TED2018
Mikhail Zygar: What the Russian Revolution would have looked like on social media
Mikail Zigar (Mikhail Zygar): Kako bi Ruska revolucija izgledala na društvenim mrežama
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Istoriju pišu pobednici, izreka kaže - ali kako bi izgledala da su je napisali svi? Novinar i TED Fellow, Mikail Zigar, nastoji da nam pokaže „Project1917”, „društvenu mrežu za mrtve ljude” na kojoj se objavljuju stvarni dnevnici i pisma više od 3000 ljudi koji su živeli tokom Ruske revolucije. Prikazom svakodnevnih misli Lenjina, Trockog i mnogih manje poznatih ličnosti, projekat baca novo svetlo na istoriju nekada - i na to kakva je mogla da bude. Saznajte više o ovom digitalnom prepričavanju prošlosti kao i o Zigarovom poslednjem projektu na temu 1968. godine koja je donela mnoštvo transformacija.
Mikhail Zygar - Journalist, writer, filmmaker
Mikhail Zygar is the founder of Future History, the creative digital studio behind Project1917 and 1968.digital. Full bio
Mikhail Zygar is the founder of Future History, the creative digital studio behind Project1917 and 1968.digital. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What is history?
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Šta je istorija?
00:15
It is something written by the winners.
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To je nešto što su ispisali pobednici.
00:20
There is a stereotype that history
should be focused on the rulers,
should be focused on the rulers,
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Postoji taj sterotip da istorija treba
da se fokusira na vladare,
da se fokusira na vladare,
00:24
like Lenin or Trotsky.
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poput Lenjina i Trockog.
00:27
As a result, people
in many countries, like mine, Russia,
in many countries, like mine, Russia,
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Kao posledica toga, ljudi mnogih zemalja
kao što je moja, Rusija,
kao što je moja, Rusija,
00:31
look at history as something
that was predetermined
that was predetermined
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gledaju na istoriju kao na nešto
unapred predodređeno
unapred predodređeno
00:35
or determined by the leaders,
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ili nešto što su uspostavili vladari,
00:38
and common people could not
influence it in any way.
influence it in any way.
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a na šta obični ljudi
nemaju nikakvog uticaja.
nemaju nikakvog uticaja.
00:41
Many Russians today do not believe
that Russia could ever have been
that Russia could ever have been
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Danas mnogi Rusi ne veruju
da bi Rusija ikada mogla da bude
da bi Rusija ikada mogla da bude
00:45
or ever will be a truly democratic nation,
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ili će biti prava demokratska nacija,
00:48
and this is due to the way
history has been framed
history has been framed
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a sve to zbog načina
na koji je istorija koncipirana
na koji je istorija koncipirana
00:51
to the citizens of Russia.
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građanima Rusije.
00:52
And this is not true.
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Međutim, to nije istina.
00:55
To prove it, I spent two years
of my life trying to go 100 years back,
of my life trying to go 100 years back,
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Da bih to dokazao, 2 godine sam pokušavao
da se vratim 100 godina unazad,
da se vratim 100 godina unazad,
01:00
to the year 1917,
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u 1917. godinu,
01:03
the year of the Russian Revolution.
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godinu Ruske revolucije.
01:05
I asked myself, what if the internet
and Facebook existed 100 years ago?
and Facebook existed 100 years ago?
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Upitao sam se šta bi bilo da su internet
i Fejsbuk postojali pre 100 godina?
i Fejsbuk postojali pre 100 godina?
01:12
So last year, we built
a social network for dead people,
a social network for dead people,
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Zato sam prošle godine napravio
društvenu mrežu za mrtve ljude,
društvenu mrežu za mrtve ljude,
01:17
named Project1917.com.
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pod imenom „Project1917.com”.
01:22
My team and I created our software,
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Moj tim i ja kreirali smo
sopstveni softver,
sopstveni softver,
01:24
digitized and uploaded
all possible real diaries and letters
all possible real diaries and letters
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digitalizovali i otpremili sve moguće
stvarne dnevnike i pisma
stvarne dnevnike i pisma
01:30
written by more than 3,000 people
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koje je napisalo više od 3000 ljudi
01:33
100 years ago.
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pre 100 godina.
01:34
So any user of our website or application
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Tako svaki korisnik
naše veb stranice ili aplikacije
naše veb stranice ili aplikacije
01:38
can follow a news feed
for each day of 1917
for each day of 1917
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može da prati najvažnije vesti
za svaki dan 1917. godine
za svaki dan 1917. godine
01:42
and read what people
like Stravinsky or Trotsky,
like Stravinsky or Trotsky,
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i čita šta su ljudi
poput Stravinskog ili Trockog,
poput Stravinskog ili Trockog,
01:46
Lenin or Pavlova
and others thought and felt.
and others thought and felt.
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Lenjina ili Pavlova i drugih
mislili i osećali.
mislili i osećali.
01:50
We watch all those personalities
being ordinary people like you and me,
being ordinary people like you and me,
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Vidimo sve te ličnosti
kao obične ljude poput vas i mene,
kao obične ljude poput vas i mene,
01:55
not demigods,
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ne polubogove,
01:57
and we see that history consists
of their mistakes, fears, weaknesses,
of their mistakes, fears, weaknesses,
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i shvatimo da se istorija sastoji
i iz njihovih grešaka, strahova, slabosti,
i iz njihovih grešaka, strahova, slabosti,
02:04
not only their "genius ideas."
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ne samo njihovih „genijalnih ideja”.
02:08
Our project was a shock for many Russians,
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Naš projekat bio je šok za mnoge Ruse
02:10
who used to think that our country
has always been an autocratic empire
has always been an autocratic empire
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koji su mislili da je naša zemlja oduvek
jedno autokratsko carstvo,
jedno autokratsko carstvo,
02:16
and the ideas of freedom and democracy
could never have prevailed,
could never have prevailed,
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a da se ideje o slobodi i demokratiji
nikada nisu mogle ostvariti
nikada nisu mogle ostvariti
02:19
just because democracy
was not our destiny.
was not our destiny.
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jer demokratija jednostavno
nije naša sudbina.
nije naša sudbina.
02:23
But if we take a broader look,
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Međutim, ako pogledamo širu sliku,
02:26
it's not that black and white.
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nije sve tako crno i belo.
02:29
Yes, 1917 led to 70 years
of communist dictatorship.
of communist dictatorship.
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Da, 1917. je dovela do 70 godina
komunističke diktature.
komunističke diktature.
02:35
But with this project, we see that Russia
could have had a different history
could have had a different history
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Ovaj projekat je pokazao da je Rusija
mogla da ima drugačiju istoriju
mogla da ima drugačiju istoriju
02:40
and a democratic future,
as any other country could or still can.
as any other country could or still can.
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i demokratsku budućnost, kao što je mogla
i još uvek može svaka druga zemlja.
i još uvek može svaka druga zemlja.
02:45
Reading the posts from 1917,
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Ako čitate objave iz 1917. godine,
02:49
you learn that Russia
was the first country in the world
was the first country in the world
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saznaćete da je Rusija
bila prva zemlja na svetu
bila prva zemlja na svetu
02:52
to abolish the death penalty,
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koja je ukinula smrtnu kaznu,
02:54
or one of the first ones
to grant women voting rights.
to grant women voting rights.
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ili jedna od prvih zemalja
koja je dala pravo glasa ženama.
koja je dala pravo glasa ženama.
02:59
Knowing history and understanding
how ordinary people influenced history
how ordinary people influenced history
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Poznavanje istorije i razumevanje
uticaja običnih ljudi na nju
uticaja običnih ljudi na nju
03:05
can help us create a better future,
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pomaže nam da kreiramo bolju budućnost,
03:07
because history is just a rehearsal
of what's happening right now.
of what's happening right now.
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jer je istorija samo proba
onoga što se dešava sada.
onoga što se dešava sada.
03:12
We do need new ways of telling history,
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Potrebni su nam novi načini
pričanja istorije,
pričanja istorije,
03:15
and this year, for example,
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a ove godine smo, primera radi,
03:17
we started a new online project
that is called 1968Digital.com,
that is called 1968Digital.com,
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započeli novi internet projekat
pod imenom „1968Digital.com”,
pod imenom „1968Digital.com”,
03:23
and that is an online documentary series
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i to je serija dokumentarnih
prikaza na internetu
prikaza na internetu
03:28
that gives you an impression
of that year, 1968,
of that year, 1968,
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koja vas vraća u tu, 1968. godinu,
03:32
a year marked by global social change
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obeleženu globalnom društvenom promenom
03:36
that, in many ways,
created the world as we know it now.
created the world as we know it now.
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koja je, na mnogo načina,
stvorila svet kakav poznajemo danas.
stvorila svet kakav poznajemo danas.
03:40
But we are making that history alive
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Mi oživljavamo tu istoriju
tako što zamišljamo
tako što zamišljamo
03:43
by imagining what if all the main
characters could use mobile phones ...
characters could use mobile phones ...
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kakva bi bila da su svi glavni akteri
mogli da koriste mobilne telefone...
mogli da koriste mobilne telefone...
03:49
just like that?
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tek tako.
03:51
And we see that a lot of individuals
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I vidimo da se mnogo pojedinaca
03:57
were facing the same challenges
and were fighting for the same values,
and were fighting for the same values,
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suočavalo sa istim izazovima
i borilo za iste vrednosti,
i borilo za iste vrednosti,
04:02
no matter if they lived
in the US or in USSR
in the US or in USSR
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bez obzira na to da li su živeli
u SAD-u ili SSSR-u,
u SAD-u ili SSSR-u,
04:07
or in France or in China
or in Czechoslovakia.
or in Czechoslovakia.
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Francuskoj ili Kini ili Čehoslovačkoj.
04:11
By exposing history
in such a democratic way,
in such a democratic way,
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Otkrivanjem istorije na takav
demokratski način,
demokratski način,
04:14
through social media,
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kroz društvene medije,
04:16
we show that people in power
are not the only ones making choices.
are not the only ones making choices.
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pokazujemo da odluke ne donose
samo ljudi koji imaju moć.
samo ljudi koji imaju moć.
04:22
That gives any user a possibility
of reclaiming history.
of reclaiming history.
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Time se svakom korisniku daje mogućnost
da zatraže istoriju natrag.
da zatraže istoriju natrag.
04:27
Ordinary people matter.
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Obični ljudi su bitni.
04:29
They have an impact.
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Oni imaju uticaja.
04:31
Ideas matter.
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Ideje su bitne.
04:33
Journalists, scientists,
philosophers matter.
philosophers matter.
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Novinari, naučnici, filozofi su bitni.
04:38
We shape society.
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Mi oblikujemo društvo.
04:40
We all make history.
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Svi stvaramo istoriju.
04:43
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:44
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mikhail Zygar - Journalist, writer, filmmakerMikhail Zygar is the founder of Future History, the creative digital studio behind Project1917 and 1968.digital.
Why you should listen
Mikhail Zygar is a Russian journalist, writer, filmmaker and the founding editor-in-chief of the Russian independent news TV-channel, Dozhd (2010 - 2015). Prior to Dozhd, Zygar worked for Newsweek Russia and the business daily Kommersant, where he covered the conflicts in Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, Serbia and Kosovo. His bestseller All the Kremlin's Men is based on an unprecedented series of interviews with Vladimir Putin’s inner circle, presenting a radically different view of power and politics in Russia. His recent book The Empire Must Die was released in Russian and English in 2017. It portrays the years leading up to the Russian revolution and the vivid drama of Russia's brief and exotic experiment with civil society before it was swept away by the Communist Revolution.
Mikhail Zygar | Speaker | TED.com