Eric Haseltine: What will be the next big scientific breakthrough?
エリック・ヘイゼルティン: 次なる科学の大発見とは?
Eric Haseltine applies discoveries about the brain to innovation and forecasting game-changing advances in science and technology. Full bio
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my passion for science.
皆さんと分かち合おうと思います
that takes baby steps.
科学のことではなく
that takes enormous leaps.
科学についてお話しします
成し遂げたようなことです
that turns the world on its head.
革新的な科学についてお話しします
about two ideas that might do this.
2つのアイデアについて間もなくお話しします
most are flat wrong,
往々にして完全に間違っていて
seldom have the impact
我々が期待するような効果は
two ideas in particular,
選んだ理由を説明するために
謎めいた出来事から始めます
compulsively thorough doctor
2つの病院を経営する―
ある1つのことを除き全く同じでした
soon after giving birth
at one of the clinics than at the other.
他方の3倍も高かったのです
what the difference was that caused this,
見つけ出そうとし
あらゆることを調べました
until he happened to autopsy a doctor
メスで創傷したときの感染が原因で
to those of the mothers who were dying.
婦人達のものと全く同じでした
get the same thing as new mothers?
同じことが起こるとは?
everything the doctor had done
病にかかる直前に 何を行っていたか
that he'd been autopsying a corpse.
行っていたことが分かったのです
in his wound that killed him?
死に至らしめたのでは?
for any connection he could
and dead mothers in his delivery room,
分娩室で死んだ母親との関係を調べ
with the high death rate,
after autopsying corpses in the morgue.
お産に立ち会っていたことです
the doctors' hands
to sterilize their hands,
手を消毒するよう指示すると
起こらなくなりました
had discovered infectious disease.
感染症を発見したのです
thought he was crazy,
彼の考えはおかしいと考えていました
and had for hundreds of years,
信じられてきたことが あったからです
called miasmas caused disease,
瘴気(しょうき)という匂いのある気体が
that you couldn't see.
というものだったからです
for Frenchman Louis Pasteur
フランス人のルイス・パスツールが
正しいことを証明しました
why milk and beer spoiled so often.
見出そうとしていました
could kill people in exactly the same way
センメルヴェイスの患者を
発見しました
to talk about tonight, in two ideas.
2つのアイデアについてお話ししましょう
that he was a revolutionary.
いかに革命的だったか見てきました
to a completely new world.
全く新たな世界を見せたこと
知られていましたが
that bacteria killed people.
知られていませんでした
that people kept close to their heart.
固く信じてきた考えを打ち砕いたのです
Bacteria killed people.
細菌が人を殺してきたのだと
I want to talk about tonight.
2つのアイデアに繋がります
to a completely new universe,
目を向けること
挑戦することです
to an entirely new world
全く新たな世界を見ることを可能にした
Bell Laboratory
生物学に用いる―
ここを去りました
were taking his brilliant inventions
彼の素晴らしい発明を使って
for figuring out
それは―
to see finer and finer details
今後も見ることが出来ないとされた―
or ever could be seen.
光学顕微鏡を作ることです
going to understand how cells work,
150th the size of a head of a pin
電荷を移動させるといった
called the law of physics,
is the thing called the diffraction limit.
回折限界と言うものがあります
when you go to a doctor's office,
病院での視力検査で
no matter how good glasses you have.
限界のようなものです
解決できないとされる問題でした
figured out how to take a tiny molecule
最高の光学顕微鏡の分解能よりも
the best microscope could see
are not so unbreakable after all."
できるのでは」
in his friend's living room.
顕微鏡を組み立てました
got different protein molecules
異なるタンパク質の分子を
to turn very, very fuzzy blurs
とても とても ぼやけた画像を
of unprecedented and startling clarity.
目を見張るような鮮明な画像を映し出しました
ノーベル賞を受賞しました
with unprecedented detail
前例のないほどの詳細さで
a better handle on things like cancer.
より扱いやすくになりました
Betzig was satisfied there?
ここで満足したと思いますか?
that he invented were just too slow.
動作が遅すぎたのです
if you take two very, very fine patterns
2つのとても微細な模様を取り出し
be able to see.
見えるようになるということです
to taking a really blurry image of a cell
とても不鮮明な細胞の画像に応用し
light patterns across it
完全に明瞭になるまで
光を様々な方向から当てたのです
we don't know what they're doing.
元気よく動き回っています
we'll have a better handle on life itself.
より上手に扱うことが出来るでしょう
green globs that you see?
that protect other molecules
hijack those to infect cells.
細胞に感染します
wormlike things moving around?
ミミズのようなものも見えますね?
also climb down those things
これにも取りついて
我々を病気にさせます
deep inside a cell,
動画で見ることが出来るようになり
of curing viral diseases like AIDS.
治癒できる可能性が大いに高まりました
our eyes to a completely new world.
見させてくれたことは 実に明らかです
any cherished beliefs.
打ち砕いたわけではありません
オーブリー・デ・グレイ博士に
squirming with an interesting idea:
間違いなく科学者たちをイライラさせました
think he's a crackpot.
彼は狂っていると思いました
consequence of living.
運命だと知っています
新陳代謝が起こり
what we call free radicals.
直ぐに作り出します
変異を引き起こし
there is something called immortality:
不死というものがあることを知っています
into giant walking malignant tumors.
なっているということですね
but could de Grey be on to something?
デ・グレイは何かに気づいたのでしょうか?
seeing him as a crackpot.
彼が狂っている人間には思えません
as a computer scientist,
コンピューター科学者として
in biology from Cambridge,
生物学の博士号を取得しており
some very significant work
and a bunch of other stuff.
いくつか発表しました
an antiaging foundation
seven different causes of aging,
私には とても妥当に思えます
of fixes for every single one of them.
熱心に探し求めています
is that our mitochondrial DNA mutates,
ミトコンドリアDNAの突然変異にあり
and our cells lose energy.
細胞はエネルギーを失っていきます
a convincing case,
遺伝子治療が可能と信じており
全く年をとりません
is going to revolutionize our lifespans.
起こそうとしているとは言っていません
and most of us are not lobsters.
大抵の人はロブスターではありませんからね
Darwins and Einsteins out there,
科学者がいると信じざるを得ません
alive today than during Darwin's time.
7倍にもなります
alive today as Einstein.
in the population has skyrocketed,
that there's one of them out there
生命の秘密を解明しようと
信じざるを得ませんし
and I don't know about you,
皆さんはどうか分かりませんが
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Haseltine - Author, futurist, innovatorEric Haseltine applies discoveries about the brain to innovation and forecasting game-changing advances in science and technology.
Why you should listen
Dr. Eric Haseltine is a neuroscientist and futurist who has applied a brain-centered approach to help organizations in aerospace, entertainment, healthcare, consumer products and national security transform and innovate. He is the author of Long Fuse, Big Bang: Achieving Long-Term Success Through Daily Victories. For five years, he wrote a monthly column on the brain for Discover magazine and is a frequent contributor to Psychology Today's web site, where his popular blog on the brain has garnered over 800,000 views. Haseltine received the Distinguished Psychologist in Management Award from the Society of Psychologists in Management and has published 41 patents and patent applications in optics, media and entertainment technology.
In 1992 he joined Walt Disney Imagineering to help found the Virtual Reality Studio, which he ultimately ran until his departure from Disney in 2002. When he left Disney, Haseltine was executive vice president of Imagineering and head of R&D for the entire Disney Corporation, including film, television, theme parks, Internet and consumer products.
In the aftermath of 9/11, Eric joined the National Security Agency to run its Research Directorate. Three years later, he was promoted to associate of director of National Intelligence, where he oversaw all science and technology efforts within the United States Intelligence Community as well as fostering development innovative new technologies for countering cyber threats and terrorism. For his work on counter-terrorism technologies, he received the National Intelligence Distinguished Service Medal in 2007.
Haseltine serves on numerous boards, and is an active consultant, speaker and writer. Over the past three years, he has focused heavily on developing innovation strategies and consumer applications for the Internet of Things, virtual reality and augmented reality.
Haseltine continues to do basic research in neuroscience, with his most recent publications focusing on the mind-body health connection and exploitation of big-data to uncover subtle, but important trends in mental and physical health.
Eric Haseltine | Speaker | TED.com