Sangeeta Bhatia: This tiny particle could roam your body to find tumors
Sangreeta Bhatia: Particula minusculă care ar putea explora corpul în căutarea tumorilor
Sangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation. Full bio
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to house one transistor,
un singur tranzistor
the size of an entire room
ce ocupa o cameră întreagă
revolution in computers.
de miniaturizare a calculatoarelor.
to reduce the number of lives lost
pentru a reduce numărul de decese
diseases on Earth:
cu cea mai rapidă răspândire de pe Pământ:
is that we're working on curing cancer.
că lucrăm pentru a vindeca cancerul.
opportunity to save lives
de a salva vieți
and prevention of cancer.
și prevenirea cancerului.
due to cancer are fully preventable
cauzate de cancer pot fi prevenite
have in hand today.
dispunem deja astăzi.
screening la timp
and technologies that we have today,
și tehnologii de care dispunem azi,
they've started growing,
după ce au început să crească,
cancer cells strong.
de celule canceroase.
tehnologie mai avansată
deadly cancers sooner,
tipurile de cancer mai agresiv,
miniaturization might get us there.
ne-ar putea ajuta în acest sens.
de laborator tipic,
for looking at a tissue specimen,
observă un eșantion de țesut,
sau un test Papanicolaou.
with years of specialized training
cu ani de experiență
celulelor canceroase.
of mine at Rice University,
de la o colegă
is miniaturize that whole microscope
au redus întregul microscop
unui teanc de monede
of an optical fiber.
unei fibre optice.
of taking a sample from a patient
un eșantion de la un pacient
to the patient.
direct la pacient.
a specialist to look at the images,
să examineze imaginile,
normal versus cancerous cells.
să numere celulele normale
working in rural communities,
lucrând cu comunități rurale,
a mobile screening van
de un laborator mobil
and perform exams
pentru a face analize,
hospital for analysis,
pentru a fi evaluate,
din cauza unor rezultate anormale
with an abnormal test result
because they can't afford the trip.
costurile de drum.
and computer analysis,
și analize computerizate,
have been able to create a van
au reușit să construiască un laborator
and a treatment setup.
pentru diagnosticare
is that they can do a diagnosis
diagnostica și trata
reexaminarea medicală.
miniaturization can save lives.
cum miniaturizarea poate salva vieți.
as straight-up miniaturization.
and you made it little.
cum calculatoarele
for us to take them everywhere.
încât să le putem purta oriunde.
equivalent like that in medicine?
transformări în medicină?
circulate in your body,
circula în organismul vostru,
like science fiction.
allows us to do just that.
ne permite să facem asta.
the parts that make up the detector
componentele unui detector
actually change their properties
își schimbă proprietățile
un material comun ca aurul:
into gold nanoparticles,
până devine nanoparticule de aur,
gold to looking red.
din auriu în roșiatic.
like cadmium selenide --
ca selenura de cadmiu --
out of this material
yellow, orange, red,
galben, portocaliu, roșu,
like that in the macro world?
asemănător în macrounivers?
in your closet are all made of cotton,
ar fi făcuți din bumbac,
depending only on their size.
în funcție de mărimea lor.
the color of materials
in your body also changes.
în corp se schimbă.
that we're going to use
de cancer mai performant.
din corpul vostru.
into the blood vessel
în vasele de sânge
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
din fluxul sanguin în tumoare.
of many tumors are leaky,
din multe tumori sunt permeabile,
from the bloodstream into the tumor.
din fluxul sanguin în tumoare.
depends on their size.
depinde de mărimea lor.
blue nanoparticles are leaking out,
de 100 de nanometri, pot trece,
red nanoparticles
de 500 de nanometri,
or small I make a material,
sau mic creez un material,
a cancer nanodetector
un nanodetector pentru cancer
into the body and look for tumors.
în corp în căutare de tumori.
for tumor invasion:
invazia tumorilor:
that tumors need to make to spread.
de care tumorile au nevoie
of the tissue that it's born in,
din țesutul în care a apărut,
numite enzime
the scaffolding of tissues.
to be activated by these enzymes.
să fie activate de enzime.
of these chemical reactions in an hour.
de reacții chimice într-o oră.
that one-to-a-thousand ratio
raport de unu-la-o-mie,
să fie ultrasensibil.
cancer detector.
de cancer ultrasensibil.
signal to the outside world,
semnalul activat la exterior,
one more piece of nanoscale biology,
un alt component nano-biologic
and put waste into the urine.
și să transporte deșeurile în urină.
than five nanometers
through the kidney, into the urine,
that's bigger is retained.
cancer detector,
de 100 de nanometri
where it's activated by tumor enzymes
unde e activat de enzimele tumorale
filtered out of the kidney
încât să fie filtrat de rinichi
that I can detect.
care poate fi detectat la exterior.
that we designed as engineers.
and we can design them
with our tool of choice.
cu instrumentul ales.
sensitive, fancy instrument
un instrument sensibil și elegant,
with a unique mass.
that's more inexpensive and portable.
ceva mai ieftin și portabil,
that we can trap on paper,
care pot fi prinse pe hârtie,
world of paper tests
de teste pe hârtie,
in a field called paper diagnostics.
numit diagnosticare pe hârtie.
to keep us pushing forward,
visuri care să ne stimuleze,
cancer researchers.
cercetătorii de cancer.
will happen with my technology,
că se va întâmpla cu tehnologia mea,
our hearts and souls
lucrăm din tot sufletul
an expensive screening facility
la un laborator scump
de urină pe hârtie.
on a smartphone.
de pe smartphone.
have this working in mice,
acest concept pe șoareci
than existing methods
decât alte metode
colon and ovarian cancer.
pulmonar, de colon și ovarian.
detect tumors in patients
depista tumorile pacienților
after they've started growing,
de când au început să crească,
to earlier treatments,
la tratamente timpurii
than we can today,
decât reușim în prezent,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangeeta Bhatia - Physician, bioengineer and entrepreneurSangeeta Bhatia is a cancer researcher, MIT professor and biotech entrepreneur who works to adapt technologies developed in the computer industry for medical innovation.
Why you should listen
Trained as both a physician and engineer at Harvard, MIT, and Brown University, Sangeeta Bhatia leverages 'tiny technologies' of miniaturization to yield inventions with new applications in tissue regeneration, stem cell differentiation, medical diagnostics, predictive toxicology and drug delivery. She and her trainees have launched more than 10 biotechnology companies to improve human health.
Bhatia has received many honors including the Lemelson-MIT Prize, known as the 'Oscar for inventors,' and the Heinz Medal for groundbreaking inventions and advocacy for women in STEM fields. She is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, the Director of the Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine at the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and an elected member of the National Academy of Engineering, the American Academy of Arts and Science and Brown University's Board of Trustees.
Sangeeta Bhatia | Speaker | TED.com