TEDxZurich 2012
James B. Glattfelder: Who controls the world?
Džejms B. Glatfelder (James B. Glattfelder): Ko upravlja svetom?
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Džejms Glatfelder proučava složenost: kako je međusobno povezan sistem - recimo, jato ptica - više od zbira svojih delova. I teorija složenosti, ispostavlja se, može obelodaniti mnogo o tome kako ekonomija funkcioniše. Glatfelder širi revolucionarnu studiju o tome kako kontrola teče kroz globalnu ekonomiju i kako koncentrisana moć u rukama šokantno malog broja ljudi nas sve ostavlja ranjivima. (Snimljeno na TEDxZurich)
James B. Glattfelder - Complex systems theorist
James B. Glattfelder aims to give us a richer, data-driven understanding of the people and interactions that control our global economy. He does this not to push an ideology -- but with the hopes of making the world a better place. Full bio
James B. Glattfelder aims to give us a richer, data-driven understanding of the people and interactions that control our global economy. He does this not to push an ideology -- but with the hopes of making the world a better place. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
"When the crisis came,
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''Kada je kriza stigla,
00:18
the serious limitations of existing economic
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ozbiljna ograničenja postojeće ekonomije
00:21
and financial models immediately became apparent."
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i finansijskih modela
ubrzo su postala očigledna.''
ubrzo su postala očigledna.''
00:26
"There is also a strong belief, which I share,
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"Takođe postoji jako ubeđenje, koje i ja delim
00:31
that bad or oversimplistic and overconfident economics
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da su loše ili prejednostavne
i samosvesne ekonomije
i samosvesne ekonomije
00:36
helped create the crisis."
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pomogle stvaranje krize.''
00:39
Now, you've probably all heard of similar criticism
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Sada, verovatno ste svi čuli za slične kritike
00:41
coming from people who are skeptical of capitalism.
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koje dolaze od ljudi koji su skeptični zbog kapitalizma.
00:44
But this is different.
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Ali ovo je drugačije.
00:46
This is coming from the heart of finance.
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Ovo potiče iz srca finansija.
00:50
The first quote is from Jean-Claude Trichet
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Prvi citat je Žan-Klod Trišea
00:53
when he was governor of the European Central Bank.
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kada je bio guverner
Evropske centralne banke
Evropske centralne banke
00:57
The second quote is from the head
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Drugi citat je iz glave
00:59
of the U.K. Financial Services Authority.
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upravnika Finansijskih usluga
Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva.
Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva.
01:02
Are these people implying
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Da li zapravo ovi ljudi nagoveštavaju
01:04
that we don't understand the economic systems
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da mi ne razumemo ekonomske sisteme
01:07
that drive our modern societies?
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koji upravljaju modernim društvima?
01:10
It gets worse.
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Postaje još gore.
01:12
"We spend billions of dollars
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''Mi trošimo milijarde dolara
01:14
trying to understand the origins of the universe
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pokušavajući da razumemo
poreklo univerzuma
poreklo univerzuma
01:17
while we still don't understand the conditions
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dok još uvek ne razumemo ni uslove
01:21
for a stable society, a functioning economy, or peace."
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za stabilno društvo, za funkcionalnu ekonomiju
ili za mir.''
ili za mir.''
01:30
What's happening here? How can this be possible?
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Šta se ovde dešava?
Da li je ovo moguće?
Da li je ovo moguće?
01:32
Do we really understand more about the fabric of reality
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Da li zaista razumemo više o materijalu stvarnosti
01:35
than we do about the fabric
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nego što razumemo materijal
01:37
which emerges from our human interactions?
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koji nastaje iz naših ljudskih interakcija?
01:40
Unfortunately, the answer is yes.
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Nažalost, odgovor je da.
01:43
But there's an intriguing solution which is coming
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Ali postoji intrigantno rešenje koje potiče
01:46
from what is known as the science of complexity.
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od onoga što je poznato kao nauka složenosti.
01:51
To explain what this means and what this thing is,
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Da bi se objasnilo šta ovo znači
i šta zapravo ovo jeste,
i šta zapravo ovo jeste,
01:53
please let me quickly take a couple of steps back.
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molim vas, dopustite mi da se za čas vratim
nekoliko koraka unazad.
nekoliko koraka unazad.
01:57
I ended up in physics by accident.
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Igrom slučaja završio sam u fizici.
01:59
It was a random encounter when I was young,
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To je bio slučajan susret kada sam bio mlad,
02:02
and since then, I've often wondered
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i od tada, često sam se pitao
02:05
about the amazing success of physics
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o neverovatnom uspehu fizike
02:07
in describing the reality we wake up in every day.
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prilikom opisivanja stvarnosti
u kojoj se budimo svakog dana.
u kojoj se budimo svakog dana.
02:11
In a nutshell, you can think of physics as follows.
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U suštini, možete razmišljati o fizici na sledeći način.
02:14
So you take a chunk of reality you want to understand
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Uzmete komad stvarnosti koju želite da razumete
02:17
and you translate it into mathematics.
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i to onda prevodite u matematiku.
02:21
You encode it into equations.
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Kodirate ga u jednačine.
02:25
Then predictions can be made and tested.
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Tada se predviđanja mogu obaviti i testirati.
02:28
We're actually really lucky that this works,
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Mi smo zapravo veoma srećni što ovo radi,
02:31
because no one really knows why the thoughts in our heads
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zbog toga što niko zaista ne zna
zašto bi misli u našim glavama
zašto bi misli u našim glavama
02:34
should actually relate to the fundamental workings of the universe.
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trebalo zapravo da imaju veze sa
fundamentalnim radom univerzuma.
fundamentalnim radom univerzuma.
02:40
Despite the success, physics has its limits.
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Uprkos uspehu, fizika ima svoja ograničenja.
02:43
As Dirk Helbing pointed out in the last quote,
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Kao što je Dirk Helbing naglasio
u poslednjem citatu,
u poslednjem citatu,
02:46
we don't really understand the complexity
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mi ne shvatamo istinski složenost
02:48
that relates to us, that surrounds us.
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koja ima veze s nama, koja nas okružuje.
02:51
This paradox is what got me interested in complex systems.
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Ovaj paradoks je to što me je zainteresovalo
u kompleksnim sistemima.
u kompleksnim sistemima.
02:56
So these are systems which are made up
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Dakle, ovo su sistemi koji su stvoreni
02:58
of many interconnected or interacting parts:
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od više međusobno povezanih
ili interaktivnih delova:
ili interaktivnih delova:
03:02
swarms of birds or fish, ant colonies,
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najezde ptica ili riba, kolonije mrava,
03:05
ecosystems, brains, financial markets.
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ekosistemi, mozgovi, finansijska tržišta.
03:09
These are just a few examples.
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Ovo je samo nekoliko primera.
03:13
Interestingly, complex systems are very hard to map
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Zanimljivo, složeni sistemi su veoma teški
za mapiranje
za mapiranje
03:18
into mathematical equations,
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u matematičke jednačine,
03:20
so the usual physics approach doesn't really work here.
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tako da uobičajeni fizički pristup
ovde baš i ne funkcioniše.
ovde baš i ne funkcioniše.
03:25
So what do we know about complex systems?
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Pa šta mi znamo o složenim sistemima?
03:27
Well, it turns out that what looks like complex behavior
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Pa, ispostavlja se da ono što izgleda
kao složeno ponašanje
kao složeno ponašanje
03:31
from the outside is actually the result
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spolja je zapravo rezultat
03:34
of a few simple rules of interaction.
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nekoliko jednostavnih pravila interakcije.
03:38
This means you can forget about the equations
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Ovo znači da možete zaboraviti na jednačine
03:42
and just start to understand the system
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i početi samo da razumete sistem
03:44
by looking at the interactions,
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posmatrajući interakcije,
03:47
so you can actually forget about the equations
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pa možete zapravo zaboraviti jednačine
03:49
and you just start to look at the interactions.
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i početi samo da posmatrate interakcije.
03:52
And it gets even better, because most complex systems
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I čak postaje bolje, jer većina složenih sistema
03:55
have this amazing property called emergence.
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poseduje to neverovatno svojstvo
koje se zove ispoljavanje.
koje se zove ispoljavanje.
03:58
So this means that the system as a whole
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Tako da ovo znači da sistem kao celina
04:00
suddenly starts to show a behavior
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iznenada počinje da pokazuje ponašanje
04:02
which cannot be understood or predicted
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koje ne može biti razumljivo ili predviđeno
04:05
by looking at the components of the system.
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posmatranjem delova sistema.
04:08
So the whole is literally more than the sum of its parts.
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Dakle celina je bukvalno
više od zbira njenih delova.
više od zbira njenih delova.
04:12
And all of this also means that you can forget about
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I sve ovo takođe znači da možete zaboraviti
04:14
the individual parts of the system, how complex they are.
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pojedinačne delove sistema,
koliko su oni složeni.
koliko su oni složeni.
04:19
So if it's a cell or a termite or a bird,
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I ako je to ćelija ili termit ili ptica,
04:24
you just focus on the rules of interaction.
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samo se fokusirate na pravila o interakciji.
04:29
As a result, networks are ideal representations
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Kao rezultat, mreže su idealan pokazatelj
04:33
of complex systems.
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složenih sistema.
04:36
The nodes in the network
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Čvorovi u mreži
04:39
are the system's components
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su komponente sistema
04:41
and the links are given by the interactions.
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i veze su date interakcijama.
04:45
So what equations are for physics,
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Dakle ono što su jednačine za fiziku,
04:48
complex networks are for the study of complex systems.
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to su složene mreže za učenje složenih sistema.
04:53
This approach has been very successfully applied
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Ovaj pristup je bio veoma uspešno primenjen
04:56
to many complex systems in physics, biology,
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na mnogim složenim sistemima u fizici, biologiji,
04:59
computer science, the social sciences,
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kompjuterskim naukama, socijalnim naukama,
05:03
but what about economics?
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ali šta je sa ekonomijom?
05:05
Where are economic networks?
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Gde su ekonomske mreže?
05:07
This is a surprising and prominent gap in the literature.
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Ovo je iznenađujuć i značajan jaz u literaturi.
05:12
The study we published last year called
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Istraživanje koje smo objavili prošle godine,
pod nazivom
pod nazivom
05:15
"The Network of Global Corporate Control"
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''Mreža globalne korporativne kontrole'',
05:18
was the first extensive analysis of economic networks.
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bilo je prva obimna analiza ekonomskih mreža.
05:24
The study went viral on the Internet
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Studija je bila dostupna na internetu
05:26
and it attracted a lot of attention from the international media.
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i privukla je mnogo pažnje
internacionalnih medija.
internacionalnih medija.
05:32
This is quite remarkable, because, again,
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Ovo je prilično izvanredno, zato što, opet,
05:34
why did no one look at this before?
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zašto niko nije pogledao ovo ranije?
05:36
Similar data has been around for quite some time.
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Slični podaci su bili tu duže vreme.
05:39
What we looked at in detail was ownership networks.
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Ono što smo detaljno posmatrali
bile su vlasničke mreže.
bile su vlasničke mreže.
05:43
So here the nodes are companies, people, governments,
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Dakle ovde su čvorovi kompanije,
ljudi, vlade
ljudi, vlade
05:48
foundations, etc.
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fondacije, itd.
05:52
And the links represent the shareholding relations,
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I veze predstavljaju akcionarske odnose,
05:54
so Shareholder A has x percent of the shares in Company B.
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tako da akcionar A ima x procenata deonica
u kompaniji B.
u kompaniji B.
06:00
And we also assign a value to the company
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I mi takođe dodeljujemo vrednost kompaniji
06:02
given by the operating revenue.
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datu putem operativnog prihoda.
06:05
So ownership networks reveal the patterns
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Dakle vlasničke mreže otkrivaju obrasce
06:08
of shareholding relations.
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akcionarskih veza.
06:11
In this little example, you can see
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U ovom malu primeru, možete videti
06:13
a few financial institutions
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nekoliko finansijskih institucija
06:15
with some of the many links highlighted.
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sa nekim od mnoštva istaknutih veza.
06:19
Now you may think that no one's looked at this before
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E sad, možete pomisliti da niko nije
razmišljao o ovome ranije
razmišljao o ovome ranije
06:22
because ownership networks are
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zbog toga što su vlasničke mreže
06:24
really, really boring to study.
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veoma, veoma dosadne za proučavanje.
06:27
Well, as ownership is related to control,
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Dakle, kako je vlasništvo vezano za kontrolu,
06:31
as I shall explain later,
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kao što ću objasniti kasnije,
06:33
looking at ownership networks
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gledajući na vlasništva mreža
06:34
actually can give you answers to questions like,
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zapravo vam mogu dati odgovore
na pitanja kao što su,
na pitanja kao što su,
06:37
who are the key players?
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ko su glavni igrači?
06:39
How are they organized? Are they isolated?
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Kako su oni organizovani?
Jesu li izolovani?
Jesu li izolovani?
06:41
Are they interconnected?
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Jesu li međusobno povezani?
06:42
And what is the overall distribution of control?
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I šta je ukupna raspodela kontrole?
06:46
In other words, who controls the world?
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Drugim rečima, ko kontroliše svet?
06:50
I think this is an interesting question.
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Mislim da je ovo zanimljivo pitanje.
06:52
And it has implications for systemic risk.
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I ima posledice za sistemski rizik.
06:56
This is a measure of how vulnerable a system is overall.
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Ovo je mera za to
koliko je ranjiv sistem u celini.
koliko je ranjiv sistem u celini.
07:01
A high degree of interconnectivity
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Visok stepen međusobnog povezivanja
07:04
can be bad for stability,
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može biti loš za stabilnost,
07:07
because then the stress can spread through the system
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jer se onda stres može širiti kroz sistem,
07:10
like an epidemic.
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kao epidemija.
07:13
Scientists have sometimes criticized economists
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Naučnici su ponekad kritikovali ekonomiste
07:16
who believe ideas and concepts
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koji veruju da su ideje i koncepti
07:18
are more important than empirical data,
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važniji od empirijskih podataka,
07:21
because a foundational guideline in science is:
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jer je temeljna smernica u nauci:
07:25
Let the data speak. Okay. Let's do that.
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Pustimo podatke da govore.
Ok. Uradimo to.
Ok. Uradimo to.
07:28
So we started with a database containing
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Tako smo počeli sa bazom podataka koja sadrži
07:30
13 million ownership relations from 2007.
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13 miliona vlasničkih odnosa od 2007.
07:35
This is a lot of data, and because we wanted to find out
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Ovo je mnogo podataka i zbog toga
što smo želeli otkriti,
što smo želeli otkriti,
07:37
who rules the world,
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ko vlada svetom,
07:40
we decided to focus on transnational corporations,
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odlučili smo da se fokusiramo
na transnacionalne korporacije
na transnacionalne korporacije
07:44
or TNCs for short.
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ili skraćeno TNC.
07:45
These are companies that operate in more than one country,
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Ovo su kompanije koje posluju
u više od jedne države,
u više od jedne države,
07:49
and we found 43,000.
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i mi smo ih našli 43.000.
07:51
In the next step, we built the network around these companies,
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U sledećem koraku,
izgradili smo mrežu oko ovih kompanija,
izgradili smo mrežu oko ovih kompanija,
07:55
so we took all the TNCs' shareholders,
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tako da smo uzeli TNC-ove akcionare,
07:58
and the shareholders' shareholders, etc.,
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i akcionarske akcionare itd.,
08:00
all the way upstream, and we did the same downstream,
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sve uzvodno i uradili smo isto nizvodno
08:03
and ended up with a network containing 600,000 nodes
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i završilo se mrežom koja sadrži 600.000 čvorova
08:07
and one million links.
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i milion veza.
08:08
This is the TNC network which we analyzed.
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Ovo je TNC-ova mreža koju smo analizirali.
08:12
And it turns out to be structured as follows.
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I ispostavlja se da je struktuirana
na sledeći način.
na sledeći način.
08:15
So you have a periphery and a center
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Dakle, imate periferiju i centar
08:17
which contains about 75 percent of all the players,
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koji sadrže oko 75 procenata svih igrača
08:22
and in the center there's this tiny but dominant core
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i u centru se nalazi ovo malo ali dominantno jezgro
08:25
which is made up of highly interconnected companies.
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koje je napravljeno od snažno povezanih kompanija.
08:30
To give you a better picture,
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Da biste dobili jasniju sliku,
08:33
think about a metropolitan area.
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razmislite o području jedne metropole.
08:34
So you have the suburbs and the periphery,
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Dakle imate predgrađa i periferiju,
08:37
you have a center like a financial district,
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imate centar kao finansijsku oblast,
08:39
then the core will be something like
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onda bi jezgro bilo nešto kao
08:41
the tallest high rise building in the center.
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najviša zgrada u centru.
08:44
And we already see signs of organization going on here.
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I već vidimo znake organizacije koja se ovde dešava.
08:49
Thirty-six percent of the TNCs are in the core only,
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Trideset šest procenata TNC-ova su samo u srži,
08:55
but they make up 95 percent of the total operating revenue
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ali oni čine 95 procenata ukupnog
operativnog prihoda
operativnog prihoda
08:59
of all TNCs.
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celog TNC-a.
09:02
Okay, so now we analyzed the structure,
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U redu, sada smo analizirali strukturu,
09:05
so how does this relate to the control?
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kako se onda ovo odnosi na kontrolu?
09:08
Well, ownership gives voting rights to shareholders.
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Dakle, vlasništvo daje pravo glasa akcionarima.
09:12
This is the normal notion of control.
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Ovo je normalna predstava kontrole.
09:15
And there are different models which allow you to compute
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I takođe postoje različiti modeli
koji vam dozvoljavaju da računate
koji vam dozvoljavaju da računate
09:18
the control you get from ownership.
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kontrolu koju dobijate od vlasništva.
09:21
If you have more than 50 percent of the shares in a company,
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Ako imate više od 50 procenata
akcija u kompaniji,
akcija u kompaniji,
09:24
you get control,
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dobijate i kontrolu,
09:25
but usually it depends on the relative distribution of shares.
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ali najčešće to zavisi
od relativne raspodele akcija.
od relativne raspodele akcija.
09:31
And the network really matters.
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I mreža je zaista bitna.
09:33
About 10 years ago, Mr. Tronchetti Provera
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Pre oko 10 godina, g-din Tronketi Provera
09:36
had ownership and control in a small company,
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je posedovao i kontrolisao malu kompaniju,
09:39
which had ownership and control in a bigger company.
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koja je posedovala i kontrolisala veću kompaniju.
09:43
You get the idea.
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Shvatate ideju.
09:44
This ended up giving him control in Telecom Italia
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Ovo se završilo dajući mu kontrolu
u italijanskom telekomu
u italijanskom telekomu
09:48
with a leverage of 26.
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sa leveridžom od 26.
09:51
So this means that, with each euro he invested,
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Tako da ovo znači da,
sa svakim eurom koji je uložio,
sa svakim eurom koji je uložio,
09:55
he was able to move 26 euros of market value
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on je bio u stanju da pomera
26 eura tržišne vrednosti
26 eura tržišne vrednosti
09:59
through the chain of ownership relations.
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kroz lanac vlasničkih odnosa.
10:02
Now what we actually computed in our study
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Ono što smo zapravo izračunali u našoj studiji
10:05
was the control over the TNCs' value.
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jeste kontrola preko TNC-ove vrednosti.
10:09
This allowed us to assign a degree of influence
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Ovo nam je omogućilo da odredimo stepen uticaja
10:12
to each shareholder.
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na svakom akcionaru.
10:14
This is very much in the sense of
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Ovo je veoma mnogo u smislu
10:17
Max Weber's idea of potential power,
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ideje Maksa Vebera o potencijalnoj moći,
10:20
which is the probability of imposing one's own will
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koja je verovatnoća nametanja volje pojedinca
10:24
despite the opposition of others.
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uprkos otporu ostalih.
10:28
If you want to compute the flow in an ownership network,
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Ako želite da izračunate protok u vlasničkoj mreži,
10:32
this is what you have to do.
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ovo je ono što treba da uradite.
10:34
It's actually not that hard to understand.
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To zapravo nije toliko teško za razumevanje.
10:36
Let me explain by giving you this analogy.
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Dozvolite da vam objasnim kroz ovo poređenje.
10:39
So think about water flowing in pipes
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Dakle pomislite o protoku vode kroz cevi
10:42
where the pipes have different thickness.
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gde su cevi različite debljine.
10:45
So similarly, the control is flowing in the ownership networks
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Slično tome, kontrola teče u vlasničkim mrežama
10:50
and is accumulating at the nodes.
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i sakuplja se u čvorovima.
10:54
So what did we find after computing all this network control?
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Dakle šta smo pronašli nakon obračunavanja
sve ove mrežne kontrole?
sve ove mrežne kontrole?
10:58
Well, it turns out that the 737 top shareholders
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Pa, ispostavlja se da 737 najvećih akcionara
11:03
have the potential to collectively control
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ima potencijal da kolektivno upravlja
11:06
80 percent of the TNCs' value.
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sa 80 procenata TNC-ove vrednosti.
11:11
Now remember, we started out with 600,000 nodes,
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Sada zapamtite, započeli smo sa 600.000 čvorova,
11:14
so these 737 top players
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tako da ovih 737 najvećih igrača
11:18
make up a bit more than 0.1 percent.
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čini malo više od 0,1 procenta.
11:21
They're mostly financial institutions in the U.S. and the U.K.
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To su uglavnom finansijske institucije u SAD
i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
i Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
11:26
And it gets even more extreme.
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I sve ovo postaje ekstremnije.
11:29
There are 146 top players in the core,
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Ima 146 najboljih igrača u središtu
11:33
and they together have the potential to collectively control
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i oni zajedno imaju mogućnost
da zajednički upravljaju
da zajednički upravljaju
11:37
40 percent of the TNCs' value.
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sa 40 procenata TNC-ove vrednosti.
11:43
What should you take home from all of this?
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Šta bi trebalo da ponesete kući od svega ovoga?
11:46
Well, the high degree of control you saw
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Pa, visok stepen kontrole koji ste videli
11:49
is very extreme by any standard.
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je veoma ekstreman po svim standardima.
11:54
The high degree of interconnectivity
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Visok stepen međusobne povezanosti
11:57
of the top players in the core
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najboljih igrača u jezgru
11:59
could pose a significant systemic risk to the global economy
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može predstavljati značajan sistemski rizik
za globalnu ekonomiju
za globalnu ekonomiju
12:04
and we could easily reproduce the TNC network
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i mogli bismo lako povratiti TNC mrežu
12:08
with a few simple rules.
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uz nekoliko jednostavnih pravila.
12:10
This means that its structure is probably the result
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Ovo znači da su te strukture verovatno rezultat
12:12
of self-organization.
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samoorganizovanja.
12:14
It's an emergent property which depends
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Ovo je vanredno vlasništvo koje zavisi
12:17
on the rules of interaction in the system,
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od pravila saradnje u sistemu,
12:20
so it's probably not the result of a top-down approach
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tako da verovatno nije rezultat
pristupa od vrha na dole
pristupa od vrha na dole
12:24
like a global conspiracy.
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kao globalne zavere.
12:27
Our study "is an impression of the moon's surface.
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Naša studija ''je utisak površine meseca.
12:30
It's not a street map."
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To nije ulična mapa.''
12:31
So you should take the exact numbers in our study
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Tako da bi trebalo da uzemete
tačan broj u našoj studiji
tačan broj u našoj studiji
12:34
with a grain of salt,
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sa rezervom,
12:35
yet it "gave us a tantalizing glimpse
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ipak, on ''nam daje mučan pregled
12:39
of a brave new world of finance."
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vrlog novog sveta finansija.''
12:43
We hope to have opened the door for more such research in this direction,
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Nadamo se da smo otvorili vrata
za više istraživanja u ovom pravcu
za više istraživanja u ovom pravcu
12:47
so the remaining unknown terrain will be charted in the future.
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pa će preostali nepoznat teren
biti ucrtan u budućnosti.
biti ucrtan u budućnosti.
12:52
And this is slowly starting.
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I ovo polako uzima maha.
12:54
We're seeing the emergence of long-term
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Mi vidimo hitnost dugoročnih
12:57
and highly-funded programs which aim at understanding
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i dobro finansiranih programa
čiji cilj je razumevanje
čiji cilj je razumevanje
13:00
our networked world from a complexity point of view.
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našeg umreženog sveta
s tačke gledišta složenosti.
s tačke gledišta složenosti.
13:05
But this journey has only just begun,
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Ali ovo je putovanje upravo počelo,
13:07
so we will have to wait before we see the first results.
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pa ćemo morati da čekamo
pre nego vidimo prve rezultate.
pre nego vidimo prve rezultate.
13:12
Now there is still a big problem, in my opinion.
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Postoji još uvek veliki problem,
po mom mišljenju.
po mom mišljenju.
13:16
Ideas relating to finance, economics, politics,
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Ideje u vezi sa finansijama,
ekonomijom, politikom,
ekonomijom, politikom,
13:21
society, are very often tainted
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društvom, su veoma često ukaljane
13:24
by people's personal ideologies.
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ličnim ljudskim ideologijama.
13:28
I really hope that this complexity perspective
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Zaista se nadam da ova perspektiva složenosti
13:32
allows for some common ground to be found.
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omogućava pronalazak neke zajedničke osnove.
13:38
It would be really great if it has the power
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Bilo bi stvarno odlično ako bi imala moć
13:40
to help end the gridlock created by conflicting ideas,
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da pomogne prekid zastoja nastao
suprotstavljanjem ideja,
suprotstavljanjem ideja,
13:46
which appears to be paralyzing our globalized world.
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koji izgleda paralizuje naš globalizovani svet.
13:51
Reality is so complex, we need to move away from dogma.
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Stvarnost je veoma složena,
moramo se izmaći od dogmi.
moramo se izmaći od dogmi.
13:55
But this is just my own personal ideology.
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Ali ovo je samo moja lična ideologija.
13:58
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
14:00
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
James B. Glattfelder - Complex systems theoristJames B. Glattfelder aims to give us a richer, data-driven understanding of the people and interactions that control our global economy. He does this not to push an ideology -- but with the hopes of making the world a better place.
Why you should listen
First a physicist and then a researcher at a Swiss hedge fund, James B. Glattfelder found himself amazed by the level of understanding we have in regards to the physical world and universe around us. He wondered: how can we move toward a similar understanding of human society?
This question led him to the study of complex systems, a subject he now holds a Ph.D in from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Glattfelder is co-head of quantitative research at Olsen Ltd in Zurich, an FX investment manager focusing on market-stabilizing algorithms. In 2011, he co-authored the study “The Network of Global Corporate Control,” which went viral in the international media and sparked many controversial discussions. The study looked at the architecture of ownership across the globe, and computed a level of control exerted by each international player. The study revealed that less than 1% of all the players in the global economy are part of a highly interconnected and powerful core which, because of the high levels of overlap, leaves the economy vulnerable.
In his free time, Glattfelder enjoys snowboarding, rock climbing, surfing and listening to electronic music.
James B. Glattfelder | Speaker | TED.com