Lisa Genova: What you can do to prevent Alzheimer's
Lisa Genova: Čo môžeme urobiť, aby sme nedostali Alzheimerovu chorobu
Through her fiction, Lisa Genova beckons us into the lives of people with neurological disease, making their worlds real and relatable. Full bio
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to be at least 80 years old?
aspoň 80 rokov?
this hopeful expectation
Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimerovu chorobu.
"Well, it won't be me."
„Ja to nebudem.“
is likely to affect us all.
stems from the sense
čiastočne pramení v názore,
have no disease-modifying treatment
ešte stále nemáme žiaden liek
dožijeme sa vysokého veku,
to live long enough,
our brain's destiny.
bude Alzheimer.
change these statistics,
tieto štatistiky sa dajú zmeniť,
osud nášho mozgu bez toho,
or advancements in medicine?
alebo pokrok v medicíne?
what we currently understand
of two neurons connecting.
this space circled in red,
neurotransmitters are released.
neurotransmitery.
where communication happens.
tu vzniká komunikácia.
feel, see, hear, desire ...
vidíme, počujeme, túžime
is where Alzheimer's happens.
of what's going on.
of communicating information,
like glutamate into the synapse,
neurotransmitery, ako napríklad glutamát,
called amyloid beta.
metabolized by microglia,
metabolicky odstraňujú mikroglie,
of Alzheimer's are still debated,
príčinách Alzheimera stále pokračujú,
that the disease begins
že táto choroba začína
or not enough is cleared away,
alebo nie je dostatočne odstránený
to pile up with amyloid beta.
sa začnú na seba viazať
called amyloid plaques.
nazývané amyloidné plaky.
are 40 years old or older?
plaques accumulating,
would be through a PET scan,
you are blissfully unaware.
je PET/CT vyšetrenie.
in memory, language, or cognition ...
pamäte, reči či schopnosti uvažovať.
of amyloid plaque accumulation
trvá najmenej 15 až 20 rokov
symptoms of the disease.
symptómy tejto choroby.
might include things like,
prejavovať nasledovne:
start freaking out again,
keďže viem, že polovica z vás
one of those in the last 24 hours --
aspoň jednu z týchto situácií,
to where you put your keys
language and cognition are different.
kognitívnych schopností sú odlišné.
your keys in your coat pocket
tie kľúče našli vo vrecku kabáta
accumulate to this tipping point?
amyloidných plakov dosiahne bod zlomu?
become hyper-activated,
sa stanú hyperaktivovanými
inflammation and cellular damage.
zápal a poškodenie bunky.
start clearing away
called "tau" becomes hyperphosphorylated
sa stane hyperfosforylovaný,
into something called "tangles,"
from the inside.
we have massive inflammation and tangles
zápal rozsiahly, chumáče obrovské,
trying to cure this disease,
snažiacim sa vyliečiť toto ochorenie,
want to intervene?
ideálne zasiahnuť?
on the simplest solution:
do jednoduchého riešenia:
from reaching that tipping point,
dosiahli toto zlomové množstvo,
focused on developing a compound
zameriavajú na vývoj látky,
amyloid plaque accumulation.
zredukovala hromadenie amyloidných plakov.
a preventative medicine.
pravdepodobne spočíva v prevencii.
before we reach that tipping point,
skôr, než dosiahneme zlomový bod,
our keys in the refrigerator.
kľúče do chladničky.
prečo doposiaľ všetky lieky
these kinds of drugs have failed
were already symptomatic.
ktorí už symptómy mali.
ako zapálenú zápalku.
sets fire to the forest.
založí lesný požiar.
to blow out the match.
before the forest catches fire.
really good news for us,
can influence the accumulation
amyloidných plakov
that tipping point.
aby ten zlomový bod nastal.
of Alzheimer's as a see-saw scale.
Alzheimera ako dvojramennú váhu.
všetky rizikové faktory
risk factors on one arm,
you are symptomatic
začnete vykazovať symptómy
some amyloid plaques with age.
zopár amyloidných plakov.
from our moms and our dads.
and some will decrease it.
riziko a niektoré ho znížia.
that cranks out amyloid beta,
ktorá chrlí beta amyloidy
your scale arm to the ground.
rameno vašej váhy až k zemi.
will only tip the arm a bit.
iba trošku naklonia rameno.
that increases amyloid,
ktorý zvyšuje množstvo amyloidov.
from mom and dad
whether we get Alzheimer's.
or the genes we've inherited.
ovplyvniť nemôžeme.
our brain's destiny.
spánku gliové bunky
rinse cerebral spinal fluid
v našom mozgu,
that accumulated in our synapses
ktorý sa nahromadil v synapsiách
a power cleanse for the brain.
niečo ako dôkladné čistenie.
yourself on sleep?
okrádate o spánok?
be a predictor of Alzheimer's.
privodiť Alzheimerovu chorobu.
leads to an increase in amyloid beta.
vedie k zvýšeniu množstva beta amyloidov.
amyloidu narúša spánok,
has been shown to disrupt sleep,
väčšieho množstva amyloidu.
more amyloid to accumulate.
this positive feedback loop
the tipping of that scale.
ramena tej váhy.
obesity, smoking, high cholesterol,
cukrovka, obezita, fajčenie,
of developing Alzheimer's.
vzniku Alzheimerovej choroby.
of people with Alzheimer's
in many studies to decrease amyloid beta
znižuje množstvo beta amyloidu
Mediterranean lifestyle and diet
životný štýl a strava
the tipping of this scale.
the onset of Alzheimer's.
prepuknutie Alzheimera.
you haven't done any of them.
so you've likely inherited a gene or two
takže ste pravdepodobne zdedili gén,
at both ends for years;
someone's chasing you.
have reached that tipping point.
dosiahli bod zlomu.
and cell death.
odumieranie buniek.
finding words and keys
s hľadaním slov a kľúčov
at the beginning of this talk.
na začiatku tejto prednášky.
to protect yourself
aby ste sa ochránili
the symptoms of Alzheimer's,
pathology ablaze in your brain.
prepukla vo vašom mozgu.
and cognitive reserve.
a kognitívnou rezervou.
of having Alzheimer's
over a hundred trillion synapses,
viac ako 100 biliónov synapsií,
materiálu, s ktorým sa dá pracovať,
we've got a lot to work with.
called neural plasticity.
new neural connections,
nové spojenia neurónov,
when the study began,
physical checkups and cognitive tests,
prehliadky, robili kognitívne testy
were all donated for autopsy.
aby bola vykonaná pitva.
discovered something surprising.
vedci objavili niečo prekvapivé.
and tangles and brain shrinkage --
zhlukov a zmenšenia mozgu,
unquestionable Alzheimer's --
to these brains showed no signs
while they were alive.
had a high level of cognitive reserve,
ich veľkou kognitívnou rezervou,
more functional synapses.
veľa funkčných synapsií.
of formal education,
in mentally stimulating activities,
do aktivít na mentálnu stimuláciu,
and a redundancy in neural connections.
nervových prepojení.
like Alzheimer's
podobnou Alzheimerovej,
that anything is amiss.
že niečo nie je v poriadku.
about a subject.
iba jedinú vec o niekom.
wrote "Still Alice,"
knihu Stále som to ja,
you know about me.
and inflammation
"Hey, who wrote 'Still Alice?'"
kto napísal Stále som to ja
is either failing or gone.
alebo už úplne odišla.
four things about me.
are damaged or destroyed.
sú porušené alebo zničené.
to detour the wreckage.
ako obísť toto poškodenie.
to the presence of Alzheimer's pathology
prítomnosti Alzheimera
of yet-undamaged pathways.
ktoré ešte nie sú poškodené.
this cognitive reserve,
to be as rich in meaning as possible,
využijeme čo najviac našich zmyslov
and associations and emotion.
asociácií a emócií.
doing crossword puzzles.
lúštenie krížoviek.
information you've already learned,
už naučené informácie,
down old, familiar streets,
Alzheimerovej chorobe znamená
someday diagnosed with Alzheimer's,
jedného dňa diagnostikujú Alzheimera,
from my grandmother
získala od mojej starej mamy
living with this disease.
a ktorí žijú s touto chorobou.
you're dying tomorrow.
to understand love and joy.
what I said five minutes ago,
čo som povedala pred piatimi minútami,
ktorý som vo vás vyvolala.
you can remember.
dokážete zapamätať.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lisa Genova - Neuroscientist, novelistThrough her fiction, Lisa Genova beckons us into the lives of people with neurological disease, making their worlds real and relatable.
Why you should listen
Lisa Genova wields her ability to tell a story and her knowledge of the human brain to talk about medical conditions like Alzheimer’s in warmly human terms. Her writing, often focusing on those who are misunderstood, explores the lives of people living with neurological diseases and disorders. A bestselling author, her work has been transformed into an Oscar-winning film, Still Alice, but the real triumph is Genova’s ability to help us empathize with a person’s journey we otherwise couldn’t even begin to understand.
Her newest book, Inside the O’Briens, is about Huntington’s disease.
Lisa Genova | Speaker | TED.com