Sangeeta Bhatia: This tiny particle could roam your body to find tumors
サンギータ・バティア: 体内で腫瘍を見つけ出すミクロの粒子
Sangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation. Full bio
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to house one transistor,
要していた空間には
詰め込むことができ
the size of an entire room
大きなコンピューターは
いえるかもしれませんね
revolution in computers.
インスピレーションを受け
to reduce the number of lives lost
最も急速に増加しているある病気から
diseases on Earth:
救えないかと考えています
is that we're working on curing cancer.
癌治療の研究をしていると思います
opportunity to save lives
人命を救うという—
and prevention of cancer.
due to cancer are fully preventable
have in hand today.
喫煙をやめることなどです
and technologies that we have today,
they've started growing,
やっと見つかるものもあります
cancer cells strong.
deadly cancers sooner,
miniaturization might get us there.
どう寄与するのかお話ししましょう
for looking at a tissue specimen,
子宮がん検診で
with years of specialized training
of mine at Rice University,
資料からです
is miniaturize that whole microscope
顕微鏡を小型化し
of an optical fiber.
取り付けられるようになりました
of taking a sample from a patient
サンプルを取って
to the patient.
読み取ってもらう代わりに
a specialist to look at the images,
normal versus cancerous cells.
正常な細胞と癌細胞を記録させます
working in rural communities,
こういうことが起きているからです
a mobile screening van
and perform exams
hospital for analysis,
with an abnormal test result
来院するようにと
because they can't afford the trip.
病院に来ることはないのです
and computer analysis,
コンピューター解析機器を持って
have been able to create a van
診断と治療を同時に行える
and a treatment setup.
is that they can do a diagnosis
miniaturization can save lives.
人命を救うほんの一例です
as straight-up miniaturization.
and you made it little.
for us to take them everywhere.
equivalent like that in medicine?
何にあたるでしょうか?
circulate in your body,
診断機器があったとしたら?
like science fiction.
allows us to do just that.
これを可能にするのです
the parts that make up the detector
診断機器の構成要素を
縮小出来ます
actually change their properties
into gold nanoparticles,
gold to looking red.
like cadmium selenide --
例えばセレン化カドミウムは—
out of this material
yellow, orange, red,
様々な色で光るのです
like that in the macro world?
ありえないですよね?
in your closet are all made of cotton,
素材はどれも綿100%だけど
depending only on their size.
色が違ってきちゃうようなものです
the color of materials
in your body also changes.
変化することです
that we're going to use
into the blood vessel
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
どのように移動するかを見てみましょう
of many tumors are leaky,
血管が穴だらけなので
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
depends on their size.
blue nanoparticles are leaking out,
青いナノ粒子が漏れ出していて
red nanoparticles
赤いナノ粒子は
or small I make a material,
コントロールすることができるのです
a cancer nanodetector
ナノサイズの癌診断機器を作りました
into the body and look for tumors.
本当に小さいのです
for tumor invasion:
デザインされており
that tumors need to make to spread.
奏でる響きを聞き分けます
of the tissue that it's born in,
出て増殖するには
the scaffolding of tissues.
to be activated by these enzymes.
ナノ粒子を作りました
of these chemical reactions in an hour.
1時間で千回も引き起こします
that one-to-a-thousand ratio
「1:1000比」と呼び
cancer detector.
超高感度の癌診断機器を作りました
signal to the outside world,
どのようにして人体外へ発信させ
one more piece of nanoscale biology,
ナノスケールの生物学が関係します
and put waste into the urine.
than five nanometers
through the kidney, into the urine,
そして尿へと排出されます
that's bigger is retained.
全て体内に留まります
cancer detector,
癌診断機器を作り
where it's activated by tumor enzymes
腫瘍酵素により活性化され
filtered out of the kidney
腎臓でろ過されて
that I can detect.
癌を検出できるのですが
that we designed as engineers.
and we can design them
合うように設計できます
with our tool of choice.
sensitive, fancy instrument
with a unique mass.
特有の質量を持った粒子を作ります
that's more inexpensive and portable.
作りたい場合は
that we can trap on paper,
world of paper tests
用いられるようになっています
in a field called paper diagnostics.
目指しているのでしょう?
to keep us pushing forward,
誰も突き進むことはできません
cancer researchers.
それが言えるのかもしれません
will happen with my technology,
全身全霊を傾けて
our hearts and souls
どんなことを実現したいのか
an expensive screening facility
尿検査を行うのです
ということはなくなるでしょう
on a smartphone.
診断できるようになるかもしれません
聞こえるかもしれませんが
have this working in mice,
マウスで実証されており
than existing methods
colon and ovarian cancer.
detect tumors in patients
早期発見できるようになること—
増殖してしまってからではなく—
after they've started growing,
to earlier treatments,
than we can today,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangeeta Bhatia - Physician, bioengineer and entrepreneurSangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation.
Why you should listen
Trained as both a physician and engineer at Harvard, MIT, and Brown University, Sangeeta Bhatia leverages 'tiny technologies' of miniaturization to yield inventions with new applications in tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, medical diagnostics, predictive toxicology and drug delivery. She and her trainees have launched more than 10 biotechnology companies to improve human health.
Bhatia has received many honors including the Lemelson-MIT Prize, known as the 'Oscar for inventors,' and the Heinz Medal for groundbreaking inventions and advocacy for women in STEM fields. She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, the Director of the Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Science and Brown University's Board of Trustees.
Sangeeta Bhatia | Speaker | TED.com