J.D. Vance: America's forgotten working class
J.D. Vance: Amerika elfeledett munkásosztálya
Former Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
I went to a nice restaurant,
jártam jó étteremben,
the waitress walked around
I'll take some white wine."
"Persze, fehérbort kérek."
or chardonnay?"
vagy chardonnay-t szeretne?"
stop with the fancy French words
elég a flancos francia szavakból,
and sauvignon blanc
és a sauvignon blanc
that I would take the chardonnay,
the easiest one to pronounce for me.
volt könnyebb kiejtenem.
as a law student at Yale,
I'm a cultural outsider.
nem vagyok bennfentes.
or from San Francisco.
sem nem San Franciscóból.
struggling in a lot of ways,
of the broader struggles
and divorce have torn apart families.
és válás szakítja szét a családokat.
sense of pessimism that's moved in.
in these communities
rájuk jellemző növekedésére,
for a lot of these folks,
in their own communities,
to that struggle.
for a very long time.
hasonló nehézségekkel.
that doesn't have a whole lot of money.
and even, sadly, my own mom.
sajnos, a mamámat is.
that I saw in my own family,
voltam tanúja sok nehézségnek:
by a lack of money,
of access to resources and social capital
hozzáférés hiánya okozott,
when I was 14 years old
14 éves koromban,
to happen to this kid?"
"Mi vár erre a gyerekre?",
that I would have struggled
hogy meggyűlt volna a bajom
that's very core
are going to live a better life,
gyerekek élete megjavul-e,
to live a materially better existence,
in the circumstances where they came from.
we've learned, unfortunately,
as we'd like it to be in this country,
sajnos, nem elég erős,
it's very geographically distributed.
elég jól elhelyezkednek,
and their part in the American Dream.
az amerikai álomban.
in southern Ohio,
az Appalache-tájékon, Dél-Ohióban
that kids like that will rise.
hasonlók fölemelkedjenek.
in those parts of the country
az amerikai álom
economic or structural.
gazdasági vagy szerkezeti.
terrible economic trends,
tendenciáktól szenvednek,
like coal and steel
és a kohászatra jellemzők.
for folks to get ahead.
where the really talented people,
miszerint a valóban tehetségesek,
magas képzettséget igénylő álláshoz,
high-skilled work at home,
or non-profit where they're from,
vagy hoznak létre nonprofit céget,
and taking their talents with them.
is magukkal viszik.
in a lot of these communities,
lezüllenek az iskolák,
the educational leg up
to have opportunities later in life.
hogy felnőttként helytálljanak.
these structural barriers.
and my community,
something else mattered.
but it was no less real.
de a tényező nem kevésbé valós.
a very real sense of hopelessness
that their choices didn't matter.
egyáltalán nem számítanak.
no matter how hard they worked,
they tried to get ahead,
to grow up around.
to very conspiratorial places.
political issue that's pretty hot,
you might think that affirmative action
egyetérthetnek vagy sem,
pozitív megkülönböztetés
to promote diversity in the workplace
inkább visszatartó erőnek hatna.
as a tool to hold people like you back.
a member of the white working class.
vagy rossz oldalát nézik,
that isn't just about good or bad policy.
that's actively conspiring,
and financial power
that conspiracy against you --
when you grow up in that world,
"I'm not going to work hard,
it's not going to matter."
after the traditional markers of success,
rangos állásra.
or a prestigious job,
about those things are unlike me.
otthon megkérdeztek:
a family member asked me
mintha liberális lennék?
to get by the admissions committee.
that there was a liberal box to check
"Liberális-e?" rovat,
insecurity in these places
to be somebody you're not
játszaniuk magukat
a kilátástalanság érzése,
to that hopelessness,
és jól akarunk dönteni,
and you want to make the good choices,
for yourself and for your family,
és családunk sorsán,
to even know what those choices are
hogy melyik útra lépjünk,
in a community like I did.
hogy jogász lehessek
to law school to be a lawyer.
hogy a legjobb egyetemeken
as research consistently tells us,
kevesebbe kerülnek,
have bigger endowments,
from Yale for myself,
in need-based aid,
sem ismertem azelőtt.
when I got that letter and said,
a nagynénimnek:
that for the first time in my life,
to that information
didn't have access to that information.
fegyverrel jól lőni,
how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
a damn good biscuit recipe.
is frozen butter, not warm butter.
le kell fagyasztani a vajat –,
hogyan kell boldogulni.
the good decisions
hogy kell helyesen dönteni
in this 21st century knowledge economy.
tudásgazdaság viszonyai között.
that we gain from our informal networks,
informálisan szerzett ismereteket.
and family "social capital."
wasn't built for 21st century America,
nem illett a XXI. századi Amerikához,
that's really important that's going on
doesn't like to talk about,
szólva – a negatív tapasztalatokba,
adverse childhood experiences,
for childhood trauma:
put down by a parent repeatedly,
kiabálnak velük,
or abuse alcohol.
of childhood trauma,
commonplace in my family.
e jelenségek nem új keletűek;
commonplace in my family right now.
were going to raise them in a way
a good wage in a steel mill.
to a lot of the childhood trauma
ahogy a nagyi fölgyújtja a nagypapát.
my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
hogy részegen jött haza,
I'm gonna kill you."
a hatása a gyerek tudatára.
that that affects a child's mind.
as especially rare,
Children's Trust Fund found
kutatása szerint
multiple instances of childhood trauma,
40%-át gyakran érik traumák.
for upper-income kids.
majdnem minden második gyereket
instances of childhood trauma.
az efféle traumákat átélt gyerekekkel:
to the kids who experience that life.
more likely to go to jail,
kerülnek börtönbe,
to do to their children
ugyanúgy fognak bánni,
very worst gift to our children,
a nemzedékek is egymásnak.
koromra minden adottságom,
just another statistic,
from college, I went to law school,
fölvettek a jogi karra,
is that my grandparents,
of setting someone on fire fame,
by the time I came around.
nyújtottak nekem.
to do the things that kids need,
lényeges tett köszönhető.
did two things that really matter.
nyugodtan tanulhattam,
that allowed me to focus on homework
ami egy gyereknek kell.
should be focused on.
this incredibly perceptive woman,
a middle school education.
azt próbálja elhitetni velem,
that my community had for me,
hogy az egész világ ellene van.
the deck is stacked against them.
hogy az élet igazságtalan.
that life wasn't fair.
hogy az élet igazságtalan,
the reality that their choices matter.
to strike that balance.
a tengerészgyalogosi szolgálatom is.
was the United States Marine Corps.
ez csak katonai szolgálat.
as a military outfit, and of course it is,
was a four-year crash course
how to do laundry,
helyzetemet rendben tartani.
how to manage my finances.
my community didn't teach me.
to go buy a car for the very first time,
21,9%-os hitelkamatra ajánlotta.
low, low interest rate of 21.9 percent,
to sign on the dotted line.
and get a better deal."
sokkal alacsonyabb a kamat."
to that knowledge.
a financial calamity, frankly.
is that I had a lot of good fortune
volt az életemben.
an important role in my life.
a Yale emberei,
from Ohio State, from Yale,
that social capital gap
apparently, that I had.
aren't going to have that good fortune,
really important questions for all of us
how we're going to give low-income kids
a szegény családok gyermekeinek
access to a loving home.
to teach low-income parents
with their children,
és házastársukkal?
about how we give social capital,
nekik, akik híján vannak?
who don't have it.
how we teach working class children
a munkásgyerekeket
and financial management.
pénzügyeik vitelére is.
mik a helyes megoldások,
to this problem,
anxiously awaiting their dad,
when he comes through the door,
tántorogva ér-e haza.
why she doesn't cook him dinner,
no hope for the future
reményt a jövőt illetően,
wants to live a better life.
to show it to them.
starts asking better questions
nem teszi föl a helyes kérdéseket,
többi gyerekének is sikerüljön,
to more of our communities
nem oldódik meg.
to have a very significant problem.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
J.D. Vance - AuthorFormer Marine and Yale Law School graduate J.D. Vance writes about how upward mobility really feels.
Why you should listen
J.D. Vance grew up in the Rust Belt city of Middletown, Ohio, and the Appalachian town of Jackson, Kentucky. He enlisted in the Marine Corps after high school and served in Iraq. A graduate of the Ohio State University and Yale Law School, he has contributed to the National Review and is a principal at a leading Silicon Valley investment firm. He is the author of Hillbilly Elegy, a number one New York Times Best Seller. Vance lives in San Francisco with his wife and two dogs.
J.D. Vance | Speaker | TED.com