J.D. Vance: America's forgotten working class
J・D・ヴァンス: アメリカの「忘れられた労働者階級」の葛藤
Former Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I went to a nice restaurant,
行った時の事をよく覚えています
面接ディナーでした
the waitress walked around
I'll take some white wine."
「白ワインを少し」 と
or chardonnay?"
シャルドネが ございます」
stop with the fancy French words
and sauvignon blanc
that I would take the chardonnay,
the easiest one to pronounce for me.
それだけが理由でした
as a law student at Yale,
たくさんこういう経験しました
文化的には よそ者でしたから
I'm a cultural outsider.
or from San Francisco.
サンフランシスコ出身ではなく
struggling in a lot of ways,
of the broader struggles
たくさんの命を奪っています
and divorce have torn apart families.
離婚により家族が引き裂かれています
sense of pessimism that's moved in.
浸透しています
in these communities
死亡率が上昇している事を考え
for a lot of these folks,
人々の多くにとって
in their own communities,
直接の原因だという事を理解すれば
to that struggle.
目撃しながら育ちました
for a very long time.
共に生きてきました
that doesn't have a whole lot of money.
and even, sadly, my own mom.
悲しい事に 母も犠牲者の一人です
that I saw in my own family,
直面しましたが
by a lack of money,
ある時はお金がないこと
of access to resources and social capital
人間関係に基づく支援が得られないことで
大きな影響を与えました
when I was 14 years old
to happen to this kid?"
考えたとしたら
that I would have struggled
呼ぶ面で苦労するという
抽象的な用語ですが
that's very core
意識であり
育った子どもが
are going to live a better life,
もっといい生活ができるのか
可能になるか
to live a materially better existence,
in the circumstances where they came from.
止まるかを判断できるのです
we've learned, unfortunately,
期待するほどは進んでおらず
as we'd like it to be in this country,
ばらつきがあります
it's very geographically distributed.
実はそんなにひどい境遇ではないのです
and their part in the American Dream.
享受できる可能性が非常に高いのです
in southern Ohio,
オハイオ州南部では
that kids like that will rise.
in those parts of the country
economic or structural.
あるいは構造的な原因です
terrible economic trends,
like coal and steel
for folks to get ahead.
where the really talented people,
優秀な人々は
high-skilled work at home,
作るのではなく
or non-profit where they're from,
結果的に才能が流出します
and taking their talents with them.
in a lot of these communities,
the educational leg up
to have opportunities later in life.
妨げています
軽視する気はありません
these structural barriers.
育った環境をふり返ると
and my community,
それも重要だったのです
something else mattered.
but it was no less real.
同じぐらい現実的な問題でした
a very real sense of hopelessness
計り知れない失望感が
that their choices didn't matter.
無意味だと思い込み
no matter how hard they worked,
どんなに一生懸命努力して
they tried to get ahead,
ならないという絶望感です
to grow up around.
非常に困難で
to very conspiratorial places.
political issue that's pretty hot,
政治問題である
you might think that affirmative action
政治的な見解によって
賢明な方法かどうか
to promote diversity in the workplace
as a tool to hold people like you back.
抑え込むものだと考えがちです
a member of the white working class.
that isn't just about good or bad policy.
問題ではなく
that's actively conspiring,
and financial power
that conspiracy against you --
いろいろな陰謀論が
歪んでしまいます
when you grow up in that world,
どうしたらよいか考えた場合
勉強するのはやめよう
"I'm not going to work hard,
it's not going to matter."
求めるのは止めよう
after the traditional markers of success,
or a prestigious job,
about those things are unlike me.
自分とは違う境遇の人間だし
受け入れられないから」
a family member asked me
家族に聞かれました
to get by the admissions committee.
リベラルのふりをしたのか?」
that there was a liberal box to check
リベラルが付けるチェック欄など
insecurity in these places
様々な社会障壁を通過するために
to be somebody you're not
不安感を表しています
to that hopelessness,
and you want to make the good choices,
for yourself and for your family,
向上したいと思ったとしても
to even know what those choices are
そもそも どんな選択肢があるのか
in a community like I did.
to law school to be a lawyer.
知りませんでした
as research consistently tells us,
エリート大学は低所得層の子供にとって
have bigger endowments,
より多くの寄付金が集まり
from Yale for myself,
in need-based aid,
書いてあった時でした
初めて知りましたが
when I got that letter and said,
叔母に言いました
that for the first time in my life,
貧乏なおかげで
to that information
手に入れられなかったのは
didn't have access to that information.
その情報を得られなかったからです
how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
それも上手に撃つことを学びました
a damn good biscuit recipe.
作り方も学びました
is frozen butter, not warm butter.
凍ったバターを使うことです
教えてもらえませんでした
the good decisions
in this 21st century knowledge economy.
習いませんでした
that we gain from our informal networks,
つまり友人や同僚や家族から
and family "social capital."
「ソーシャルキャピタル」と呼びます
wasn't built for 21st century America,
21世紀のアメリカ社会では
that's really important that's going on
今も続いていて
doesn't like to talk about,
要は「トラウマ」のことですが
adverse childhood experiences,
for childhood trauma:
非常に高いのです
put down by a parent repeatedly,
怒鳴られたり 罵られたり
or abuse alcohol.
目撃するといった経験
of childhood trauma,
トラウマの例ですが
commonplace in my family.
commonplace in my family right now.
トラウマは現在だけのことではなく
were going to raise them in a way
a good wage in a steel mill.
まともな収入を稼げました
to a lot of the childhood trauma
トラウマを与えてしまったのです
my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
祖母が祖父に火をつけるところでした
家に帰ってきた事です
I'm gonna kill you."
殺してやる」 と
that that affects a child's mind.
想像してみてください
as especially rare,
片づけられそうですが
Children's Trust Fund found
児童信託基金の調査によると
multiple instances of childhood trauma,
トラウマを複数回 体験するのに対し
for upper-income kids.
わずか29%なのです
よく考えてみてください
instances of childhood trauma.
数回は体験するのです
to the kids who experience that life.
歩む人生は予測できます
more likely to go to jail,
刑務所に入る可能性も
to do to their children
自ら体験した事を
very worst gift to our children,
最悪の重荷であり
just another statistic,
寸前だった理由がわかります
from college, I went to law school,
ロースクールに行きました
is that my grandparents,
祖父母の存在です
of setting someone on fire fame,
自らの行いを改めたのです
by the time I came around.
家庭環境と家族を
to do the things that kids need,
その役割を果たしてくれました
did two things that really matter.
2つしてくれました
that allowed me to focus on homework
子供として必要なことに集中できる
should be focused on.
this incredibly perceptive woman,
祖母は中等教育さえ
a middle school education.
とても鋭い人で
僕に向けて発するメッセージ
that my community had for me,
気づいていました
負け犬になっちゃダメ
the deck is stacked against them.
that life wasn't fair.
世の中の不公平を認識してました
the reality that their choices matter.
これを両立させるのは難しいことです
to strike that balance.
うまく両立させたのです
was the United States Marine Corps.
アメリカ海兵隊です
もちろんその通りなのですが
as a military outfit, and of course it is,
人格を形成する
was a four-year crash course
洗濯をすること
how to do laundry,
自分のお金を管理すること
how to manage my finances.
学べなかったことです
my community didn't teach me.
to go buy a car for the very first time,
low, low interest rate of 21.9 percent,
「超低金利」を勧められて
to sign on the dotted line.
「おまえバカか
and get a better deal."
もっとましな契約をしろ」
to that knowledge.
a financial calamity, frankly.
家計は破綻していたでしょう
is that I had a lot of good fortune
僕は指導してくれる人や
an important role in my life.
エール大学
from Ohio State, from Yale,
that social capital gap
ソーシャルキャピタルを
apparently, that I had.
aren't going to have that good fortune,
子供たちも多く
really important questions for all of us
我々全員が考えるべき
how we're going to give low-income kids
低所得層の子供たちに
access to a loving home.
問う必要があります
to teach low-income parents
どうやって教えるか
with their children,
about how we give social capital,
指導力の恩恵を受けていない
who don't have it.
どう提供するか 問う必要があります
how we teach working class children
読解力や数学といった
and financial management.
問う必要があります
知っているわけではありません
to this problem,
全部知っているわけでもありません
anxiously awaiting their dad,
父親の帰りを待ち
when he comes through the door,
気をもんでいます
why she doesn't cook him dinner,
晩ご飯を作ってくれないのか
お腹をすかせて眠りにつきます
no hope for the future
将来への希望はないけれど
wants to live a better life.
より良い暮らしを求めています
to show it to them.
導いて欲しいだけなのです
starts asking better questions
なぜ僕がこれほど幸運だったのか
この国の子供たちに与える方法について
to more of our communities
問いを発しなければ
to have a very significant problem.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
J.D. Vance - AuthorFormer Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels.
Why you should listen
J.D. Vance grew up in the Rust Belt city of Middletown, Ohio, and the Appalachian town of Jackson, Kentucky. He enlisted in the Marine Corps after high school and served in Iraq. A graduate of the Ohio State University and Yale Law School, he has contributed to the National Review and is a principal at a leading Silicon Valley investment firm. He is the author of Hillbilly Elegy, a number one New York Times Best Seller. Vance lives in San Francisco with his wife and two dogs.
J.D. Vance | Speaker | TED.com