Nancy Rabalais: The "dead zone" of the Gulf of Mexico
Nancy Rabalais: A "zona morta" do Golfo do México
Nancy Rabalais has studied coastal marine ecosystems for more than 40 years now and loves to share that knowledge. Full bio
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of one of the largest rivers in the world:
de um dos maiores rios do mundo,
as the state of Minnesota,
into the Gulf of Mexico.
no Golfo do México.
to what is in that water.
sobre o que essa água contém.
molecules, nitrogen and phosphorus.
dissolvidas de azoto e fósforo.
de um processo biológico,
of areas called dead zones.
chamadas "zonas mortas".
nos sedimentos.
called phytoplankton.
microscópicas, chamadas fitoplâncton.
eat the phytoplankton,
que comem o fitoplâncton,
large fish eat the small fish
os peixes grandes comem os peixes pequenos
pela cadeia alimentar acima.
nitrogen and phosphorus right now,
há demasiado azoto e fósforo,
falling to the bottom
a depositar-se no fundo
that use up the oxygen.
que consomem o oxigénio.
from the surface of the water,
à superfície da água,
em imagens de satélite,
que está lá?
and drags for 20 minutes
arrasta-as durante 20 minutos
if this area is 8,000 square miles big?
tem 20 000 quilómetros quadrados?
do estado de Nova Jersey.
a decision to go further,
to high-tech equipment
a equipamento de alta tecnologia
of the research vessel,
ao navio de pesquisa
and many more things.
e muitas outras coisas.
all the way to Texas,
até chegarmos ao Texas
every now and then and test their waters.
para testar as águas.
of everything that's less than two,
de tudo o que seja menos de dois,
for when the fish start to leave the area.
o peixe começa a abandonar a área.
that we have to deploy offshore
que colocamos ao largo
of low oxygen or high oxygen.
de baixo ou alto nível de oxigénio.
there's a lot of fish.
há imensos peixes.
todos os tipos de peixes,
the barracuda that I saw one day.
a barracuda, que vi uma vez.
and I went this way with my camera.
mas eu fui com a minha câmara.
you start to see fewer fish.
começamos a ver menos peixes.
there's no life swimming around.
não há vida a nadar por ali.
between the middle of the United States
e o Golfo do México?
é terra agrícola,
and the phosphorus goes on the land
e o fósforo penetram na terra,
nitrogen in the water
and more sinking sails and lower oxygen.
mais barcos abatidos, oxigénio mais baixo.
it's been caused by human activities.
é provocada pelas atividades humanas.
and prairie potholes
e zonas húmidas,
this type of agriculture
este tipo de agricultura
maybe precision fertilizing.
talvez fertilizantes de precisão
uma agricultura sustentável
which has much longer roots
do que os 15 cm de uma planta de milho,
and keep the soil from running off.
e impedir que a terra fuja.
our neighbors to the north,
os nossos vizinhos do norte,
with water quality in the Gulf of Mexico?
estão a causar problemas
no Golfo do México?
to their own backyard.
o que se passa na terra deles.
in Wisconsin in the summer
no Wisconsin, no verão,
and smells like it,
e tem o mesmo cheiro
tóxica, azul esverdeada
couple of summers ago
aqui há uns verões,
of this blue-green algae
com estas algas azuis esverdeadas
couldn't use it for their drinking water
não pôde usar a água para beber
are having trouble with drinking water.
estão a ter problemas com a água potável.
I publish my results,
publico as minhas conclusões,
I get citations of my work.
os meus trabalhos são citados,
que, enquanto cientista,
to do the research,
para a investigação,
e com os congressistas
hopefully to make better decisions
a tomar as melhores decisões
is I brought in the media.
é por intermédio dos "media".
from the "Washington Post"
do "Washington Post"
two inches above the fold.
5 cm abaixo da dobra.
da Louisiana, disse:
the Gulf of Mexico looks like?"
o Golfo do México tem este aspeto?"
there's the proof."
A prova é essa.
Senator Olympia Snowe from Maine
o Senador Olympia Snowe, do Maine,
algal blooms in the Gulf of Maine.
nocivas no Golfo do Maine.
congressional testimony,
testemunho no Congresso.
is chase crabs around south Texas,
caranguejos no sul do Texas.
Hipoxia e do Controlo
and Control Act of 1998.
the Snowe-Breaux Bill.
a Lei Snowe-Breaux.
that we had a conference in 2001
uma conferência em 2001,
the National Academy of Sciences
na Academia Nacional de Ciências
nitrogen and poor water quality.
e a fraca qualidade da água.
was the former governor
foi a antiga governadora
when she peered at the audience,
quando espreitou para a audiência
"Surely she's looking at me."
"Certamente, está à minha procura".
of this thing being called New Jersey.
de isto se chamar Nova Jersey.
I just don't want to hear it anymore."
eu não quero ouvir falar mais disso".
George H. W. Bush,
pela política federal.
your nitrogen footprint.
every now and then --
de vez em quando.
nonethanol gas in
a gás sem etanol
that can make a difference.
que podem fazer a diferença.
não só a todos vocês,
especially in the Midwest --
em especial no Midwest,
and how you can make a difference.
e como podem fazer a diferença.
muito pequenos.
of agriculture in the US
de agricultura nos EUA
and social will for that to happen.
e social para que isso aconteça.
we can translate the science,
que podemos traduzir a ciência,
a difference in our environment.
a diferença no nosso ambiente.
para o conseguir
these dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
no Golfo do México.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nancy Rabalais - Marine scientist, educatorNancy Rabalais has studied coastal marine ecosystems for more than 40 years now and loves to share that knowledge.
Why you should listen
Nancy Rabalais has worked in Louisiana ever since she got her PhD in 1983, studying aspects of marine ecology relevant to environmental health. As she writes: "I work on areas called 'dead zones' that are coastal waters lacking in oxygen in which animals such as fish, shrimp and crabs cannot live. I am also, since 2011, studying the long-term effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on coastal waters and Louisiana wetlands.
"I fell in love with biology in the 8th grade and then marine biology in college. My education was not quite the typical 'academic' training. I worked my way through college, beginning at a two-year college, a regional university for my BS and MS, then worked at the University of Texas Marine Science Institute in Port Aransas, Texas, for three years. My desire for further education sent me back to work on my PhD at The University of Texas at Austin. My first job as a PhD was at the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, starting in 1983. I am now a professor and Shell Endowed Chair of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences at Louisiana State University."
Nancy Rabalais | Speaker | TED.com