Niti Bhan: The hidden opportunities of the informal economy
Niti Bhan: Les opportunités cachées de l'économie informelle
Through exploratory and human-centered research, Niti Bhan discovers and makes tangible pragmatic opportunities for sustainable and inclusive value creation. Full bio
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are stereotypically seen
sont, selon le stéréotype,
the word "informal"
association we have,
and economic losses,
et pertes économiques ;
40 to 60 percent of the profit margin
est ainsi retranché,
the informal trade ecosystem,
l'écosystème commercial informel,
documentaire approfondie
on cross-border trade in East Africa,
sur le commerce transfrontalier
sur 20 ans.
to understand what was the problem,
pour comprendre
in the informal sector.
dans ce secteur.
over the last 20 years was,
sur ces 20 dernières années,
between illicit --
la distinction entre ce qui est illicite,
in the informal sector --
dans le secteur informel,
les oranges, les fruits.
which is the trade or the commerce,
« biashara », ou commerce,
the smuggling or contraband --
ou contrebande,
of the informal sector,
du secteur informel,
between these aspects,
n'existe pas en anglais,
between 60 to 80 percent addition
de 60 à 80% de la progression
le moteur
at four times the rate
quatre fois plus d'emplois
traditionnelle
beaucoup la désignent.
generation opportunities
et de génération de revenus
in conventional disciplines.
dans des domaines conventionnels.
machine out of an old car?
à partir d'une vieille voiture ?
to be recognized.
d'être reconnu.
hold that this is criminal,
ce sera considéré comme criminel,
the informal economic ecosystem
l'écosystème économique informel
de Teresia,
all our assumptions,
qui a renversé toutes nos hypothèses,
that we'd gone in on,
d'analyse documentaire.
in a town called Malaba,
un arbre à Malaba, une ville
l'Ouganda et du Kenya.
c'est très simple, non ?
from the branches,
vêtements aux branches,
wait for customers,
attendre les clients
according to the literature,
nous attendions
mom driven to trade,
une mère célibataire
pour soutenir ses enfants.
nos hypothèses ?
government market fees
de marché au gouvernement local
up shop under her tree.
boutique sous son arbre.
d'une commerçante africaine
by the side of the road -- no.
who's keeping sales records for years;
de ventes depuis des années,
of retail that comes in from Uganda
de commerce de détail provenant d'Ouganda
bringing the goods in,
pour la marchandise,
who comes to collect cash
qui vient chercher l'argent
Teresia spends, on average,
Teresia dépense, en moyenne,
that she gets from Nairobi?
qu'elle reçoit de Nairobi ?
invested in trade goods and services
en biens et services commerciaux
of the small entrepreneurs,
des petits entrepreneurs,
in these market towns.
trouve dans ces villes de marché.
she's at the first rung.
de Malaba, elle est au premier échelon.
dans la chaîne de valeur
three lines of business,
trois secteurs d'activité,
US dollars every month.
3000 dollars par mois.
that it wasn't the criminalization;
ce n'était pas la criminalisation ;
you're charging receipts from.
une personne que vous facturez.
of their skilled occupations.
de ces emplois spécialisés.
have no means to recognize them
aucun moyen de les reconnaître
a forwarding address.
of our assumptions.
du filet, de nos hypothèses.
to help African women traders?
aide les commerçantes africaines ?
50 dollars or 100 dollars.
that amount every month
chaque mois,
the additional services
les services supplémentaires
neither the policy stereotype
au stéréotype des politiques
et marginalisées,
salaried office worker
employé de bureau salarié
are allegedly composed of.
are the proto-SMEs
of businesses and enterprises
the invisible ones --
les personnes invisibles,
the candlestick makers --
that make your french fries
friteuses pour vos frites
trading across borders,
qui font des affaires à la frontière,
to data gatherers.
les collecteurs de données.
with the vast informal sector
le vaste secteur informel
between smugglers and tax evaders
entre passeurs, fraudeurs fiscaux
and send their kids to university.
envoyer leurs enfants à l'université.
the skills, the occupations?
les compétences, les métiers ?
by beginning with this recognition
informelle par cette reconnaissance,
doorways for them to enter
adaptés pour leur permettre
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Niti Bhan - Human-centered strategistThrough exploratory and human-centered research, Niti Bhan discovers and makes tangible pragmatic opportunities for sustainable and inclusive value creation.
Why you should listen
Niti Bhan is a global nomad whose life mission is to bridge the gap of understanding between cultures, contexts and continents. She brings a multicultural perspective to innovation for the informal economies of the emerging markets of the developing world. She is the founder and principal of Emerging Futures Lab, a multidisciplinary team of human-centered researchers, designers, engineers and economists who collaborate on design and innovation strategies for social impact and sustainable profit in the emerging consumer markets of sub-Saharan Africa.
Growing up as a third culture kid in the ASEAN of the 1970s exposed Bhan to the British and American systems of primary and secondary education whilst her university education in Engineering (Bangalore University), Design (National Institute of Design, India & the Institute of Design, IIT Chicago), and Business (majoring in Strategy at the Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh) gave her the experience of living and working across cultures and continents. Emerging Futures Lab came to life in San Francisco in 2005, operated between Singapore, the Netherlands, and East Africa from 2007 through 2013, and is now an established SME in Finland.
Niti Bhan | Speaker | TED.com