TED2018
Mikhail Zygar: What the Russian Revolution would have looked like on social media
Mikhail Zygar: Kako bi ruska revolucija zgledala v družbenih medijih
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Zgodovino pišejo zmagovalci, pravi pregovor. Kako pa bi izgledala, če bi jo pisali vsi? Novinar in sodelavec TED-a, Mikhail Zygar, je na misiji, da nam pokaže Project1917, 'družbeno omrežje za mrtve ljudi', ki prinaša resnične dnevnike in pisma več kot 3000 ljudi, ki so živeli med rusko revolucijo. Ko prikazuje vsakodnevne misli Lenina, Trotskyja in mnogih manj znanih osebnosti, projekt prikaže zgodovino v novi luči - kakršna je nekoč bila in kakršna bi lahko bila. Izvedite več o tem digitalnem prikazu preteklosti, pa tudi o Zygarjevem novem projektu o prelomnem letu 1968.
Mikhail Zygar - Journalist, writer, filmmaker
Mikhail Zygar is the founder of Future History, the creative digital studio behind Project1917 and 1968.digital. Full bio
Mikhail Zygar is the founder of Future History, the creative digital studio behind Project1917 and 1968.digital. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What is history?
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Kaj je zgodovina?
00:15
It is something written by the winners.
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Nekaj, kar napišejo zmagovalci.
00:20
There is a stereotype that history
should be focused on the rulers,
should be focused on the rulers,
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Obstaja stereotip, da bi se zgodovina
morala osredotočati na voditelje,
morala osredotočati na voditelje,
00:24
like Lenin or Trotsky.
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kot sta Lenin ali Trotsky.
00:27
As a result, people
in many countries, like mine, Russia,
in many countries, like mine, Russia,
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Posledično ljudje v mnogih državah,
kot je moja, Rusija,
kot je moja, Rusija,
00:31
look at history as something
that was predetermined
that was predetermined
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gledajo na zgodovino kot na nekaj,
kar je vnaprej določeno
kar je vnaprej določeno
00:35
or determined by the leaders,
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ali nekaj, na kar vplivajo voditelji,
00:38
and common people could not
influence it in any way.
influence it in any way.
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navadni ljudje pa na to nimajo
nobenega vpliva.
nobenega vpliva.
00:41
Many Russians today do not believe
that Russia could ever have been
that Russia could ever have been
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Mnogi Rusi dandanes ne verjamejo,
da bi Rusjia lahko kadar koli bila
da bi Rusjia lahko kadar koli bila
00:45
or ever will be a truly democratic nation,
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ali kadar koli bo resnično
demokratična dežela,
demokratična dežela,
00:48
and this is due to the way
history has been framed
history has been framed
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to pa zaradi načina,
na katerega se zgodovino prikazuje
na katerega se zgodovino prikazuje
00:51
to the citizens of Russia.
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državljanom Rusije.
00:52
And this is not true.
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In to ni res.
00:55
To prove it, I spent two years
of my life trying to go 100 years back,
of my life trying to go 100 years back,
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Da bi to dokazal, sem dve leti svojega
življenja poskušal iti 100 let nazaj,
življenja poskušal iti 100 let nazaj,
01:00
to the year 1917,
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v leto 1917,
01:03
the year of the Russian Revolution.
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leto ruske revolucije.
01:05
I asked myself, what if the internet
and Facebook existed 100 years ago?
and Facebook existed 100 years ago?
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Vprašal sem se, kako bi bilo, če bi pred
100 leti obstajala internet in Facebook.
100 leti obstajala internet in Facebook.
01:12
So last year, we built
a social network for dead people,
a social network for dead people,
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Tako smo lani vzpostavili družbeno
omrežje za mrtve ljudi
omrežje za mrtve ljudi
01:17
named Project1917.com.
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in projekt imenovali Project1917.com.
01:22
My team and I created our software,
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Moj tim in jaz smo ustvarili
programsko opremo,
programsko opremo,
01:24
digitized and uploaded
all possible real diaries and letters
all possible real diaries and letters
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digitalizirali in naložili
vse mogoče resnične dnevnike in pisma,
vse mogoče resnične dnevnike in pisma,
01:30
written by more than 3,000 people
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ki jih je napisalo več kot 3000 ljudi
01:33
100 years ago.
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pred 100 leti.
01:34
So any user of our website or application
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Tako lahko vsak uporabnik
naše spletne strani ali aplikacije
naše spletne strani ali aplikacije
01:38
can follow a news feed
for each day of 1917
for each day of 1917
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sledi novicam za vsak dan leta 1917
01:42
and read what people
like Stravinsky or Trotsky,
like Stravinsky or Trotsky,
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in bere, kaj so ljudje,
na primer Stravinsky in Trotsky,
na primer Stravinsky in Trotsky,
01:46
Lenin or Pavlova
and others thought and felt.
and others thought and felt.
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Lenin ali Pavlova in drugi,
razmišljali in čutili.
razmišljali in čutili.
01:50
We watch all those personalities
being ordinary people like you and me,
being ordinary people like you and me,
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Gledamo vse te osebnosti,
kot navadne ljudi, kot vi ali jaz,
kot navadne ljudi, kot vi ali jaz,
01:55
not demigods,
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ne polbogove,
01:57
and we see that history consists
of their mistakes, fears, weaknesses,
of their mistakes, fears, weaknesses,
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in vidimo, da zgodovina sestoji
iz njihovih napak, strahov, slabosti,
iz njihovih napak, strahov, slabosti,
02:04
not only their "genius ideas."
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ne le iz njihovh 'genialnih idej'.
02:08
Our project was a shock for many Russians,
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Naš projekt je bil šokanten za mnoge Ruse,
02:10
who used to think that our country
has always been an autocratic empire
has always been an autocratic empire
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ki so včasih mislili, da je bila naša
država vedno avtokratski imperij
država vedno avtokratski imperij
02:16
and the ideas of freedom and democracy
could never have prevailed,
could never have prevailed,
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in da ideje o svobodi in demokraciji
nikoli ne bi mogli prevladati,
nikoli ne bi mogli prevladati,
02:19
just because democracy
was not our destiny.
was not our destiny.
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ker demokracija preprosto
ni bila naša usoda.
ni bila naša usoda.
02:23
But if we take a broader look,
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A če pogledamo širše,
02:26
it's not that black and white.
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ni tako črno-belo.
02:29
Yes, 1917 led to 70 years
of communist dictatorship.
of communist dictatorship.
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Da, leto 1917 je privedlo do 70 let
komunistične diktature.
komunistične diktature.
02:35
But with this project, we see that Russia
could have had a different history
could have had a different history
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A s tem projektom vidimo, da bi Rusija
lahko imela drugačno zgodovino
lahko imela drugačno zgodovino
02:40
and a democratic future,
as any other country could or still can.
as any other country could or still can.
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in demokratično prihodnost, kot so jo
lahko in še vedno imajo druge države.
lahko in še vedno imajo druge države.
02:45
Reading the posts from 1917,
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Ob branju besedil iz leta 1917
02:49
you learn that Russia
was the first country in the world
was the first country in the world
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spoznamo, da je bila Rusija
prva država na svetu,
prva država na svetu,
02:52
to abolish the death penalty,
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ki je odpravila smrtno kazen,
02:54
or one of the first ones
to grant women voting rights.
to grant women voting rights.
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in ena od prvih, ki je ženskam
podelila volino pravico.
podelila volino pravico.
02:59
Knowing history and understanding
how ordinary people influenced history
how ordinary people influenced history
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Poznavanje zgodovine in razumevanje,
kako so navadni ljudje vplivali nanjo,
kako so navadni ljudje vplivali nanjo,
03:05
can help us create a better future,
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nam lahko pomaga ustvariti
boljšo prihodnost,
boljšo prihodnost,
03:07
because history is just a rehearsal
of what's happening right now.
of what's happening right now.
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ker je zgodovina samo vaja za to,
kar se dogaja prav zdaj.
kar se dogaja prav zdaj.
03:12
We do need new ways of telling history,
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Potrebujemo nove načine
za pripovedovanje zgodovine
za pripovedovanje zgodovine
03:15
and this year, for example,
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in letos smo na primer
03:17
we started a new online project
that is called 1968Digital.com,
that is called 1968Digital.com,
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začeli novi spletni projekt,
ki se imenuje 1968Digital.com.
ki se imenuje 1968Digital.com.
03:23
and that is an online documentary series
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Gre za spletno dokumentarno serijo,
03:28
that gives you an impression
of that year, 1968,
of that year, 1968,
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ki vam daje občutek tistega leta, 1968,
03:32
a year marked by global social change
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leta, ki so ga zaznamovale
globalne družbene spremembe,
globalne družbene spremembe,
03:36
that, in many ways,
created the world as we know it now.
created the world as we know it now.
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ki so na razne načine
ustvarile svet, kot ga danes poznamo.
ustvarile svet, kot ga danes poznamo.
03:40
But we are making that history alive
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A zgodovino oživljamo,
03:43
by imagining what if all the main
characters could use mobile phones ...
characters could use mobile phones ...
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ko si predstavljamo, kaj bi bilo,
če bi vsi protagonisti lahko uporabljali
če bi vsi protagonisti lahko uporabljali
03:49
just like that?
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mobilne telefone.
03:51
And we see that a lot of individuals
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In vidimo, da se je veliko posameznikov
03:57
were facing the same challenges
and were fighting for the same values,
and were fighting for the same values,
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soočalo z enakimi izzivi
in se borilo za iste vrednote,
in se borilo za iste vrednote,
04:02
no matter if they lived
in the US or in USSR
in the US or in USSR
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ne glede na to, ali so živeli
v ZDA ali ZSSR,
v ZDA ali ZSSR,
04:07
or in France or in China
or in Czechoslovakia.
or in Czechoslovakia.
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v Franciji, na Kitajskem
ali na Čehoslovaškem.
ali na Čehoslovaškem.
04:11
By exposing history
in such a democratic way,
in such a democratic way,
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Z izpostavljanjem zgodovine
na tako demokratičen način
na tako demokratičen način
04:14
through social media,
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skozi družbene medije
04:16
we show that people in power
are not the only ones making choices.
are not the only ones making choices.
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kažemo, da ljudje na oblasti
niso edini, ki odločajo.
niso edini, ki odločajo.
04:22
That gives any user a possibility
of reclaiming history.
of reclaiming history.
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To daje vsakemu uporabniku možnost,
da zahteva zgodovino zase.
da zahteva zgodovino zase.
04:27
Ordinary people matter.
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Navadni ljudje so pomembni.
04:29
They have an impact.
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Imajo vpliv.
04:31
Ideas matter.
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Ideje so pomembne.
04:33
Journalists, scientists,
philosophers matter.
philosophers matter.
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Novinarji, znanstveniki,
filozofi so pomembni.
filozofi so pomembni.
04:38
We shape society.
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Mi oblikujemo družbo.
04:40
We all make history.
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Mi vsi ustvarjamo zgodovino.
04:43
Thank you.
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Hvala.
04:44
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikhail Zygar - Journalist, writer, filmmakerMikhail Zygar is the founder of Future History, the creative digital studio behind Project1917 and 1968.digital.
Why you should listen
Mikhail Zygar is a Russian journalist, writer, filmmaker and the founding editor-in-chief of the Russian independent news TV-channel, Dozhd (2010 - 2015). Prior to Dozhd, Zygar worked for Newsweek Russia and the business daily Kommersant, where he covered the conflicts in Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Serbia and Kosovo. His bestseller All the Kremlin's Men is based on an unprecedented series of interviews with Vladimir Putin’s inner circle, presenting a radically different view of power and politics in Russia. His recent book The Empire Must Die was released in Russian and English in 2017. It portrays the years leading up to the Russian revolution and the vivid drama of Russia's brief and exotic experiment with civil society before it was swept away by the Communist Revolution.
Mikhail Zygar | Speaker | TED.com