Oskar Eustis: Why theater is essential to democracy
오스카 유스티스(Oskar Eustis): 민주주의 사회에 극장이 반드시 필요한 이유
As the artistic director of New York's legendary Public Theater, Oskar Eustis nurtures new, groundbreaking works that shift the cultural conversation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
극장도 중요합니다.
art form of democracy,
필수적인 예술 형태입니다.
they were born in the same city.
탄생했기 때문입니다.
from the consent of the governed,
나와야한다는 생각은
from below to above,
아래에서 위로
legend has it, somebody named Thespis --
그 시기에 테스피스라는 사람이
the Festival of Dionysus gathered
아크로폴리스 한 켠에 모여
they would watch dancing,
as part of the Festival of Dionysus.
시간도 가졌습니다.
what's happening right now:
별반 다르지 않았습니다.
and you are receiving what I have to say.
제 이야기를 듣는 겁니다.
you may think I'm an insufferable fool,
제가 못 견디게 멍청하다고 생각하거나
taking place inside your own head.
일어나고 있는 것입니다.
instead of me talking to you --
다른 사람이 말한다면요?
onstage with me?
이야기하면 어떨까요?
I'm not the possessor of truth;
더 이상 진리가 아니라
conflict -- they disagree with me.
그들은 나와 생각이 달라요.
two points of view.
is that the truth can only emerge
다양한 관점들의 갈등 속에서만
of different points of view.
있는 것이 아니라요.
you have to believe that.
저것도 믿으셔야 합니다.
you're an autocrat
민주주의를 참아주고 있는
points of views leads to the truth.
진실로 안내해준다는 것이요.
and listen to me.
제 말을 들어달라고 하는 게 아니라
부탁드리고 있습니다.
to me as a character.
시야가 어떨지를요.
to switch your mind
to the other person talking.
상상해 보시라고 하고 있어요.
부탁드리고 있어요.
from the collision of different ideas
충돌에서 나온다는 생각과
for democratic citizenship.
필수적인 도구입니다.
that when you go to the movies,
영화관에 갔을 때
and if it's empty, you're delighted,
기분이 좋습니다.
between you and the movie.
없게 되니까요.
over the top of the stadium seats,
극장에 온 것이기 때문입니다.
the collective experience
극장에 왔던 거예요.
holding your breath together
다음에 무슨 일이 일어날지
as an individual consumer,
들어섰을지 모르지만
of yourself as part of a whole,
공동체의 일부가 된 기분을 안고
각인되어 있는 겁니다.
Joe Papp decided
everybody in the United States of America,
있어야 한다고 생각했습니다.
to try to deliver on that promise.
자신의 사명이라 생각했죠.
is based on a very simple idea,
공연을 만들었어요.
the best art that we can produce,
최상의 예술은
and belong to everybody,
있어야 한다는 생각이었죠.
최고의 공연을 보기 위해
we can provide for free.
after he figured that out,
13년이 지난 1967년에
circle was not complete
없다는 것이었어요.
create their own classics
무대를 차지할 수 있게 해야 했어요.
downtown on Astor Place,
퍼블릭 시어터를 지었어요.
was the world premiere of "Hair."
세계 초연된 "헤어"였습니다.
that wasn't Shakespeare.
공연을 상영한 것이었어요.
that it was as if Mr. Papp took a broom
파프 씨가 빗자루를 들어
from the East Village streets
공립극장으로
he was so proud of it.
걸어놓고 자랑스럽게 여겼어요.
the next years with amazing shows like
이런 대단한 작품들을 공연했습니다.
Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf,"
생각한 흑인 소녀들"
example I can think of:
가장 훌륭한 작품은
about the AIDS crisis,
분노의 절규를 맹렬히 내뱉은
that play in 1985,
in the New York Times
에이즈에 관한 정보가
in the previous four years.
실렸던 것 보다 더 많았거든요.
the dialogue about AIDS
파프가 제작함으로써
뒤바꾸고 있었어요.
on Tony Kushner's "Angels in America,"
아메리카"를 맡은 적이 있었습니다.
and along with "Normal Heart,"
같이 작업하면서
was actually shifting,
실감할 수 있었습니다.
바꾸는 데 극장이 일조하고 있었습니다.
in the United States.
at the Public in 2005,
일을 제가 맡게 되었을 때
was a victim of our own success,
인해 생긴 피해자라는 걸 깨달았어요.
had been founded as a program for access,
접근성을 높이기 위해 만들었는데
to get in New York City.
연극이 되어버렸습니다.
to get those tickets.
밖에서 노숙했어요.
98 percent of the population
못하게 만들었어요.
to homeless shelters,
and Westchester County.
가져갔습니다.
that we knew intuitively:
느껴왔던 걸 증명해주었어요.
is as powerful as their desire for food
음식이나 물에 대한 갈망만큼이나
and we've continued it.
아직도 하고 있습니다.
that we realized we weren't crossing,
장벽이 하나 더 있었어요.
from being a commodity, an object,
어떻게 그 본연의 모습인
돌려놓을 수 있을까?
of the amazing Lear deBessonet,
리어 드바소네 씨의 지휘 하에
musical pageants,
뮤지컬 대회를 개최하고 있습니다.
actors and musicians
and domestic workers
and recently incarcerated prisoners,
사회 복지 프로그램일 뿐 아니라
that artistry is not something
예술적 재능은 소수의 사람들만
in being a human being.
천부적으로 지니고 있는 것입니다.
이 재능을 사용하는 것이죠.
a lot more of our lives practicing it.
나오기도 합니다.
of the foundational story of this country
아버지 중 유일하게 서인도 제도 출신의
Father who was a bastard immigrant orphan
시각으로 바라본 미국의 건국사를
the language of the people,
who spoke the language.
고귀하게 만들어주었습니다.
with a cast of black and brown people,
for the United States,
of the American Dream.
포용력을 되찾게 해주는 것이었습니다.
a wave of patriotism in me
is proving to be insatiable.
꺼지지 않고 불타오릅니다.
and it's where I want to end,
또 다른 모습이 있습니다.
I want to talk about.
싶은 이야기입니다.
that Vice President-elect Pence
"해밀턴"을 보러
들어본 적 있으실 거예요.
some of my fellow New Yorkers booed him.
일부 시민들이 야유를 퍼부었습니다.
respectful statement from the stage,
메시지를 읽어주었고,
listened to it,
of outrage, a tweetstorm,
트위터에서도 난리가 났죠.
불매 운동도 일어났습니다.
we had treated him with disrespect.
느낀 사람들에게서요.
we're getting something wrong here.
이거 뭔가 잘못됐어.
this boycott petition,
"Hamilton" anyway.
to a city near them.
공연 올 일이 없으니까.
they couldn't afford a ticket,
표를 살 돈이 없을거야.
they didn't have the connections
electoral map of the United States,
선거인단 지도를 보시면,
cultural institutions,"
exactly what the economy,
경제와, 교육 제도,
what technology has done,
on a large part of the country.
it has to keep going.
노력은 계속돼야 합니다.
Pulitzer Prize-winning play "Sweat."
공연 투어를 돌 겁니다.
led her to write this play
레딩에서 조사하고 연구하여 쓴
of Pennsylvania:
관한 연극입니다.
and we're touring it
그 연극을 공연할 겁니다.
organizations there to try and make sure
우리가 접근하려는 사람들과
that we're trying to reach,
to listen to them back
강구하고 있습니다.
is here for you, too."
"여러분도 문화 생활을 할 수 있어요"
that we don't know what our job is.
할 권리가 없어요.
DNA 안에 있거든요.
as 'twere, a mirror to nature;
"자연을 거울에 비추어 보이는 일이다.
보여주는 것이니까."
a vision to America
미래상을 제시하는 것입니다.
who all of us are individually,
the commonality that we need to be,
결합시킨 미래상을요.
as well as we can.
노력해야 하는 일입니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Oskar Eustis - Theater directorAs the artistic director of New York's legendary Public Theater, Oskar Eustis nurtures new, groundbreaking works that shift the cultural conversation.
Why you should listen
Throughout his career, Oskar Eustis has been dedicated to the development of new plays and the classics as a director, dramaturg and producer. Among the plays he's helped bring into being, you can count Angels in America, the Tony-winning Hamilton and Fun Home, with more new work constantly on the bubble. Throughout his career, he has also produced and directed Shakespeare in venues around the US, from prisons to Broadway, including The Public's 2017 free Shakespeare in the Park staging of Julius Ceasar that generated a national conversation.
Eustis has also directed the world premieres of plays by Philip Kan Gotanda, David Henry Hwang, Emily Mann, Suzan-Lori Parks, Ellen McLaughlin and Eduardo Machado, among many others. He's a professor of dramatic writing and arts and public policy at New York University and has held professorships at UCLA, Middlebury College and Brown University, where he founded and chaired the Trinity Rep/Brown University consortium for professional theater training. He has been Artistic Director of The Public Theater in New York since 2005.
Oskar Eustis | Speaker | TED.com