Previously, she was an economist at Goldman Sachs, where she worked for nearly a decade, and was a consultant to the World Bank in Washington.
Dambisa Moyo | Speaker | TED.com