Mission Blue II
Thomas Peschak: Dive into an ocean photographer's world
Thomas Peschak: Ponorte sa s fotografom do jeho oceánskeho sveta
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Víriace raje, rýchle delfíny, hmýriace sa húfy rýb a nenásytné žraloky – len málo ľudí má možnosť uvidieť ich svet pod hladinou oceánu. Fotograf-ochranár Thomas Peschak navštevuje úžasné miesta svetových morí a odhaľuje ich skryté ekosystémy na fotografiách. „Nemôžete niečo milovať a bojovať za to, ak neviete, že to jestvuje,“ hovorí. Pridajte sa k Thomasovi v novom pútavom formáte TED a podelí sa s vami o svoju prácu a sen o budúcnosti, úcte a koexistencii s oceánom.
Thomas Peschak - Conservation photographer
Thomas Peschak strives to merge photojournalism and cutting edge science to create powerful media projects that tackle critical marine conservation issues. Full bio
Thomas Peschak strives to merge photojournalism and cutting edge science to create powerful media projects that tackle critical marine conservation issues. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As a kid, I used to dream about the ocean.
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Keď som bol malý, sníval som o oceáne.
00:15
It was this wild place
full of color and life,
full of color and life,
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O tom divokom mieste
plnom farieb a života,
plnom farieb a života,
00:19
home to these alien-looking,
fantastical creatures.
fantastical creatures.
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domove fantastických tvorov
ako z inej planéty.
ako z inej planéty.
00:23
I pictured big sharks
ruling the food chain
ruling the food chain
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Videl som žraloky na čele
potravinového reťazca
potravinového reťazca
00:25
and saw graceful sea turtles
dancing across coral reefs.
dancing across coral reefs.
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aj pôvabné morské korytnačky,
tancujúce nad koralovým útesom.
tancujúce nad koralovým útesom.
00:28
As a marine biologist turned photographer,
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Keď sa z morského biológa stal fotograf,
00:30
I've spent most of my career
looking for places
looking for places
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väčšinu svojej práce som strávil
hľadaním miest
hľadaním miest
00:33
as magical as those I used
to dream about when I was little.
to dream about when I was little.
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takých magických ako v mojich
detských predstavách.
detských predstavách.
00:37
As you can see,
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Ako vidíte,
00:38
I began exploring bodies of water
at a fairly young age.
at a fairly young age.
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vodný svet som začal objavovať
v pomerne mladom veku.
v pomerne mladom veku.
00:41
But the first time
I truly went underwater,
I truly went underwater,
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Ale prvé ozajstné potápanie prišlo,
00:43
I was about 10 years old.
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keď som mal desať.
00:44
And I can still vividly remember
furiously finning
furiously finning
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A stále si živo pamätám,
ako strmhlavo plávam
ako strmhlavo plávam
00:47
to reach this old, encrusted
cannon on a shallow coral reef.
cannon on a shallow coral reef.
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k starému, obrastenému delu
na plytkom koralovom útese.
na plytkom koralovom útese.
00:50
And when I finally managed
to grab hold of it,
to grab hold of it,
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Keď som sa ho konečne dotkol,
00:53
I looked up, and I was instantly
surrounded by fish
surrounded by fish
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pozrel som hore a všade naokolo boli ryby,
00:56
in all colors of the rainbow.
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hýriace všetkými farbami.
00:58
That was the day
I fell in love with the ocean.
I fell in love with the ocean.
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V ten deň som sa zamiloval do oceánu.
01:00
Thomas Peschak
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Thomas Peschak,
01:02
Conservation Photographer
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ochranár a fotograf.
01:04
In my 40 years on this planet,
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Počas 40 rokov na tejto planéte
01:06
I've had the great privilege to explore
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som mal tú obrovskú česť skúmať
01:08
some of its most incredible seascapes
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niektoré z najúžasnejších miest v mori
01:10
for National Geographic Magazine
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pre časopis National Geographic
01:12
and the Save Our Seas Foundation.
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a nadáciu Save Our Seas.
01:14
I've photographed everything
from really, really big sharks
from really, really big sharks
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Fotografoval som všetko
od naozaj veľkých žralokov
od naozaj veľkých žralokov
01:17
to dainty ones that fit
in the palm of your hand.
in the palm of your hand.
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až po tie drobnučké, čo skryjete do dlane.
01:20
I've smelled the fishy, fishy breath
of humpback whales
of humpback whales
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Cítil som riadne rybací dych
vráskavcov dlhoplutvých,
vráskavcov dlhoplutvých,
01:23
feeding just feet away from me
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ktoré sa kŕmili kúsok odo mňa
01:25
in the cold seas off Canada's
Great Bear Rainforest.
Great Bear Rainforest.
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v chladnom mori pri Veľkom
medveďom pralese v Kanade.
medveďom pralese v Kanade.
01:28
And I've been privy to the mating rituals
of green sea turtles
of green sea turtles
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Nahliadol som do páriacich rituálov
karety obrovskej
karety obrovskej
01:31
in the Mozambique Channel.
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v Mozambickom prielive.
01:32
Everyone on this planet affects
and is affected by the ocean.
and is affected by the ocean.
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Všetci na Zemi ovplyvňujeme oceán
a oceán ovplyvňuje nás.
a oceán ovplyvňuje nás.
01:36
And the pristine seas
I used to dream of as a child
I used to dream of as a child
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Panenské moria, o ktorých
som sníval ako dieťa,
som sníval ako dieťa,
01:38
are becoming harder and harder to find.
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sa hľadajú čoraz ťažšie.
01:41
They are becoming more compressed
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Ich plocha sa stále zmenšuje
01:43
and more threatened.
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a sú stále viac ohrozené.
01:45
As we humans continue to maintain our role
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My ľudia si trvalo držíme rolu
01:48
as the leading predator on earth,
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najväčšieho predátora na Zemi,
01:50
I've witnessed and photographed
many of these ripple effects firsthand.
many of these ripple effects firsthand.
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a tak som na vlastné oči videl
a fotografoval celú vlnu dôsledkov.
a fotografoval celú vlnu dôsledkov.
01:55
For a long time, I thought
I had to shock my audience
I had to shock my audience
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Dlho som myslel, že publikum treba
vytrhnúť z ľahostajnosti
vytrhnúť z ľahostajnosti
01:58
out of their indifference
with disturbing images.
with disturbing images.
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šokujúcimi výjavmi.
02:00
And while this approach has merits,
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A hoci tento prístup má svoj účinok,
02:02
I have come full circle.
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zase som bol na začiatku.
02:04
I believe that the best way
for me to effect change
for me to effect change
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Verím, že najlepší spôsob
ako niečo zmeniť,
ako niečo zmeniť,
02:07
is to sell love.
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je ponúkať lásku.
02:08
I guess I'm a matchmaker of sorts
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Som taký netypický dohadzovač
02:10
and as a photographer,
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a ako fotograf mám vzácnu možnosť
02:12
I have the rare opportunity
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02:14
to reveal animals and entire ecosystems
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ukázať vám živočíchy a celé ekosystémy,
02:16
that lie hidden beneath
the ocean's surface.
the ocean's surface.
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ktoré ležia pod hladinou oceánu.
02:19
You can't love something
and become a champion for it
and become a champion for it
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Nemôžete niečo milovať a bojovať za to,
02:22
if you don't know it exists.
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ak neviete, že to jestvuje.
02:24
Uncovering this -- that is the power
of conservation photography.
of conservation photography.
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Toto odhaľujem – to je sila ekofotografie.
02:29
(Music)
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(hudba)
02:32
I've visited hundreds of marine locations,
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Navštívil som stovky miest v mori,
02:35
but there are a handful of seascapes
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ale je zopár takých,
02:37
that have touched me incredibly deeply.
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ktoré na mňa zapôsobili mimoriadne.
02:40
The first time I experienced
that kind of high
that kind of high
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Prvý veľký zážitok som mal
asi pred desiatimi rokmi
asi pred desiatimi rokmi
02:43
was about 10 years ago,
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02:45
off South Africa's rugged, wild coast.
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pri drsnom, divokom pobreží Južnej Afriky.
02:47
And every June and July,
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Vždy v júni a júli obrovské
húfy sardiniek putujú na sever
húfy sardiniek putujú na sever
02:49
enormous shoals of sardines
travel northwards
travel northwards
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02:51
in a mass migration
we call the Sardine Run.
we call the Sardine Run.
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pri hromadnom sťahovaní
zvanom ťah sardiniek.
zvanom ťah sardiniek.
02:54
And boy, do those fish
have good reason to run.
have good reason to run.
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A páni, tie rybky sa veru
majú prečo hýbať!
majú prečo hýbať!
02:56
In hot pursuit are hoards
of hungry and agile predators.
of hungry and agile predators.
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Záplava hladných a zdatných predátorov
ich dravo prenasleduje.
ich dravo prenasleduje.
03:01
Common dolphins hunt together
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Delfín obyčajný loví v skupine.
03:02
and they can separate some
of the sardines from the main shoal
of the sardines from the main shoal
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Tak možno oddeliť jedincov sardiniek
od hlavného kŕdľa
od hlavného kŕdľa
03:05
and they create bait balls.
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a uštvať ich v menšom húfe.
03:07
They drive and trap the fish upward
against the ocean surface
against the ocean surface
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Delfíny ženú a uväznia rybky
tesne pod hladinou
tesne pod hladinou
03:11
and then they rush in to dine
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a potom sa vrhnú hodovať
03:12
on this pulsating and movable feast.
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a je to pulzujúci, pohyblivý sviatok.
03:15
Close behind are sharks.
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V tesnom závese sú žraloky.
03:17
Now, most people believe
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Väčšina ľudí si myslí,
03:18
that sharks and dolphins
are these mortal enemies,
are these mortal enemies,
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že žraloky a delfíny
sú smrteľní nepriatelia,
sú smrteľní nepriatelia,
03:20
but during the Sardine Run,
they actually coexist.
they actually coexist.
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ale fakt je, že počas ťahu sardiniek
dobre spolunažívajú.
dobre spolunažívajú.
03:23
In fact, dolphins actually
help sharks feed more effectively.
help sharks feed more effectively.
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Delfíny vlastne žralokom pomáhajú
loviť efektívnejšie.
loviť efektívnejšie.
03:27
Without dolphins, the bait balls
are more dispersed
are more dispersed
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Bez delfínov sa sardinky väčšmi rozptýlia
03:31
and sharks often end up
with what I call a sardine donut,
with what I call a sardine donut,
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a žralokovi často – ako vravievam –
ostane iba „jednohubka“
ostane iba „jednohubka“
03:35
or a mouth full of water.
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či tlama plná vody.
03:36
Now, while I've had a few spicy moments
with sharks on the sardine run,
with sharks on the sardine run,
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Aj keď som so žralokmi počas ťahu
zažil pár horúcich chvíľ,
zažil pár horúcich chvíľ,
03:40
I know they don't see me as prey.
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viem, že ma nevnímajú ako korisť.
03:42
However, I get bumped and tail-slapped
just like any other guest
just like any other guest
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Vždy však schytám pár faciek chvostom
ako každý iný hosť
ako každý iný hosť
03:46
at this rowdy, rowdy banquet.
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na tomto divokom bankete.
03:49
From the shores of Africa we travel east,
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Od afrických brehov ideme na východ
03:52
across the vastness
that is the Indian Ocean
that is the Indian Ocean
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cez šíravu Indického oceánu
03:54
to the Maldives, an archipelago
of coral islands.
of coral islands.
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na koralové súostrovie Maldivy.
03:58
And during the stormy southwest monsoon,
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A počas búrok juhovýchodného monzúnu
04:01
manta rays from all across the archipelago
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raje manty z celého súostrovia
04:03
travel to a tiny speck
in Baa Atoll called Hanifaru.
in Baa Atoll called Hanifaru.
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putujú k malému fliačiku
Hanifaru v atole Bá.
Hanifaru v atole Bá.
04:06
Armies of crustaceans,
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Armáda kôrovcov,
04:08
most no bigger than the size
of your pupils,
of your pupils,
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často menších než veľkosť
ľudskej zreničky,
ľudskej zreničky,
04:10
are the mainstay of the manta ray's diet.
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je pre manty hlavnou zložkou potravy.
04:14
When plankton concentrations
become patchy,
become patchy,
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Keď sa koncentrácie planktónu stenčia,
04:16
manta rays feed alone
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manta sa kŕmi samostatne
04:18
and they somersault themselves
backwards again and again,
backwards again and again,
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a dokola sa krúti vzad v rade otočiek,
04:20
very much like a puppy
chasing its own tail.
chasing its own tail.
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celkom ako keď psík naháňa vlastný chvost.
04:23
(Music)
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(hudba)
04:27
However, when plankton densities increase,
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No keď hustota planktónu vzrastie,
04:29
the mantas line up head-to-tail
to form these long feeding chains,
to form these long feeding chains,
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manty sa zoradia za sebou a vytvoria
túto dlhú loviacu reťaz
túto dlhú loviacu reťaz
04:33
and any tasty morsel that escapes
the first or second manta in line
the first or second manta in line
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a každé chutné sústo, ktoré unikne
prvej či druhej mante v rade,
prvej či druhej mante v rade,
04:37
is surely to be gobbled up
by the next or the one after.
by the next or the one after.
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určite zhltne niektorá ďalšia.
04:41
As plankton levels peak in the bay,
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Keď je planktónu v zálive najviac,
04:43
the mantas swim closer and closer together
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raje plávajú čoraz bližšie pri sebe
04:46
in a unique behavior
we call cyclone feeding.
we call cyclone feeding.
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a vidíme jedinečný jav –
cyklónové kŕmenie.
cyklónové kŕmenie.
04:48
And as they swirl in tight formation,
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Krúžením v tesnom útvare,
04:51
this multi-step column of mantas
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v tomto viacradovom valci
04:52
creates its own vortex, sucking in
and delivering the plankton
and delivering the plankton
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manty utvoria vír, ktorý planktón
vtiahne a donesie
vtiahne a donesie
04:56
right into the mantas' cavernous mouths.
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rovno do ich priepastných úst.
04:59
The experience of diving
amongst such masses of hundreds of rays
amongst such masses of hundreds of rays
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Potápanie sa so stovkami týchto živočíchov
05:03
is truly unforgettable.
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je niečo nezabudnuteľné.
05:06
(Music)
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(hudba)
05:54
When I first photographed Hanifaru,
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Keď som prvýkrát fotil Hanifaru,
05:55
the site enjoyed no protection
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netešilo sa nijakej ochrane
05:57
and was threatened by development.
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a ohrozovala ho výstavba.
05:59
And working with NGOs
like the Manta Trust,
like the Manta Trust,
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S mimovládnymi organizáciami
ako Manta Trust
ako Manta Trust
06:01
my images eventually helped Hanifaru
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moje obrázky nakoniec pomohli Hanifaru
06:03
become a marine-protected area.
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stať sa chránenou morskou oblasťou.
06:05
Now, fisherman from neighboring islands,
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Rybári zo susediacich ostrovov
06:07
they once hunted these manta rays
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voľakedy manty lovili
06:09
to make traditional drums
from their skins.
from their skins.
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pre ich kožu na výrobu bubnov.
06:12
Today, they are the most ardent
conservation champions
conservation champions
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Dnes sú ich zanietenými ochrancami
06:15
and manta rays earn the Maldivian economy
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a raje prinášajú maldivskej ekonomike
06:18
in excess of 8 million dollars
every single year.
every single year.
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viac než 8 miliónov dolárov každý rok.
06:23
I have always wanted
to travel back in time
to travel back in time
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Vždy som chcel cestovať v čase späť
06:25
to an era where maps were mostly blank
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do éry, keď boli mapy zväčša nepopísané
06:28
or they read, "There be dragons."
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či vraveli: „Tu žijú draci“.
06:30
And today, the closest I've come
is visiting remote atolls
is visiting remote atolls
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Najviac som sa tomu priblížil
cestami na vzdialené atoly
cestami na vzdialené atoly
06:33
in the western Indian Ocean.
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v západnom Indickom oceáne.
06:35
Far, far away from shipping lanes
and fishing fleets,
and fishing fleets,
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Ďaleko, ďaleko od lodných trás
a rybárskych flotíl
a rybárskych flotíl
06:38
diving into these waters
is a poignant reminder
is a poignant reminder
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potápanie v tunajších vodách
nám trpko pripomína,
nám trpko pripomína,
06:42
of what our oceans once looked like.
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aký bol oceán kedysi.
06:44
Very few people have heard
of Bassas da India,
of Bassas da India,
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Veľmi málo ľudí pozná Bassas da India,
06:47
a tiny speck of coral
in the Mozambique Channel.
in the Mozambique Channel.
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malé koralové ostrovčeky
v Mozambickom prielive.
v Mozambickom prielive.
06:51
Its reef forms a protective outer barrier
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Ich útesy tvoria vonkajšiu
ochrannú bariéru
ochrannú bariéru
06:54
and the inner lagoon is a nursery ground
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a lagúna vo vnútri je odchovňou
06:57
for Galapagos sharks.
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pre žraloky galapágske.
06:58
These sharks are anything but shy,
even during the day.
even during the day.
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Tieto žraloky rozhodne nie sú plaché
ani počas dňa.
ani počas dňa.
07:03
I had a bit of a hunch
that they'd be even bolder
that they'd be even bolder
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Cítil som v kostiach, že budú ešte smelšie
07:05
and more abundant at night.
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a početnejšie v noci.
07:08
(Music)
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(hudba)
07:16
Never before have I encountered
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V celom živote som nestretol
07:18
so many sharks on a single coral outcrop.
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toľko žralokov na jedinom koralovom útese.
07:21
Capturing and sharing moments like this --
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Zachytiť a podeliť sa o takéto momenty –
07:25
that reminds me why I chose my path.
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to mi pripomína, prečo som sa na to dal.
07:29
Earlier this year, I was on assignment
for National Geographic Magazine
for National Geographic Magazine
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Tento rok som pracoval pre časopis
National Geographic
National Geographic
07:33
in Baja California.
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na Baja California.
07:34
And about halfway down the peninsula
on the Pacific side
on the Pacific side
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Asi v strede tohto polostrova
na tichomorskej strane
na tichomorskej strane
07:37
lies San Ignacio Lagoon,
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leží lagúna San Ignacio,
07:39
a critical calving ground for gray whales.
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dôležité miesto, kde veľrybovce sivé
rodia mláďatá.
rodia mláďatá.
07:41
For 100 years, this coast was the scene
of a wholesale slaughter,
of a wholesale slaughter,
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100 rokov bolo pobrežie dejiskom
celoplošných jatiek,
celoplošných jatiek,
07:45
where more than 20,000
gray whales were killed,
gray whales were killed,
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kde bolo zabitých vyše 20 000
veľrybovcov sivých.
veľrybovcov sivých.
07:48
leaving only a few hundred survivors.
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Prežilo len pár sto jedincov.
07:50
Today the descendents of these same whales
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Potomkovia tých istých veľrýb
07:53
nudge their youngsters to the surface
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dnes posielajú svoje mladé na hladinu,
07:55
to play and even interact with us.
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kde sa hrajú, a dokonca stretajú s nami.
07:59
(Music)
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(hudba)
08:08
This species truly has made
a remarkable comeback.
a remarkable comeback.
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Tomuto druhu sa podaril naozaj
obdivuhodný návrat.
obdivuhodný návrat.
08:14
Now, on the other side
of the peninsula lies Cabo Pulmo,
of the peninsula lies Cabo Pulmo,
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Na opačnej strane polostrova
sa nachádza Cabo Pulmo,
sa nachádza Cabo Pulmo,
08:17
a sleepy fishing village.
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ospalá rybárska osada.
08:19
Decades of overfishing
had brought them close to collapse.
had brought them close to collapse.
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Desaťročia nadmerného výlovu
ju doviedli ku kolapsu.
ju doviedli ku kolapsu.
08:22
In 1995, local fisherman
convinced the authorities
convinced the authorities
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Roku 1995 miestni rybári
presvedčili úrady,
presvedčili úrady,
08:25
to proclaim their waters a marine reserve.
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aby tieto vody vyhlásili
za morskú rezerváciu.
za morskú rezerváciu.
08:27
But what happened next
was nothing short of miraculous.
was nothing short of miraculous.
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Čo sa stalo potom, bol hotový zázrak.
08:31
In 2005, after only
a single decade of protection,
a single decade of protection,
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Roku 2005,
len po desiatich rokoch ochrany,
len po desiatich rokoch ochrany,
08:35
scientists measured the largest
recovery of fish ever recorded.
recovery of fish ever recorded.
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vedci zaznamenali najrozsiahlejšiu
obnovu populácie rýb vôbec.
obnovu populácie rýb vôbec.
08:39
But don't take my word
for it -- come with me.
for it -- come with me.
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Ale načo slová – poďte so mnou!
08:42
On a single breath, swim with me in deep,
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Na jeden nádych sa ponorme do hĺbky,
08:45
into one of the largest
and densest schools of fish
and densest schools of fish
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do jedného z najväčších
a najbohatších kŕdľov rýb,
a najbohatších kŕdľov rýb,
08:48
I have ever encountered.
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s akým som sa kedy stretol.
08:51
(Music)
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(hudba)
09:03
We all have the ability
to be creators of hope.
to be creators of hope.
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Všetci sme schopní vytvárať nádej.
09:05
And through my photography,
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Svojimi fotografiami
09:07
I want to pass on the message
that it is not too late for our oceans.
that it is not too late for our oceans.
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chcem šíriť odkaz, že ešte nie je
neskoro pre naše oceány.
neskoro pre naše oceány.
09:11
And particularly, I want to focus
on nature's resilience
on nature's resilience
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A zamerať sa hlavne na odolnosť prírody,
09:14
in the face of 7.3 billion people.
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ktorá čelí 7,3 miliardám ľudí.
09:18
My hope is that in the future,
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Pevne verím, že v budúcnosti
09:20
I will have to search much, much harder
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bude pre mňa oveľa ťažšie
09:22
to make photographs like this,
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získať záber ako tento,
09:24
while creating images that showcase
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kým práve obrazy vyjadrujúce
09:27
our respectful coexistence with the ocean.
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našu úctu a koexistenciu s oceánom
09:30
Those will hopefully become
an everyday occurrence for me.
an everyday occurrence for me.
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budú, dúfam, každodenným úkazom.
09:34
To thrive and survive in my profession,
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Na prežitie a úspech v mojej profesii
09:37
you really have to be a hopeless optimist.
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treba byť beznádejným optimistom.
09:40
And I always operate on the assumption
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A ja vždy vychádzam z predpokladu,
09:42
that the next great picture
that will effect change
that will effect change
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že ďalší skvelý záber,
ktorý prispeje k zmene,
ktorý prispeje k zmene,
09:45
is right around the corner,
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je niekde za rohom,
09:47
behind the next coral head,
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za najbližším trsom koralu,
09:49
inside the next lagoon
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vnútri ďalšej lagúny
09:51
or possibly, in the one after it.
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alebo azda v tej nasledujúcej.
09:54
(Music)
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(hudba)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Thomas Peschak - Conservation photographerThomas Peschak strives to merge photojournalism and cutting edge science to create powerful media projects that tackle critical marine conservation issues.
Why you should listen
Thomas P. Peschak is an assignment photographer for National Geographic Magazine and the Director of Conservation for the Save our Seas Foundation (SOSF). He is a senior fellow of the International League of Conservation Photographers and has been named as one of the 40 most influential nature photographers in the world.
Originally trained as a marine biologist, he retired from science fieldwork in 2004. He became an environmental photojournalist after realizing that he could have a greater conservation impact with photographs than statistics. Yet he remains rooted in marine science through his roles as Director of Conservation for SOSF and Founding/Associate Director of the Manta Trust.
Thomas has written and photographed five books: Currents of Contrast, Great White Shark, Wild Seas Secret Shores and Lost World. His latest book, Sharks and People, was released in 2013 and chronicles the relationship between people and sharks around the world.
He is a multiple winner in the BBC Wildlife Photographer of the Year Awards and in 2011 and 2013 he received World Press Photo Awards for his work.
Thomas Peschak | Speaker | TED.com