Jennifer Pluznick: You smell with your body, not just your nose
ジェニファー・プラズニック: 私達は鼻だけでなく身体で匂いを感じ取っている
Jennifer Pluznick is on a mission to find out more about olfactory and other sensory receptors. Full bio
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do you think you can smell,
どれくらいだと思いますか
detect up to one trillion different odors.
1兆種だと推定されています
machinery to make it happen.
分子機械を持っているんです
to be activated by the odor,
like all vertebrates,
ヒトの体内にも
to genes for different olfactory receptors
多くの種類の嗅覚受容体遺伝子を
be doing something else
匂いを感知する以外に
しているのでしょうか?
uncovered the molecular identity
リチャード・アクセルは
led to a Nobel Prize.
were only found in the nose.
思われていましたが
receptor expressed in a tissue
嗅覚受容体が発現しているという
他にも同じような研究成果が
are found all over the body,
体中にあることが分かっています
unexpected places --
何をしているのでしょう?
act as sensitive chemical sensors
私達に匂いを感知させます
our sense of smell.
as sensitive chemical sensors
人体内のあらゆる箇所にあることが
detect the aroma of your morning coffee
肝臓が嗅ぎ取る
your morning coffee,
the change in concentration
through your bloodstream.
use chemical sensors,
of hormones, metabolites
そして他の分子の濃度を
are olfactory receptors.
そんな化学センサーの一種です
化学センサーが必要で
of a specific molecule,
2度手間になることなどしません
found outside the nose
express an olfactory receptor,
ヒト精子細胞を見てみましょう
will seek out the chemical
will swim toward the ligand.
リガンドに向かって泳ぎ進むのです
嗅ぎ分けているのでしょうか?
with the highest ligand concentration?
because it clearly demonstrates
化学センサーですが その使われ方は
is to be a chemical sensor,
implicated in muscle cell migration,
化学物質を感知して反応すること
and respond to inhaled chemicals,
傷の治癒にも一役買っている
to be found only in the tongue,
と思われていた味覚受容体は
in cells and tissues throughout the body.
と今では分かっています
also play a role in our blood vessels.
ある役割りをすると分かりました
of olfactory receptors and taste receptors
腎臓での働きを解明しようと
control center for homeostasis.
中央管理センターです
control center would be a logical place
化学物質感知器があることは
of different olfactory and taste receptors
in cells and tissues
in the regulation of blood pressure.
was found to respond
私達の腸内にいる細菌の集まり
short-chain fatty acids
that reside in your gut --
一群の化学物質に
by your gut microbiota,
into your bloodstream
血流に到達し
interact with receptors
in metabolism of your gut microbiota
腸内微生物叢の代謝に起こる変化は
of different olfactory and taste receptors
嗅覚受容体や味覚受容体を
to tease out their different functions
入念に調べ
each of them responds to.
少しずつ解明し始めたばかりで
for many other organs and tissues --
調べる仕事が待っています
has been studied to date.
まだ研究が終わっていないのです
of the scope of influence
身体への影響範囲に対する
to change our understanding
いくつかの領域に関する
of something we're following.
嗅ぎ取ったようです
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jennifer Pluznick - PhysiologistJennifer Pluznick is on a mission to find out more about olfactory and other sensory receptors.
Why you should listen
Jennifer Pluznick's fascination with understanding how interactions at the molecular level affect functions at the organismal level led her to pursue a Ph.D. in renal physiology from the University of Nebraska Medical Center. While researching kidney disease as part of her postdoc at Yale University, Pluznick came across scent receptors in the kidney. She initially wrote off this surprising finding as a fluke, but after taking a second look, she realized how important this discovery could be for understanding kidney function. Since 2010, Pluznick and her lab at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine have researched the role of the olfactory signaling system. Most recently, they’ve found a possible connection between the bacteria in your gut and how your kidney manages blood pressure.
Jennifer Pluznick | Speaker | TED.com