Niti Bhan: The hidden opportunities of the informal economy
Нити Бхан: Скрытые возможности теневой экономики
Through exploratory and human-centered research, Niti Bhan discovers and makes tangible pragmatic opportunities for sustainable and inclusive value creation. Full bio
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are stereotypically seen
the word "informal"
association we have,
and economic losses,
и выражается в экономических потерях,
40 to 60 percent of the profit margin
the informal trade ecosystem,
неофициальной торговой экосистемы
on cross-border trade in East Africa,
торговле в Восточной Африке
to understand what was the problem,
к исследованию вопроса о том,
in the informal sector.
продолжает относиться к теневому сектору.
over the last 20 years was,
что за последние 20 лет
between illicit --
между незаконным бизнесом —
in the informal sector --
в неформальном секторе —
но незарегистрированным бизнесом,
апельсинов и других фруктов.
«биашара», то есть торговля или коммерция,
which is the trade or the commerce,
означающим контрабанду, —
the smuggling or contraband --
of the informal sector,
between these aspects,
в этих аспектах в английском
between 60 to 80 percent addition
экономике от 60 до 80 процентов надбавок
at four times the rate
растут в четыре раза быстрее,
как многие её называют.
generation opportunities
для трудоустройства и получения доходов
in conventional disciplines.
в общепринятых профессиях.
machine out of an old car?
в автомат для жарки картошки фри?
to be recognized.
hold that this is criminal,
стереотипов о том, что это преступление,
the informal economic ecosystem
неформальную экономическую экосистему
all our assumptions,
изменила наш взгляд на вещи,
that we'd gone in on,
in a town called Malaba,
под деревом в городе Малаба
from the branches,
wait for customers,
ждать клиентов,
according to the literature,
о чём мы читали в литературе,
mom driven to trade,
матерью-одиночкой, вынужденной торговать
government market fees
рыночные взносы государству
up shop under her tree.
под своим деревом.
by the side of the road -- no.
на обочине дороги — нет.
who's keeping sales records for years;
данные о продажах годами;
of retail that comes in from Uganda
розничной торговли продукции из Уганды,
bringing the goods in,
who comes to collect cash
забирающий выручку
Teresia spends, on average,
сколько в среднем Терезия тратит
that she gets from Nairobi?
invested in trade goods and services
вложенных в торговые товары и услуги
of the small entrepreneurs,
мелких предпринимателей,
in these market towns.
в этих рыночных городах.
she's at the first rung.
она находится на первой ступеньке.
three lines of business,
направлениями бизнеса,
US dollars every month.
от 2 500 до 3 000 долларов США.
that it wasn't the criminalization;
не в криминализации;
you're charging receipts from.
кому вы выставляете счёт.
of their skilled occupations.
их квалифицированной деятельности.
have no means to recognize them
не имеют возможности признать их
a forwarding address.
наших предубеждений.
of our assumptions.
to help African women traders?
африканским женщинам-торговцам?
50 dollars or 100 dollars.
50 или 100 долларов.
that amount every month
the additional services
neither the policy stereotype
ни политическому стереотипу
маргинальной среде,
salaried office worker
с ежемесячным окладом
are allegedly composed of.
формироваться средний класс.
are the proto-SMEs
прототип малого бизнеса,
of businesses and enterprises
бизнеса и предприятий,
the invisible ones --
the candlestick makers --
производители подсвечников —
that make your french fries
trading across borders,
торгующие через границы
to data gatherers.
для собирателей данных.
with the vast informal sector
неформальным сектором,
between smugglers and tax evaders
контрабандиста, уклониста от налогов
and send their kids to university.
и отправляющих своих детей в университет.
the skills, the occupations?
их навыков, их деятельности?
by beginning with this recognition
неформальную экономику с признания
doorways for them to enter
способов интеграции этих людей
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Niti Bhan - Human-centered strategistThrough exploratory and human-centered research, Niti Bhan discovers and makes tangible pragmatic opportunities for sustainable and inclusive value creation.
Why you should listen
Niti Bhan is a global nomad whose life mission is to bridge the gap of understanding between cultures, contexts and continents. She brings a multicultural perspective to innovation for the informal economies of the emerging markets of the developing world. She is the founder and principal of Emerging Futures Lab, a multidisciplinary team of human-centered researchers, designers, engineers and economists who collaborate on design and innovation strategies for social impact and sustainable profit in the emerging consumer markets of sub-Saharan Africa.
Growing up as a third culture kid in the ASEAN of the 1970s exposed Bhan to the British and American systems of primary and secondary education whilst her university education in Engineering (Bangalore University), Design (National Institute of Design, India & the Institute of Design, IIT Chicago), and Business (majoring in Strategy at the Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh) gave her the experience of living and working across cultures and continents. Emerging Futures Lab came to life in San Francisco in 2005, operated between Singapore, the Netherlands, and East Africa from 2007 through 2013, and is now an established SME in Finland.
Niti Bhan | Speaker | TED.com